Science Exam
Which sentence explains how the frequency and the wavelength of electromagnetic waves are related?
. As wavelength decreases, frequency increases.
At the time indicated in this diagram, what season is it in the southern hemisphere?
. winter
On a speed-time graph, a horizontal line shows the change in speed is ____.
0
All stars, including the Sun, have the following identical composition:
25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent other
According to the trend of the line graph, if a car was traveling at a speed of 120 km/h how much breaking distance would it need?
30m
The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth every 97 minutes. Calculate how long it would take the Hubble Space Telescope to orbit Earth 30 times.
48 hours, 30 minutes
How would you correctly find the volume of the fish tank above? (dimensions[6m, 5m, 3m])
6m x 5m x 3m =90 meters cubed
a=(sf-si)/t. What is the formula for
Acceleration
What can be inferred about speed and breaking distance from the above graph?
As speed increases, breaking distance increases.
d/t. What is the formula for
Average Speed
An experiment is a suggested explanation for an observation. True or false
False
Gamma rays are classified as visible light. True or false
False
In the early 1500s, Tycho Brahe formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system. True or false
False
Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn, and Neptune are all outer planets listed in order as you move outward, away from the sun. True or false
False
Mars is the planet most similar to Earth in physical properties, such as diameter, mass, and density. True or false
False
Meteorology is the study of materials that make up Earth and the processes that form and change these materials. True or false
False
Researchers use a constant in an experiment to show that the results of the experiment are actually due to the condition being tested. True or false
False
The application of scientific discoveries is called tectonics.
False
The daily rising and setting of heavenly objects like the Sun is caused by the orbit of Earth. True or false
False
The difference between meteors and meteorites is their size. True or false
False
The force of gravity between two objects is determined entirely by their masses. true or false
False
The gas giants are composed primarily of lightweight elements such as hydrogen and nickle. True or false
False
The study of objects beyond Earth's atmosphere is ecology. True or False
False
Classify Planet X as an inner or outer planet and justify your classification using at least 2 pieces of evidence.
First of all, it has 35 moons, and that is usually connected to being a outer planet. Also, the distance from the sun is a ways away. In my mind, I would say that this is an outer planet.
Which of these steps would be the first step in a scientific method?
Identify the problem and determine what you want to know.
Diagram A shows how Earth's axis is tilted. Identify one way that conditions on Earth would change if Earth's axis were instead oriented as shown in Diagram B.
In diagram b, the seasons would change because there is no tilt of the axis, and that would create no seasons.
Plants under a grow lamp Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 A-no water 0in 0in 0in B-water once a day 0in 3in 5in C-water three times a day 0in 2in 4in D-water five times a day 0in 2in 0in Looking at the data above, what should a scientist do if their original hypothesis stated that the plant watered three times a day would grow the most?
Modify the hypothesis to fit with the new findings, and repeat the experiment.
p=m*v. What is the formula for
Momentum
What two gas giants appear blue because of the methane in their atmosphere?
Neptune and Uranus
Goldilocks is a character in a children's story who likes things to be "just right." The conditions on Earth are sometimes called "Goldilocks conditions." Explain using at least 3 examples.
Our planet is claimed as a Goldilocks planet because it has these three things. It has water in 3 different states, it has a slight greenhouse effect, and it has oxygen.
A scientist performed an experiment to find out how the volume of a gas depended on the pressure of the gas. The scientist placed a constant amount of the gas under different pressures and measured the volume of the gas at each pressure.
The difference is that pressure and volume are different. The volume is what the gas (if it was put in a container) could hold or how much is in the container, and that is when the pressure is a lower number, the volume will be at a much higher number.
Why is the moon's surface covered with craters, yet Earth has very few? Give information about both the Moon and the Earth.
The reason why the moon has so many craters is because it has basically no atmosphere, and that means when something is going to hit the moon, it can't protect itself. The Earth has an atmosphere to shield us from meteoroids, and other stuff like that. The atmosphere burns the meteoroids when they try to come to earth.
Asteroids are thought to be leftover planetesimals that never formed planets from the time of the solar system's formation. true or false
True
Earth reflects a greater percentage of the Sun's light that strikes it than does the Moon. True or false
True
Identifying rocks, studying glacial movements, and interpreting clues to Earth's history are all topics studied in geology. True or false
True
Mercury has the largest day-night temperature difference of all the planets in the solar system. true or false
True
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are all of the inner planets in order as you move outward from the sun. true or false
True
Most scientific studies use a standard system of units called SI, which is a modern version of the metric system. True or false
True
Only one of the eight planets in the solar system has all three forms of water on its surface. true or false
True
Scientific methods are planned and organized, but can be modified (changed) as you begin to solve problems. true or false
True
The arrangement of waves that includes gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves according to wavelength and frequency is called the electromagnetic spectrum. True or false
True
The biosphere includes all organisms that live within a few meters of Earth's surface, at the bottom of oceans, and on the tops of mountains. True or false
True
The electromagnetic waves associated with different colors of light can be distinguished by their frequencies. True or false
True
The inner planets have greater densities than the outer planets. True or false
True
The water in Earth's oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and in Earth's atmosphere makes up the hydrosphere. True or false
True
When the Moon waxes during its lunar cycle, the amount of its sunlight portion that we see appears to increase in size. True or false
True
Which of the following is one of the characteristics an object MUST have to be classified as a dwarf planet by the IAU?
a spherical shape
The measure of the amount of light given off by a star is its ____.
absolute magnitude
A measure of the amount of light received on Earth is a star's ___.
apparent magnitude
Bodies of interplanetary debris that orbit the Sun with most in the area between Mars and Jupiter are called ___.
asteroids
Small, icy bodies that have highly eccentric orbits and can be found in the Oort cloud or the Kuiper belt are called ___.
asteroids
A star that is gravitation-ally bound to another star can either be part of a star cluster or a ____ star.
binary
Acceleration involves a change in ____.
both speed and direction
What causes the dark bands observed in a solar spectrum?
different chemical elements which absorb light at specific wavelengths
Speed is the rate of change in ____.
distance
Absolute magnitude takes distance into account when indicating the surface temperature of a star. true or false
false
If you are driving up a curvy mountain road, your displacement would be greater than your distance. true or false
false
If you travel through a city and find that you travel 5 km in 30 minutes, you could say that your constant speed is 6 km/h. true or false
false
Motion is a change in direction. true or false
false
Scientists gather evidence about the Sun's composition by directly sampling material from the Sun. true or false
false
Stars more massive than the Sun use up their fuel at a slower rate. true or false
false
The high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere of Mars inhibits infrared radiation from escaping and keeps the surface extremely hot. true or false
false
The momentum before a collision of three objects is always greater than the momentum after the collision. true or false
false
The slope of the line on a speed-time graph tells the speed. true or false
false
What force draws the matter in an interstellar cloud together to form a star?
gravity
A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly. Which of the following is the dependent variable?
how far the plane flew
Momentum is a measure of ____.
how hard it is to stop an object
When object A collides with object B and bounces back, its final momentum is ____ its initial momentum.
in the opposite direction of
The momentum of a falling leaf is _____ the momentum of a falling rock.
less than
The sequential changes in the appearance of the moon are called _____.
lunar phases
If an object is moving at a constant velocity and you want to change its momentum, you would change its ____.
mass
The ____ of a star determines its temperature, luminosity, and diameter.
mass
The result when Earth intersects a cometary orbit is a(n) ___.
meteor shower
Interplanetary material that enters the Earth's atmosphere and collides with the ground rather than burning up is called a(n) ____.
meteorite
If you exert a force on an object in motion you will change its ____.
momentum
To have a momentum greater than zero, an object must be ___.
moving
Which phase is the Moon in when the Earth, Sun, and Moon are in the positions shown in the diagram?
new moon
A scientist looking for an optimal location for a new observatory should choose a location ____.
on a remote hilltop
The distances to nearby stars can be measured by using ____.
paralax
People who see a partial solar eclipse are located in the ___ portion of the Moon's shadow.
penumbra
Most of the light emitted by the Sun comes from the ___.
photosphere
A main sequence star becomes a ___ after it uses up the hydrogen in its core.
red giant
Inertia ____.
resists a change in motion of an object
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's ___.
shadow
Earth is bombarded with particles and radiation after violent eruptions from the Sun's surface called ____.
solar flares
What is flowing outward from the corona to the entire solar system?
solar wind
Which of the following terms describe the terrestrial planets?
solid and similar in size to Earth
To describe velocity you need to know ____.
speed and direction
The Law of Conservation of Momentum says that if no external forces are acting on colliding objects, then the total momentum _____.
stays the same
Which of the following is NOT an activity usually performed by oceanographers?
studying the processes that cause the atmosphere to produce weather
In the northern hemisphere, what day is represented by this diagram?
summer solstice
Which day is it in the northern hemisphere when the sun's most direct light hits the Tropic of Cancer?
summer solstice
Dark, cooler areas on the Sun's surface are called ___.
sunspots
A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly. Which of the following is the control?
the airplane with no paperclips added
A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly. Which of the following is the independent variable?
the number of paperclips added
A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly. Which of the following is a controlled variable (constant)?
the same airplane for each trial
When a toy truck collides into a toy car, the momentum of ____ is the same before and after the collision.
the truck plus the car
What is the main reason why Venus' surface is so hot?
the very efficient greenhouse effect on Venus
When you graph the motion of an object, you put ____ on the horizontal axis and ____ on the vertical axis.
time, distance
As a moving object's velocity decreases, its momentum decreases. true or false
true
As a star ages, its internal composition changes as nuclear reactions in the star's core convert one element into another. true or false
true
Compared to the human eye, telescopes can collect light over longer periods of time. True or false
true
Earth is the most tectonic-ally active of the inner planets. true or false
true
Other than the use of special instruments, the chromosphere is only visible during a solar eclipse when the photosphere is blocked. true or false
true
The Sun is almost entirely composed of hydrogen and helium. true or false
true
The state of matter found in the Sun's interior is plasma. true or false
true
Two objects have a mass of 70 kg. Their momentum is _____.
unknown
