Science chapter 4 test (3)

What is the largest population size a given environment can sustainably support 4

Caring capacity

What will happen to a population made up mostly of individuals that are past reproductive age 4.3

Decline over time

Populations ———— when more individuals leave the population than enter it 4.3

Decrease

What is influenced changes with population density 4

Density dependent factor

Limiting factors whose influence is not affected by population density 4

Density independent factors

The factors that are density dependent 4.3

Disease and predation

Uniform distribution 4

Evenly spaced throughout areas

When a population increases by a fixed percentage each year 4

Exponential growth

Describe the shape of a graph curve indicating exponential growth and a graph indicating logistic growth 4.3

Exponential growth will be J shaped line goes up and logistic growth will be s shaped the line levels out

Give two examples of organisms that differ greatly in there biotic potential

Fish lay 10s of thousands of eggs in 1 year; orangutans have 3-4 offspring in a lifetime. 4.3

What is the most basic level of ecological organization 4.1

individual

What is the departure of individuals from a given area 4

Emigration

What is the equation that summarizes population growth 4

( immigration+ Birth)-(emmigration+death)

What is population growth rate formula 4

(Birthdate+immigration)-(death rate+emmigration) Growth rate⬆️X100% That number⬆️X100% = population growth rate

List two factors that increase the growth rate of a population and two factors that decrease the growth rate of a population 4

1) immigration, birthrate high 2) emigration, death rate high

Describe how a species is commonly defined. Explain why the common definition for species may be problematic for some organisms, such as bacteria 4.1

A group of individuals that in interbreed and produce fertile offspring. They are defined based on genetic similarity

What are visual tools that scientists used to show the age structure of populations 4

Age structure

What describes the relate of numbers of organisms of each age within a population 4

Age structure

Which piece of information is used along with population size to calculate population density 4.2

Area

Random distribution 4

Arranged in space with no pattern

Explain why the passenger pigeon which was one of the most abundant bird in North America disappear completely 4

Because humans removed their habitat and we hunted them and they couldn't form breeding colonies fast enough which drove the species to extinction within a few decades

Explain why organization is important to the study of ecology 4

Because they use the levels of ecological organization to study organisms and to see how they react

Is a fallen, rotting tree considered an abiotic or biotic factor 4.1

Biotic because it was once living even though it is now dead

What are parts of an ecosystem that are living or used to be living 4.1

Biotic factor

What is the difference between abiotic factors and biotic factors 4

Biotic or living animals and organisms that can be dead but was once living. Abiotic factors or nonliving elements such as rocks sunlight or air

What is the maximum ability to produce offspring and ideal conditions 4

Biotic potential

Which type of population distribution is found most often in nature 4

Clumped distribution

What is all of the populations in a particular area 4

Community

Explain why a forest fire is considered to be a density/independent limiting factor 4.3

Dramatic/sudden reduction in population from catastrophic events

What is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment 4

Ecology

What is an area of land that includes all of the living things and their physical environment within a particular area 4

Ecosystem

What is the study of living and nonliving components of a system 4.1

Ecosystem ecology

A cloud forest's soil, rocks, leaf litter, humidity, plant life, and seasonal pools of water are all part of a toad's —————— 4.1

Habitat

What are the specific environment in which an organism lives in 4

Habitat

What does populations density describe 4

How crowded the population is

Explain how the current capacity for a population can change over time 4.3

If there aren't that many resources and the capacity will decrease but in years it can increase if more resources are there to support the population size

What is a seasonal movement into and out of an area 4.3

Migration

What is the arrival of individuals from an outside given area 4

Immigration

Populations ———— when more individuals enter the population than leave it 4.3

Increase

Clumped distribution 4

Individuals are arranged around sources of resources

How can high population density be harmful to a population 4

It could be harmful because more people would be fighting over resources and not as much room

Describe how you can recognize where the carrying capacity for a population occurs on a logistic growth curve 4.3

It levels out

How can hide population density be helpful to a population 4

It will be easier to group together and easier to find mates

Explain how a population would be affected when the birth rate is significantly higher than the death rate and there are no changes due to immigration or emigration 4.3

It's a rapid increase in population

What is community ecology, give examples 4.1

It's the study of interactions among species. For example, a Bee pollinating a flower

How can high populations density be helpful to a population? 4

Large breeding pool

Describe the effects that limiting factors and biotic potential have on a populations growth 4

Limiting factor slope population growth and determine the maximum amount of growth possible and a population. Biotic potential determines the maximum ability to produce offspring under ideal conditions

What are characteristics of the environment that limit population growth 4

Limiting factors

Explain how carrying capacity for a population can change over time 4.3

Limiting factors can change plans under shade canopy will increase if trees screen shade are removed

What describes how a populations initial exponential increase its load and finally stopped by limiting factors 4

Logistic growth

Compare and contrast exponential growth and logistic growth 4.3

Logistic growth is dealing with limiting factors. They both are dealing with population growth though

Describe how to use an age structure diagram to determine how many males and females are in a population 4.3

Males on the left, Females on the right, Young at the bottom, Older near top

Explain how migration causes population size to change cyclically over time 4.3

Migration-Seasonal event Area and out of an area population fluctuates with seasons

What is members of a species that live in the same area at the same time 4

Population

What place would only include biotic factors 4

Population

What describes the number of individuals within a population per-unit area 4

Population density

Which way of describing a population would be more Informative in terms of availability resources population size of population density 4

Population density better indicate the quality of room and resources available, since it indicates how many organisms are living in a specific area

What describes how organisms are arranged within an area 4

Population distribution

Describe how you might use population distribution to find sources of food or other resources used by a species 4

Population is often distribute themselves according to location of resources. And random or uniform distribution. Resources may be widely available. If a population is distributed in clumps these clubs will likely indicate the location of available resources

What is describes the number of individual organisms present in a given population at a given time 4

Population size

Habitat provide organisms with the ——————they need to live such as food, shelter, breeding sites, and mates 4.1

Resources

Explain how the availability of resources and the environment is linked to exponential growth of a species 4.3

Resources are needed to support larger populations. Exponential growth occurs when a population size start small with lots of resources available.

Anything an organism needs including nutrition, shelter, breeding side, and mates 4

Recourses

What is its proportion of males to females 4

Sex ratio

What is a group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring 4

Species

Showing how the likelihood of death varies with age, population ecologists use these graphs 4

Survivorship curves

What can you predict about a population with an age structure diagram that is shaped like a pyramid 14

That they have a healthy population and it will be increasing because there are a lot of young people and a small amount of old

Name to specific elements of the golden toad cloud forest habitat 4

The forest soil and the plant life

What will happen to a population made up mostly of individuals that are past reproductive age 13 (4)

The population will decrease because there are no reproductives and not a lot of young people

What makes of an organisms habitat 4

The specific environment, including biotic and abiotic elements, around an organism makes up its habitat

why are dead or decaying organisms still considered important parts of an ecosystem 4

They are taken in and used as essential materials for living organisms

Compare and contrast an ecosystem and a habitat 4.1

They both have living and nonliving factors living within them. But the difference is, is that habitats defend their boundaries by particular organisms whose habitat it is

Describe how you could determine the population size of a specific type of plant in a large forest without counting all the plants 4

They could use the sampling method. Count all of the plants in a small area and multiply by how many identical measured areas there are and you get an estimate how many plants are in the total population.

How do scientist calculate population density 4

They divide the amount of organisms by the amount of land

Explain the importance of resources and suitable have attached to an organism 4

They need resources to live and suitable habitat to live. Their survival depends on ability of suitable habitat and resources

Explain the significance of age structure diagram in which the bars are short along one side and long on the opposite side 4

This indicates that the population consists mostly of either males or females. It may also indicate that the population will not be a successful and reproductive

Abiotic factors; biotic factors 4.1

Trees and plants; school supplies and books

Describe how immigration and emigration affect the size of a population 4.3

emmigrate they leave so the population decreases. But when people immigrate they move in so the population increases