science

The school nurse is conducting vision screening for a 7-year-old girl and documents the condition "amblyopia." What would the nurse tell the parents about this condition? A) "Amblyopia is an uncorrected refractive error of the eye." B) "Amblyopia is reduced vision in an eye that has not been adequately used during early development." C) "Amblyopia is a malalignment of the eye, which occurs at birth." D) "Amblyopia is a clouding of the lens of the eye caused by trauma to the eye."

B) "Amblyopia is reduced vision in an eye that has not been adequately used during early development."

The nurse is teaching good sleep habits for toddlers to the mother of a 2-year-old boy. Which response indicates the mother understands sleep requirements for her son? A) "I'll put him to bed at 7 p.m., except Friday and Saturday." B) "He needs 13 hours of sleep per day including his nap." C) "I need to put the side down on the crib so he can get out." D) "His father can give him a horseback ride into his bed."

B) "He needs 13 hours of sleep per day including his nap."

The parents of a 5-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son is having frequent episodes of night terrors. Which of the following statements would indicate that the boy is having nightmares instead of night terrors? A) "It usually happens about an hour after he falls asleep." B) "He will tell us about what happened in his dream." C) "He is completely unaware that we are there." D) "When we try to comfort him, he screams even more."

B) "He will tell us about what happened in his dream."

After teaching a mother how to remove a tick from her 6-year-old boy's arm, the nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the mother states which of the following? A) "I'll protect my fingers with a paper towel." B) "I'll grasp the tick and pull it away quickly." C) "I should put the tick in a plastic bag in the freezer." D) "I need to grasp the tick close to the child's skin."

B) "I'll grasp the tick and pull it away quickly."

A 3-year-old boy has been on chemotherapy for cancer. He complains about a sore throat, is experiencing malaise, and has a temperature of 99.8°F orally. His mother calls the child's physician. What is the appropriate information for the nurse to tell his mother at this time? A) "Continue to watch the child, giving him aspirin and cool fluids for the fever." B) "Plan to bring the child into the physician's office today." C) "Monitor the temperature, but not to worry unless it gets above 104°F." D) "Keep the child warm and as comfortable as possible."

B) "Plan to bring the child into the physician's office today.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother of a 5-month-old boy about introducing solid foods. Which statement by the mother indicates that effective teaching has occurred? A) "I'll start with baby oatmeal cereal mixed with low-fat milk." B) "The cereal should be a fairly thin consistency at first." C) "I can puree the meat that we are eating to give to my baby." D) "Once he gets used to the cereal, then we'll try giving him a cup."

B) "The cereal should be a fairly thin consistency at first."

The parents of a 4-year-old ask the nurse when their child will be able to differentiate right from wrong and develop morals. What would be the best response of the nurse? A) "The preschooler has no sense of right and wrong." B) "The preschooler is developing a conscience." C) "The preschooler sees morality as internal to self." D) "The preschooler's morals are their own, right or wrong."

B) "The preschooler is developing a conscience.

A new mother shows the nurse that her baby grasps her finger when she touches the baby's palm. How might the nurse respond to this information? A) "This is a primitive reflex known as the plantar grasp." B) "This is a primitive reflex known as the palmar grasp." C) "This is a protective reflex known as rooting." D) "This is a protective reflex known as the Moro reflex."

B) "This is a primitive reflex known as the palmar grasp."

The mother of a 5-year-old boy calls the nurse and seeks advice on how to assist the child with the recent death of his paternal grandfather. The boy keeps asking when his grandpa is coming back. How should the nurse respond? A) "It is best to just ignore this and to not respond to his questions." B) "This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death." C) "You have to keep repeating that his grandfather is never coming back." D) "He will eventually figure this out on his own."

B) "This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death."

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 12-year-old boy about appropriate approaches when raising an adolescent. Which of the following comments should be included in the discussion? A) "Find out if his friends are worthy of him." B) "Try to be open to his views." C) "Maintain a firm set of rules." D) "Remind him that he is still your little boy."

B) "Try to be open to his views."

The parents of an 11-year-old child ask the nurse for suggestions to promote good nutrition for their child. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) "Be sure to limit protein to one meal every day." B) "Use whole-grain or enriched breads and cereals." C) "Have eggs on the average of once a week." D) "Eat dark green leafy vegetables about twice a week."

B) "Use whole-grain or enriched breads and cereals."

During a health history, the nurse explores the sleeping habits of a 3-yearold boy by interviewing his parents. Which of the following statements from the parents reflects a recommended guideline for promoting healthy sleep in this age group? A) "Our son sleeps through the night, and we insist that he takes two naps a day." B) "We keep a strict bedtime ritual for our son, which includes a bath and bedtime story." C) "Our son still sleeps in a crib because we feel it is the safest place for him at night." D) "Our son occasionally experiences night walking so we allow him to stay up later when this happens."

B) "We keep a strict bedtime ritual for our son, which includes a bath and bedtime story."

The parents of a 2-year-old girl are frustrated by the frequent confrontations they have with their child. Which is the best anticipatory guidance the nurse can offer them? A) "Respond in a calm but firm manner." B) "You need to adhere to various routines." C) "Put her in time-out when she misbehaves." D) "It's important to toddler-proof your home."

B) "You need to adhere to various routines."

The nurse is discussing vaccination for Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) with the mother of a 6-month-old child. Which of the following comments provides the most compelling reason to get the vaccination? A) "These bacteria live in every human." B) "Young children are especially susceptible to these bacteria." C) "You have a choice of two excellent vaccines." D) "Your child needs this final dose for protection."

B) "Young children are especially susceptible to these bacteria."

At which age would the nurse expect to find the beginning of object permanence? A) 1 month B) 4 months C) 8 months D) 12 months

B) 4 months

The nurse is conducting a well-child examination of a 5-year-old girl, who was 40 inches tall at her last examination at age 4. Which of the following height measurements would be within the normal range of growth expected for a preschooler? A) 41 inches B) 43 inches C) 45 inches D) 47 inches

B) 43 inches

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 10-year-old boy. The nurse notes that during last year's check-up the child weighed 80 pounds. According to average growth for this age group, what would be his expected current weight? A) 83 pounds B) 85 pounds C) 87 pounds D) 89 pounds

B) 85 pounds

The nurse is performing developmental surveillance for children at a medical home. Which of the following infants are most at risk for developmental delays? Select all answers that apply. A) A child whose birthweight was 1,600 g B) A child whose parent has a mental illness C) A child raised by a single parent D) A child with a lead level above 10 mg/dL E) A child with hypertonia or hypotonia F) A child with gestational age more than 33 weeks

B) A child whose parent has a mental illness C) A child raised by a single parent E) A child with hypertonia or hypotonia

A large portion of the nurse's efforts is dedicated to health supervision for children who use the facility as their primary medical contact. At which of the following facilities does the nurse work? A) An urgent care center B) A pediatric practice C) A mobile outreach immunization program D) A dermatology practice

B) A pediatric practice

Which of the following would the nurse most likely find in a 10-year-old child in the period of concrete operational thought? A) Participation in abstract thinking B) Ability to classify similar objects C) Problem solving via the scientific method D) Ability to make independent decisions

B) Ability to classify similar objects

The nurse assesses the spirituality of an adolescent. Which of the following are normal moral and spiritual milestones in this age group? Select all answers that apply. A) Adolescents will base their actions on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of pleasure. B) Adolescents develop their own set of morals and values and question the status quo. C) Adolescents undergo the process of developing their own set of morals at different rates. D) Adolescents are more interested in the spiritualism of their religion than in the actual practices of their religion. E) Adolescents can understand the concepts of right and wrong and are developing a conscience. F) Adolescents are able to understand and incorporate into their behavior the concept of the "golden rule."

B) Adolescents develop their own set of morals and values and question the status quo. C) Adolescents undergo the process of developing their own set of morals at different rates. D) Adolescents are more interested in the spiritualism of their religion than in the actual practices of their religion

The school nurse is preparing a program on sexuality and birth control for a class of 14- to 16-year-olds. Which of the following behaviors will have the most influence on how the information is presented? A) Teens are adjusting to new body images. B) Adolescents tend to take risks. C) Teenagers are able to think in the abstract. D) Adolescents understand that actions have consequences.

B) Adolescents tend to take risks.

A child is diagnosed with a helminthic infection. Which of the following would the nurse expect to be prescribed? Select all answers that apply. A) Erythromycin B) Albendazole C) Pyrantel pamoate D) Acyclovir E) Metronidazole F) Permethrin

B) Albendazole C) Pyrantel pamoate

When instructing the parents of a toddler about appropriate nutrition, which of the following would the nurse recommend? A) About 12 to 16 ounces of fruit juice per day B) Approximately 16 to 24 ounces of milk per day C) Fat intake of 30% to 40% of total calories D) An average of 10 to 12 grams of fiber per day

B) Approximately 16 to 24 ounces of milk per day

The nurse observes an infant interacting with his parents. Which of the following are normal social behavioral developments for this age group? Select all answers that apply. A) Around 5 months the infant may develop stranger anxiety. B) Around 2 months the infant exhibits a first real smile. C) Around 3 months the infant smiles widely and gurgles when interacting with the caregiver. D) Around 3 months the infant will mimic the parent's facial movements, such as sticking out the tongue. E) Around 3 to 6 months of age the infant may enjoy socially interactive games such as patty-cake and peek-a-boo. F) Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy.

B) Around 2 months the infant exhibits a first real smile. C) Around 3 months the infant smiles widely and gurgles when interacting with the caregiver. D) Around 3 months the infant will mimic the parent's facial movements, such as sticking out the tongue. F) Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy.

The mother of a 5-year-old child with eczema is getting a check-up for her child before school starts. Which of the following will the nurse do during the visit? A) Change the bandage on a cut on the child's hand B) Assess the compliance with treatment regimens C) Discuss systemic corticosteroid therapy D) Assess the child's fluid volume

B) Assess the compliance with treatment regimens

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance for parents of a preschooler regarding sex education. Which of the following is a recommended guideline when dealing with this issue? A) Be prepared to thoroughly cover a topic before the child asks about it. B) Before answering questions, find out what the child thinks about the subject. C) Expand upon the topic when answering questions to prevent further confusion. D) Provide a less than honest response to shelter the child from knowledge that is too advanced.

B) Before answering questions, find out what the child thinks about the subject.

The student nurse is learning about the effects of heat and cold when used in a pain management plan. Which of the following accurately describes one of these effects? A) Cold results in vasodilation. B) Cold alters capillary permeability. C) Heat results in vasoconstriction. D) Heat decreases blood flow to the area.

B) Cold alters capillary permeability.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 9-year-old girl about the socialization that is occurring in their child through school contacts. Which of the following information would the nurse include in her teaching plan? A) Teachers are the most influential people in the development of the school-age child's social network. B) Continuous peer relationships provide the most important social interaction for school-age children. C) Parents should establish norms and standards that signify acceptance or rejection. D) A characteristic of school-age children is their formation of groups with no rules and values involved.

B) Continuous peer relationships provide the most important social interaction for school-age children.

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the action of antipyretic agents in children. The instructor determines that the teaching has been successful when the students identify which of the following as the primary action? A) Cause vasodilation to promote heat loss B) Decrease the temperature set point C) Block release of histamine D) Promote prostaglandin production

B) Decrease the temperature set point

The nurse tells a joke to a 12-year-old to distract him from a painful procedure. What pain management technique is the nurse using? A) Relaxation B) Distraction C) Imagery D) Thought stopping

B) Distraction

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old toddler methods of dealing with their child's "negativism." Based on Erokson's theory of development, which of the following would be an appropriate intervention for this child? A) Discourage solitary play; encourage playing with other children. B) Encourage the child to pick out his own clothes. C) Use "time-outs" whenever the child says "no" inappropriately. D) Encourage the child to take turns when playing games.

B) Encourage the child to pick out his own clothes.

The school nurse is performing a physical examination on a 13-year-old boy who is on the soccer team. Which of the following is a physical quality that develops during these early adolescent years? A) Coordination B) Endurance C) Speed D) Accuracy

B) Endurance

The nurse is educating a first-time mother who has a 1-week-old boy. Which of the following is the most accurate anticipatory guidance? A) Describing the effect of neonatal teeth on breastfeeding B) Explaining that the stomach holds less than 1 ounce C) Informing that fontanels will close by 6 months D) Telling that the step reflex persists until the child walks

B) Explaining that the stomach holds less than 1 ounce

The nurse is talking with a chatty 7-year-old girl during her regular check-up. Which of the following behaviors would the child also be expected to exhibit? A) Showing no interest in what the nurse sees in her ears B) Explaining what is right and what is wrong C) Demonstrating independence from her mother D) Showing no concern when the nurse hurts her own finger

B) Explaining what is right and what is wrong

The nurse is helping parents prepare a healthy meal plan for their toddler. Which of the following guidelines for promoting nutrition should be followed when planning meals? Select all answers that apply. A) The child younger than 2 years of age should have his or her fat intake restricted. B) Extending breastfeeding into toddlerhood is believed to be beneficial to the child. C) Weaning from the bottle should occur by 6 to 12 months of age. D) Adequate calcium intake and appropriate exercise lay the foundation for proper bone mineralization. E) The toddler requires an average intake of 500 mg calcium per day. F) Toddlers tend to have the highest daily iron intake of any age group.

B) Extending breastfeeding into toddlerhood is believed to be beneficial to the child. D) Adequate calcium intake and appropriate exercise lay the foundation for proper bone mineralization. E) The toddler requires an average intake of 500 mg calcium per day.

Based on Erikson's developmental theory, which of the following is the major developmental task of the adolescent? A) Gaining independence B) Finding an identity C) Coordinating information D) Mastering motor skills

B) Finding an identity

The nurse is caring for an infant who had hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion. Based on this information, this infant is at risk for what type of disorder? A) Vision loss B) Hearing loss C) Hypertension D) Hyperlipidemia

B) Hearing loss

A 2-week-old child responds to a bell during an initial health supervision examination. The child's records do not show that a newborn hearing screening was done. Which of the following is the best action for the nurse to take? A) Do nothing because responding to the bell proves he does not have a hearing deficit. B) Immediately schedule the infant for a newborn hearing screening. C) Ask the mother to observe for signs that the infant is not hearing well. D) Screen again with the bell at the 2-month-old health supervision visit.

B) Immediately schedule the infant for a newborn hearing screening.

The nurse is explaining the effects of heat application for pain relief. Which of the following would the nurse be likely to include as an effect? A) Increased blood flow to the area B) Increased pressure on nociceptive fibers C) Possible release of endogenous opioids D) Altered capillary permeability

B) Increased pressure on nociceptive fibers

A group of nursing students are reviewing the six links in the chain of infection and the nursing implications for each. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which precaution as helping to break the chain of infection to the susceptible host? A) Keeping linens dry and clean B) Maintaining skin integrity C) Washing hands frequently D) Coughing into a handkerchief

B) Maintaining skin integrity

The school nurse knows that dating is a milestone for adolescents. Which of the following statements accurately describes a trend in teen dating? A) Most late adolescents spend more time in activities with mixed-sex groups, such as dances and parties, than they do dating as a couple. B) Most teens have been involved in at least one romantic relationship by middle adolescence. C) Teens that date frequently report slightly lower levels of self-esteem and decreased autonomy. D) Homosexual behavior as a teen usually indicates that the adolescent will maintain a homosexual orientation.

B) Most teens have been involved in at least one romantic relationship by middle adolescence.

The nurse is explaining the difference between active and passive immunity to the student nurse. Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of the process of immunity? A) Active immunity is produced when the immunoglobulins of one person are transferred to another. B) Passive immunity can be obtained by injection of exogenous immunoglobulins. C) Active immunity can be transferred from mothers to infants via colostrum or the placenta. D) Passive immunity is acquired when a person's own immune system generates the immune response.

B) Passive immunity can be obtained by injection of exogenous immunoglobulins

A nurse is conducting a health history for a 1-month-old with an infectious disorder. Which segment of the health history would be most helpful for the nurse when determining if the infant developed the infection from the mother? A) Family history B) Past medical history C) Home treatments D) Present illness history

B) Past medical history

When providing anticipatory guidance to a group of parents with school-aged children, which of the following would the nurse describe as the most important aspect of social interaction? A) School B) Peer relationships C) Family D) Temperament

B) Peer relationships

A pregnant woman diagnosed with syphilis comes to the clinic for a visit. The nurse discusses the risk of transmitting the infection to her newborn, explaining that this infection is transmitted to the newborn through which of the following? A) Amniotic fluid B) Placenta C) Birth canal D) Breast milk

B) Placenta

The nurse is counseling parents of a picky eater on how to promote healthy eating habits in their child. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate advice? A) Allow the child to pick out his or her own foods for meals. B) Present the food matter-of-factly and allow the child to choose what to eat. C) Offer high-fat snacks if the child does not eat to get him or her to eat something. D) Offer the child a special treat if he or she eats all the food on the plate.

B) Present the food matter-of-factly and allow the child to choose what to eat

The nurse is counseling the mother of a newborn who is concerned about her baby's constant crying. What teaching would be appropriate for this mother? A) Carrying the baby may increase the length of crying. B) Reducing stimulation may decrease the length of crying. C) Using vibration, white noise, or swaddling may increase crying. D) Using a swing or car ride may increase the incidence of crying episodes.

B) Reducing stimulation may decrease the length of crying.

The pediatric nurse is aware of the maturation of organ systems in the school-age child. Which of the following accurately describe these changes? Select all answers that apply. A) The brain grows very slowly during the school-age years and growth is complete by the time the child is 12 years of age. B) Respiratory rates decrease, abdominal breathing disappears, and respirations become diaphragmatic in nature. C) The school-age child's blood pressure increases and the pulse rate decreases, and the heart grows more slowly during the middle years. D) The school-age child experiences more gastrointestinal upsets compared with earlier years since the stomach capacity increases. E) Bladder capacity increases, but varies among individual children, and girls generally have a greater bladder capacity than boys. F) Prepubescence typically occurs in the 2 years before the beginning of puberty and is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

B) Respiratory rates decrease, abdominal breathing disappears, and respirations become diaphragmatic in nature. C) The school-age child's blood pressure increases and the pulse rate decreases, and the heart grows more slowly during the middle years. E) Bladder capacity increases, but varies among individual children, and girls generally have a greater bladder capacity than boys. F) Prepubescence typically occurs in the 2 years before the beginning of puberty and is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance for parents of a school-age child on teaching the dangers of drugs and alcohol. Which of the following advice might be helpful for these parents? A) School-age children are not ready to absorb information that deals with drugs and alcohol. B) School-age children can think critically to interpret messages seen in advertising, media, and sports. C) Parents must prevent their child from being exposed to messages that are in conflict with their values. D) Discussions with children need to be based on facts and focused on the past and future.

B) School-age children can think critically to interpret messages seen in advertising, media, and sports.

The nurse is performing a risk assessment of a 5-year-old and determines the child has a risk factor for cystic fibrosis. What type of screening would the nurse perform to confirm or rule out this disease? A) Universal screening B) Selective screening C) Hyperlipidemia screening D) Developmental screening

B) Selective screening

The nurse knows that barriers to the adolescent's health and successful achievement of the tasks of adolescence exist. Which of the following is the major barrier to health for this population? A) Cultural B) Socioeconomic C) Marital status D) Racial

B) Socioeconomic

Which reflex, if found in a 4-month-old infant, would cause the nurse to be concerned? A) Plantar grasp B) Step C) Babinski D) Neck righting

B) Step

When preparing to administer the polio vaccine to an infant, the nurse would expect to administer the vaccine by which route? A) Intramuscular B) Subcutaneous C) Oral D) Intradermal

B) Subcutaneous

The nurse is caring for a 4-week-old girl and her mother. Which of the following is the most appropriate subject for anticipatory guidance? A) Promoting the digestibility of breast milk B) Telling how and when to introduce rice cereal C) Describing root reflex and latching on D) Advising how to choose a good formula

B) Telling how and when to introduce rice cereal

The nurse is assessing a 4-month-old boy during a scheduled visit. Which of the following findings might suggest a developmental problem? A) The child does not coo or gurgle. B) The child does not babble or laugh. C) The child never squeals or yells. D) The child does not say dada or mama.

B) The child does not babble or laugh.

The nurse is performing a physical examination of an 11-year-old girl. Which of the following observations would be expected? A) The child has not gained weight since last year. B) The child has grown 3 inches since last year. C) The child breathes abdominally. D) The child's third molars are about to erupt.

B) The child has grown 3 inches since last year

The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old boy who has missed some developmental milestones. Which finding will point to the cause of motor skill delays? A) The mother is suffering from depression. B) The child is homeless and has no toys. C) The mother describes an inadequate diet. D) The child is unperturbed by a loud noise.

B) The child is homeless and has no toys.

The nurse is observing a 24-month-old boy in a day care center. Which finding suggests delayed motor development? A) The child has trouble undressing himself. B) The child is unable to push a toy lawnmower. C) The child is unable to unscrew a jar lid. D) The child falls when he bends over.

B) The child is unable to push a toy lawnmower.

The nurse is teaching a new mother about the development of sensory skills in her newborn. Which of the following would alert the mother to a sensory deficit in her child? A) The newborn's eyes wander and occasionally are crossed. B) The newborn does not respond to a loud noise. C) The newborn's eyes focus on near objects. D) The newborn becomes more alert with stroking when drowsy.

B) The newborn does not respond to a loud noise.

The nurse strives to provide culturally competent care for children in a health clinic that follows the principles of health supervision. Which of the following nursing actions reflects this type of care? A) The nurse treats all children the same regardless of their culture. B) The nurse negotiates a care plan with the child and family. C) The nurse researches the child's culture and provides care based on the findings. D) The nurse provides future-based care for culturally diverse children.

B) The nurse negotiates a care plan with the child and family

The nurse is caring for a child who is complaining of chronic pain. Which of the following is the priority nursing assessment? A) How the pain impacts the child's and family's stress level B) The pain's history, onset, intensity, duration, and location C) The child's and parents' feeling of anxiety and depression D) The child's cognitive level and emotional response

B) The pain's history, onset, intensity, duration, and location

After assessing a 10-year-old girl, the nurse documents the appearance of breast buds, identifying this as which of the following? A) Menarche B) Thelarche C) Puberty D) Tanner stage 5

B) Thelarche

When the nurse is assessing a child's pain, which of the following is most important? A) Obtaining a pain rating from the child with each assessment B) Using the same tool to assess the child's pain each time C) Documenting the child's pain assessment D) Asking the parents about the child's pain tolerance

B) Using the same tool to assess the child's pain each time

The nurse is preparing a presentation to a local parent group about pediatric health supervision. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize as the focus? A) Injury prevention B) Wellness C) Health maintenance D) Developmental surveillance

B) Wellness

The nurse is teaching the student nurse the physiology involved in pain transmission. Which of the following statements accurately describes a physiologic event in the nervous system related to pain transmission? Select all answers that apply. A) Thermal stimulation may involve the release of mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, or bradykinin. B) When nociceptors are activated by noxious stimuli, the stimuli are converted to electrical impulses that are relayed to the spinal cord and brain. C) Myelinated A-delta fibers are large fibers that conduct the impulse at very rapid rates; unmyelinated small C fibers transmit the impulse slowly. D) Once in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the nerve fibers divide and then cross to the opposite side and rise upward to the thalamus. E) The point at which the person first feels the highest intensity of the painful stimulus is termed the pain threshold. F) Peripheral sensitization allows the nerve fibers to react to a stimulus that is of lower intensity than would be needed to cause pain.

B) When nociceptors are activated by noxious stimuli, the stimuli are converted to electrical impulses that are relayed to the spinal cord and brain. C) Myelinated A-delta fibers are large fibers that conduct the impulse at very rapid rates; unmyelinated small C fibers transmit the impulse slowly. D) Once in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the nerve fibers divide and then cross to the opposite side and rise upward to the thalamus.. F) Peripheral sensitization allows the nerve fibers to react to a stimulus that is of lower intensity than would be needed to cause pain

The parents of a preschooler ask the nurse to help them choose a preschool for their child. Which of the following are recommended guidelines and goals for choosing a preschool? Select all answers that apply. A) The main goal of preschool is to improve reading and writing skills and readiness for entering into grade school. B) When selecting a preschool the parent may want to consider the accreditation of the school and the teachers' qualifications. C) The teachers should decide how focused on curriculum the school should be for each individual student. D) The parent should observe the classroom, evaluating the environment, noise level, and sanitary practices. E) The type of discipline used in the school is also an important factor. Parents should choose a preschool that uses corporal punishment. F) The parent should observe the classroom to determine how the children interact with each other and how the teachers interact with the children.

B) When selecting a preschool the parent may want to consider the accreditation of the school and the teachers' qualifications. D) The parent should observe the classroom, evaluating the environment, noise level, and sanitary practices. F) The parent should observe the classroom to determine how the children interact with each other and how the teachers interact with the children.

After teaching the mother about follow-up immunizations for her daughter, who received the varicella vaccine at age 14 months, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the mother states that a follow-up dose should be given at which time? A) When the child is 20 to 36 months of age B) When the child is 4 to 6 years of age C) When the child is 11 to 12 years of age D) When the child is 13 to 15 years of age

B) When the child is 4 to 6 years of age

Which food suggestion would be most appropriate for the mother of a preschooler to ensure an adequate intake of calcium? A) Spinach B) White beans C) Enriched bread D) Fortified cereal

B) White beans

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old girl. The mother says that the girl is afraid of cats and dogs and does not like to go to the playground anymore because she wants to avoid the dogs that are often being walked at the park. What should the nurse tell the mother? A) "It is best to avoid the playground until she outgrows the fear." B) "She needs to face her fears head-on; take her to the park as much as possible." C) "Acknowledge her fear and help her develop a strategy for dealing with it." D) "Try to minimize her fears and insist that she go to the park."

C) "Acknowledge her fear and help her develop a strategy for dealing with it."

The nurse is assessing the gross motor skills of an 8-year-old boy. Which of the following interview questions would facilitate this assessment? A) "Do you like to do puzzles?" B) "Do play any instruments?" C) "Do you participate in any sports?" D) "Do you like to construct models?"

C) "Do you participate in any sports?"

A nurse is providing teaching to the mother of an adolescent girl about how to manage menstrual pain nonpharmacologically. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates a need for further teaching? A) "I need to help her learn techniques to distract her, card games, for example." B) "I need to be able to identify the subtle ways she shows pain." C) "I need to follow these instructions exactly for them to work properly." D) "I need to encourage her to practice and utilize these techniques."

C) "I need to follow these instructions exactly for them to work properly."

The nurse is teaching an 8-year-old child and his family how to manage cancer pain using nonpharmacologic methods. Which of the following parent statements signifies successful child teaching? A) "I will avoid using descriptive words like pinching, pulling, or heat." B) "I will not use positive reinforcement until the technique is perfected." C) "I will begin using the technique before he experiences pain." D) "I will be honest and tell him that the procedure will hurt a lot."

C) "I will begin using the technique before he experiences pain."

A nurse is instructing a parent on how to obtain a stool culture for ova and parasites from a child with diarrhea. Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan? A) "Give the child bismuth and then collect the next specimen." B) "Obtain the specimen from the toilet after the child has a bowel movement." C) "Keep the specimen from coming into contact with any urine." D) "Bring the specimen to the laboratory on the third day."

C) "Keep the specimen from coming into contact with any urine."

Which of the following would be most important to include in the teaching plan for parents of a child with pinworm? A) "Seal the child's clothing in a plastic bag for at least 10 days." B) "Be sure your child wears shoes at all times." C) "Make sure the child washes his hands after using the bathroom." D) "After applying this special cream, leave it on for about 8 to 10 hours."

C) "Make sure the child washes his hands after using the bathroom.

While obtaining a health history from a male adolescent during a well check-up, the nurse assesses his sexual behavior and risk for sexually transmitted infections. Based on the information, the nurse plans to teach the adolescent about using a condom. Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan? A) "You can reuse a condom if it's within 3 hours." B) "Store your condoms in your wallet so they are ready for use." C) "Put the condom on before engaging in any genital contact." D) "Use Vaseline with a latex condom for extra lubrication."

C) "Put the condom on before engaging in any genital contact."

During the health history, the mother of a 4-month-old child tells the nurse she is concerned that her baby is not doing what he should be at this age. What is the nurse's best response? A) "I'll be able to tell you more after I do his physical." B) "Fill out the questionnaire and then I can let you know." C) "Tell me what concerns you." D) "All mothers worry about their babies. I'm sure he's doing well."

C) "Tell me what concerns you."

During a health maintenance visit, a 15-year-old girl mentions that she is not happy with how overweight she is. Which of the following approaches is best for the nurse to take? A) "Good observation. Let's talk about diet and exercise." B) "Don't worry; you are within the weight and height guidelines." C) "What specifically have you been noticing?" D) "Tell me about your parents. Are they overweight?"

C) "What specifically have you been noticing?"

The nurse is using the formula for bladder capacity to measure the bladder capacity of a 9-year-old girl. What number would the nurse document for this measurement? A) 9 ounces B) 10 ounces C) 11 ounces D) 12 ounces

C) 11 ounces

The nurse is preparing a child for a lumbar puncture. How far ahead of the procedure should the nurse apply the EMLA cream? A) 30 minutes B) 1 hour C) 3 hours D) 4 hours

C) 3 hours

The nurse measures the head circumference of a 6-month-old infant. Which measurement would the nurse interpret as most appropriate? A) 33 cm B) 35 cm C) 43.5 cm D) 47 cm

C) 43.5 cm

The nurse is providing care for children in a pediatric medical home. Which of the following is a characteristic of care in these types of facilities? A) All insurance except Medicaid is accepted. B) Ambulatory care is not provided C) A centralized database contains all child information. D) Continuity of care is provided from infancy through adulthood.

C) A centralized database contains all child information

The nurse is administering pain medication for a child with continuous pain from internal injuries. Which of the following methods would be ordered to dispense the medication? A) Administer the medication PRN (as needed). B) Administer the mediation when pain has peaked. C) Administer the medication around the clock at timed intervals. D) Administer the medication when the child complains of pain.

C) Administer the medication around the clock at timed intervals.

The nurse is performing a vision screening for a 4-year-old child. Which of the following screening charts would be best for determining the child's visual acuity? A) Snellen B) Ishihara C) Allen figures D) Color Vision Testing Made Easy (CVTME)

C) Allen figures

The nurse is performing risk assessments on adolescents in the school setting. Which one of the following teens should the nurse screen for hypertension? A) An Asian female B) A white male C) An African American male D) A Jewish male

C) An African American male

The nurse is assessing a 12-month-old boy with an English-speaking father and a Spanish-speaking mother. The boy does not say mama or dada yet. Which of the following is the priority intervention? A) Performing a developmental evaluation of the child B) Encouraging the parents to speak English to the child C) Asking the mother if the child uses Spanish words D) Referring the child to a developmental specialist

C) Asking the mother if the child uses Spanish words

The nurse is teaching a new mother the proper techniques for breastfeeding her newborn. Which of the following is a recommended guideline that should be implemented? A) Wash the hands and breasts thoroughly prior to breastfeeding. B) Stroke the nipple against the baby's chin to stimulate wide opening of the baby's mouth. C) Bring the baby's wide-open mouth to the breast to form a seal around all of the nipple and areola. D) When finished the mother can break the suction by firmly pulling the baby's mouth away from the nipple.

C) Bring the baby's wide-open mouth to the breast to form a seal around all of the nipple and areola.

Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in an 18-month-old? A) Standing on tiptoes B) Pedaling a tricycle C) Climbing stairs with assistance D) Carrying a large toy while walking

C) Climbing stairs with assistance

When describing the various changes that occur in organ systems during adolescence, which of the following would the nurse include? A) Significant increase in brain size B) Ossification completed later in girls C) Decrease in heart rate D) Decrease in activity of sebaceous glands

C) Decrease in heart rate

The nurse is teaching parents interventions appropriate to the emotional development of their toddlers. Which of the following is a recommended intervention for this age group? A) Remove children's security blankets at this stage to help them assert their autonomy. B) Distract toddlers from exploring their own body parts, particularly their genitals. C) Do not blame toddlers for aggressive behavior; instead, point out the results of their behavior. D) Offer toddlers many choices to foster control over their environment.

C) Do not blame toddlers for aggressive behavior; instead, point out the results of their behavior.

The nurse is assessing the motor skills of a 5-year-old girl. Which finding would cause the nurse to be concerned? A) Can copy a square on another piece of paper B) Can dress and undress herself without help C) Draws a person with three body parts D) Is beginning to tie her own shoelaces

C) Draws a person with three body parts

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for the mother of a 4-year-old girl with cold and fever. Which of the following would the nurse include in this teaching plan? A) Keeping the child covered and warm B) Calling the doctor if the child's fever lasts more than 36 hours C) Ensuring fluid intake to prevent dehydration D) Observing for changes in alertness resulting from brain damage

C) Ensuring fluid intake to prevent dehydration

The nurse is counseling the parents of a 10-year-old child who was caught stealing at school. Which of the following topics should the nurse cover? A) Having the child return the property in front of his or her class B) Discussing ways for the child to save face C) Finding out what is currently going on at home D) Reminding the child daily that stealing is wrong

C) Finding out what is currently going on at home

The nurse is screening a 6-year-old child for mental ability. Which of the following tests would the nurse use to assess intelligence? A) Denver Articulation Screening B) Denver PRQ C) Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test D) Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS.

C) Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test

The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old boy's development during a well-child visit. Which response by the child indicates the need for further assessment? A) He says a swear word when he hurts himself playing. B) He says "pew" when his sister has soiled her diaper. C) He laughs when his brother cries getting vaccinated. D) He constantly asks "why?" whenever he is told a fact.

C) He laughs when his brother cries getting vaccinated.

The nurse is caring for a neonate who is suspected of having sepsis. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse interpret as most indicative of sepsis? A) Rash on face B) Edematous neck C) Hypothermia D) Coughing

C) Hypothermia

The nurse has seen a 15-year-old girl and a 16-year-old boy during health surveillance visits. Which of the following physical characteristics would be seen in both teenagers? A) Decreased respiratory rates of 15 to 20 breaths per minute B) Eruption of last four molars C) Increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths D) Fully functioning sweat and sebaceous glands

C) Increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths

The nurse has determined that an 8-year-old girl is at risk for being overweight. Which of the following interventions would be a priority prior to developing the care plan? A) Determining the need for additional caloric intake B) Asking the parents who they want to work with the child C) Interviewing the parents about their eating habits D) Discussing the influence of peers on the child's diet

C) Interviewing the parents about their eating habits

The nurse is performing a health assessment of a 3-month-old Black American boy. For what condition should this infant be monitored based on his race? A) Jaundice B) Iron deficiency C) Lactose intolerance D) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

C) Lactose intolerance

The nurse has applied EMLA cream as ordered. How does the nurse assess that the cream has achieved its purpose? A) Assess the skin for redness. B) Note any blanching of skin. C) Lightly tap the area where the cream is. D) Gently poke the child with a needle.

C) Lightly tap the area where the cream is

The nurse is discussing ways to promote discipline with parents who are becoming increasingly frustrated with their teenager. Which of the following would the nurse identify as most important? A) Establish rules and expectations. B) Collaborate to determine consequence. C) Make your responses consistent. D) Explain the rules to the adolescent.

C) Make your responses consistent

The nurse is caring for children in a physician's office where health supervision is practiced. Which of the following is a key focus of health supervision? Select all answers that apply. A) Making referrals for all health care needs B) Monitoring disease incidence C) Optimizing level of functioning D) Monitoring quality of care provided E) Teaching parents to prevent injury F) Providing care developed from national guidelines

C) Optimizing level of functioning E) Teaching parents to prevent injury F) Providing care developed from national guidelines

The nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing pain related to chemotherapy treatment. Which of the following is a behavioral factor that might affect the child's pain experience? A) Knowledge of the therapy B) Fear about the outcome of therapy C) Participation in normal routine activities D) Ability to identify pain triggers

C) Participation in normal routine activities

The school nurse is performing health assessments on students in middle school. Of which of the following developmental milestones should the nurse be aware? A) Height in girls increases rapidly after menarche and usually ceases immediately after menarche. B) Boys' growth spurt usually begins between the ages of 8 and 14 years and ends between the ages of 131/2 and 171/2 years. C) Peak height velocity (PHV) occurs at approximately 12 years of age in girls or about 6 to 12 months after menarche. D) Boys reach PHV and peak weight velocity (PWV) at about 16 years of age.

C) Peak height velocity (PHV) occurs at approximately 12 years of age in girls or about 6 to 12 months after menarche.

The nurse is providing suggestions to a female adolescent about foods to help meet her nutritional requirements for iron. Which food would the nurse suggest as a good source of iron? A) Broccoli B) Yogurt C) Peanut butter D) White beans

C) Peanut butter

The nurse is promoting learning and school attendance to an 11-year-old girl. Which of the following factors will affect the child's attitude most? A) Her parents' values and desires B) The dramatic changes to her body C) Peer group behaviors and attitudes D) Desire for attention from boys

C) Peer group behaviors and attitudes

A child is diagnosed with scarlet fever. The nurse is reviewing the child's medical record, expecting which medication to be prescribed for this child? A) Ibuprofen B) Acyclovir C) Penicillin V D) Doxycycline

C) Penicillin V

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother to help promote healthy sleep for her 3-week old baby. Which of the following recommended guidelines might be included in the teaching plan? A) Place the baby on a soft mattress with a firm flat pillow for the head. B) Place the head of the bed near the window to provide fresh air, weather permitting. C) Place the baby on his or her back when sleeping. D) If the baby sleeps through the night, wake him or her up for the night feeding.

C) Place the baby on his or her back when sleeping.

The nurse is helping a new mother prepare for breastfeeding her infant. During which of the following newborn states of consciousness would the nurse recommended attempting the feeding? A) Light sleep B) Drowsiness C) Quiet alert state D) Active alert state

C) Quiet alert state

The nurse is performing a physical examination on a 9-year-old boy who has experienced a tick bite on his lower leg and is suspected of having Lyme disease. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to find? A) Swelling in the neck B) Confusion and anxiety C) Ring-like rash on lower leg D) Hypersalivation

C) Ring-like rash on lower leg

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about childhood infectious diseases. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify which of the following as a common childhood exanthema? A) Mumps B) Rabies C) Rubella D) West Nile virus

C) Rubella

A school-aged child with an infectious disease is placed on transmission-based precautions. Which nursing diagnosis would most likely be a priority? A) Impaired skin integrity related to trauma secondary to pruritus and scratching B) Fluid volume deficit related to increased metabolic demands and insensible losses C) Social isolation related to infectivity and inability to go to the playroom D) Deficient knowledge related to how infection is transmitted

C) Social isolation related to infectivity and inability to go to the playroom

The pediatric nurse is planning quiet activities for hospitalized 18-month-olds. Which of the following would be an appropriate activity for this age group? A) Painting by number B) Putting shapes into appropriate holes C) Stacking blocks D) Using crayons to color in a coloring book

C) Stacking blocks

The nurse is providing guidance after observing a mother interact with her negative 2- year-old boy. For which interaction will the nurse advise the mother that she is handling the negativism properly? A) Telling the child to stop tearing pages from magazines B) Asking the child if he would please quit throwing toys C) Telling the child firmly that we don't scream in the office D) Saying, "Please come over here and sit in this chair. OK?"

C) Telling the child firmly that we don't scream in the office

The nurse is supervising lunch time for children on a pediatric ward. Which of the following observations is considered abnormal for this age group? A) The child has a full set of primary teeth. B) The child has no difficulty chewing and swallowing meat. C) The child uses his fingers and refuses to use a fork. D) The child is a picky eater.

C) The child uses his fingers and refuses to use a fork

The nurse is examining a 10-month-old boy who was born 10 weeks early. Which of the following findings is cause for concern? A) The child has doubled his birthweight. B) The child exhibits plantar grasp reflex. C) The child's head circumference is 19.5 inches. D) No primary teeth have erupted yet.

C) The child's head circumference is 19.5 inches

The nurse is teaching parents to plan nutritional meals for their son who is overweight. Which of the following guidelines might the nurse include in the teaching plan? A) School-age children with an average body weight of 20 to 35 kg need approximately 90 calories per kilogram daily. B) The average water requirement for a school-age child per 24 hours ranges from 2,000 to 2,500 mL per day. C) The school-age child needs 28 g of protein and 800 mg of calcium for maintenance of growth and good nutrition. D) In the school-age child, calories needed to sustain weight increase, while the appetite decreases.

C) The school-age child needs 28 g of protein and 800 mg of calcium for maintenance of growth and good nutrition

The nurse is testing the sensory development of a toddler brought to the clinic for a well visit. Which of the following might alert the nurse to a potential problem with the child's sensory development? A) The toddler places the nurse's stethoscope in his mouth. B) The toddler's vision tests at 20/50 in both eyes C) The toddler does not respond to commands whispered in his ear. D) The toddler's taste discrimination is not at adult levels yet.

C) The toddler does not respond to commands whispered in his ear.

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 3-year-old girl. Which of the following would be a concern for the nurse? A) The toddler gained 4 pounds in weight since last year. B) The toddler gained 3 inches in height since last year. C) The toddler's anterior fontanel is not fully closed. D) The circumference of the child's head increased 1 inch since last year.

C) The toddler's anterior fontanel is not fully closed

The parents of a preschooler express concern to the nurse about their son's new habit of masturbating. Which of the following is an appropriate response to this concern? A) Tell the child in a firm manner that this behavior is not acceptable. B) When the child displays this behavior, place him in a "time-out." C) Treat the action in a matter-of-fact manner emphasizing safety. D) Consult a psychotherapist to determine the reason for this behavior.

C) Treat the action in a matter-of-fact manner emphasizing safety.

During a well-child check-up, the parents of a 9-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son's friends told him that soccer is a stupid game, and now he wants to play baseball. Which comment by the nurse best explains the effects of peer groups? A) "The child's best friends will continue playing soccer." B) "The children will cheer for each other regardless of the sport being played." C) "Your child will rarely talk to you about his friends." D) "Acceptance by friends, especially of the same sex, is very important at this age."

D) "Acceptance by friends, especially of the same sex, is very important at this age."

The nurse is counseling the parents of a 9-year-old boy who is receiving morphine for postoperative pain. Which of the following statements from the nurse accurately reflects the pain experience in children? A) "You can expect that your child will tell you when he is experiencing pain." B) "Your child will learn to adapt to the pain he is experiencing." C) "Your child will experience more adverse effects to narcotics than adults." D) "It is very rare that children become addicted to narcotics."

D) "It is very rare that children become addicted to narcotics.

The nurse is promoting nutrition to a 13-year-old boy who is overweight. Which of the following comments should the nurse expect to include in the discussion? A) "You need to go on a low-fat diet." B) "Eat what your parents eat." C) "Go out for a sport at school." D) "Keep a food diary."

D) "Keep a food diary."

A mother is concerned about her infant's spitting up. Which suggestion would be most appropriate? A) "Put the infant in an infant seat after eating." B) "Limit burping to once during a feeding." C) "Feed the same amount but space out the feedings." D) "Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterward."

D) "Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterward."

The nurse is providing teaching about car safety to the parents of a 5-year-old girl who weighs 45 pounds. What should the nurse instruct the parents to do? A) "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the front seat." B) "Place her in the back seat with the lap and shoulder belts in place." C) "Place her in a forward-facing car seat with a harness and top tether." D) "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat."

D) "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat."

A mother calls the school nurse and is concerned because her 13-year-old daughter's friends wear heavy makeup and black clothes. Which of the following is the best advice for the mother? A) "This can lead to piercings and tattoos." B) "The teen years are a time for experimenting." C) "Encourage her to socialize with the kids at church." D) "Teen appearance might not accurately reflect their actual values."

D) "Teen appearance might not accurately reflect their actual values."

The mother of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that her son occasionally wets his pants during the day. How should the nurse respond? A) "Is there a family history of diabetes?" B) "Suddenly having accidents can be a sign of diabetes." C) "That's normal; don't worry about it." D) "Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs."

D) "Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs.

The mother of a 15-month-old child is questioning the nurse about the need for the hepatitis B vaccination. Which of the following comments provides the most compelling reason for the vaccine? A) "The most common side effect is injection site soreness." B) "This is a recombinant or genetically engineered vaccine." C) "Immunizations are needed to protect the general population." D) "This protects your child from infection that can cause liver disease."

D) "This protects your child from infection that can cause liver disease."

The nurse is providing instructions to a mother on how to use thought stopping to help her child deal with anxiety and fear associated with frequent painful injections. Which of the following statements indicates the mother understands the technique? A) "We will imagine that we are on the beach in Florida." B) "We can talk about our favorite funny movie and laugh." C) "She can let her body parts go limp, working from head to toe." D) "We'll repeat 'quick stick, feel better, go home soon' several times."

D) "We'll repeat 'quick stick, feel better, go home soon' several times.

The nurse is assessing the tympanic temperature of several children. The nurse documents that the child with which temperature reading has a fever? A) 99.5°F B) 99.2°F C) 100.0°F D) 100.8°F

D) 100.8°F

The neonatal nurse assesses newborns for iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following newborns is at highest risk for this disorder? A) A postterm newborn B) A term newborn with jaundice C) A newborn born to a diabetic mother D) A premature newborn

D) A premature newborn

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for toddler safety to present at a parenting seminar. Which of the following are safety interventions that the nurse should address? A) Encourage parents to enroll toddlers in swimming classes to avoid the need for constant supervision around water. B) Advise parents to keep pot handles on stoves turned outward to avoid accidental burns. C) Encourage parents to smoke only in designated rooms in the house or outside the house. D) Advise parents to use a forward-facing car seat with harness straps and a clip, placed in the backseat of the car.

D) Advise parents to use a forward-facing car seat with harness straps and a clip, placed in the backseat of the car.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of an 18-month-old girl. Which guidance will be most helpful for toilet teaching? A) Telling them either one may demonstrate toilet use B) Assuring them that bladder control occurs first C) Telling them that curiosity is a sure sign of readiness D) Advising them to use praise, not scolding

D) Advising them to use praise, not scolding

After teaching the parents of a child with varicella zoster, the nurse determines that the parents have understood the teaching when they state that their child can return to school at which time? A) After day 5 of the rash B) When the rash is completely healed C) Once the rash appears D) After the lesions have crusted

D) After the lesions have crusted

Which activity would the nurse least likely include as exemplifying the preconceptual phase of Piaget's preoperational stage? A) Displays of animism B) Use of active imaginations C) Understanding of opposites D) Beginning questioning of parents' values

D) Beginning questioning of parents' values

The adolescent continues to develop self-concept and self-esteem. Which of the following is most important to a teen's self-esteem? A) Strong authority figures B) Spirituality C) Morals and values D) Body image

D) Body image

The school nurse is teaching parents about the effects of bullying on school children. Which of the following accurately describes this developmental concern? A) Children who bully are those who report themselves as being lonely and having difficulty in forming friendships. B) Children who are bullied are reported to have low self-esteem, poor grades, and poor interpersonal skills. C) In general, about 20% of all children attending school are frightened and afraid most of the day. D) Both boys and girls are bullied; boys usually bully boys and use force more often.

D) Both boys and girls are bullied; boys usually bully boys and use force more often.

A 15-month-old girl is having her first health visit at a clinic. The mother has no immunization record but says the child was immunized 3 months ago at the local health department. Which of the following is the best action for the nurse to take? A) Ask the mother to bring the records to the next health maintenance visit. B) Start the catch-up schedule since there are no immunization records. C) Keep the child at the facility while the mother returns home for the records. D) Call the local health department and verify the child's immunization status.

D) Call the local health department and verify the child's immunization status.

A 3-year-old child is scheduled for a hearing screening. The nurse would prepare the child for screening by which method? A) Auditory brain stem response B) Evoked otoacoustic emissions C) Visual reinforcement audiometry D) Conditioned play audiometry

D) Conditioned play audiometry

The nurse is conducting an assessment of a high school track athlete. He tells the nurse he is experiencing pain along his outer thigh. He describes it as tight, achy, and tender, particularly after he runs. The nurse understands that he is most likely experiencing what kind of pain? A) Cutaneous B) Neuropathic C) Visceral D) Deep somatic

D) Deep somatic

The nurse is promoting a healthy diet to guide a mother when feeding her 2-week-old girl. Which of the following is the most effective anticipatory guidance? A) Encouraging breastfeeding until the sixth month B) Advocating iron supplements with bottle-feeding C) Advising fluid intake per feeding of 5 or 6 ounces D) Discouraging the addition of fruit juice to the diet

D) Discouraging the addition of fruit juice to the diet

A 6-month-old girl weighs 14.7 pounds during a scheduled check-up. Her birth weight was 8 pounds. Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention? A) Talking about solid food consumption B) Discouraging daily fruit juice intake C) Increasing the number of breastfeedings D) Discussing the child's feeding patterns

D) Discussing the child's feeding patterns

The nurse is providing discharge teaching regarding formula preparation for a new mother. Which of the following guidelines would the nurse include in the teaching plan? A) Always wash bottles and nipples in hot soapy water and rinse well; do not wash them in the dishwasher. B) Store tightly covered ready-to-feed formula can after opening in refrigerator for up to 24 hours. C) Warm bottle of formula by placing bottle in a container of hot water, or microwaving formula. D) Do not add cereal to the formula in the bottle or sweeten the formula with honey.

D) Do not add cereal to the formula in the bottle or sweeten the formula with honey.

A woman gives birth to a healthy newborn. As part of the newborn's care, the nurse instills erythromycin ophthalmic ointment as a preventive measure for which sexually transmitted infection (STI)? A) Genital herpes B) Hepatitis B C) Syphilis D) Gonorrhea

D) Gonorrhea

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old girl how to deal with common toddler situations. Which is the best advice? A) Discipline the child for regressive behavior. B) Scold the child for public thumb sucking. C) Tell the older sibling to not act like a baby. D) Have the child help clean up a bowel accident.

D) Have the child help clean up a bowel accident.

The nurse is caring for a toddler who is in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. Which of the following tasks would the nurse expect the toddler to be able to perform? A) Completing puzzles with four pieces B) Winding up a mechanical toy C) Playing make-believe with dolls D) Knowing which are his or her toys

D) Knowing which are his or her toys

The school nurse is planning to teach a segment on smoking during the freshman health classes. The nurse is aware that this needs to be a forum rather than a lecture. Which of the following techniques will also help deliver a "don't smoke" message? A) Showing a command of the facts on smoking B) Speaking with a tone of authority C) Keeping your personal experiences out of it D) Listening to all comments nonjudgmentally

D) Listening to all comments nonjudgmentally

Pentazocine is prescribed for a child with moderate pain. The nurse identifies this drug as an example of which type? A) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID B) Prostaglandin inhibitor C) Opioid D) Mixed opioid agonist-antagonist

D) Mixed opioid agonist-antagonist

The nurse is designing a nursing care plan for a toddler with lymphoma, who is hospitalized for treatment. Which of the following is a priority intervention that the nurse should include in this child's nursing plan? A) Limiting visitors to scheduled visiting hours B) Planning physical therapy for the child C) Introducing the toddler to other toddlers in the unit D) Monitoring the toddler for developmental delays

D) Monitoring the toddler for developmental delays

Which tool would be the least appropriate scale for the nurse to use when assessing a 4- year-old child's pain? A) FACES pain rating scale B) Oucher pain rating scale C) Poker chip tool D) Numeric pain intensity scale

D) Numeric pain intensity scale

The nurse is conducting a pain assessment of a 10-year-old boy who has been taking acetaminophen for chronic knee pain. The assessment indicates that the recommended dose is no longer providing adequate relief. What is the appropriate nursing action? A) Increase the dosage of the acetaminophen. B) Tell the child he is experiencing the ceiling effect. C) Use guided imagery to help his pain. D) Obtain an order for a different medication.

D) Obtain an order for a different medication.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to an obese teenager. Which of the following interventions would be most likely to promote healthy weight in teenagers? A) Make the focus of the program weight centered. B) Begin directly advising children about their weight at age 6. C) Focus physical activity on competitive sports and activities. D) Obtain nutritional histories directly from the school-age child and adolescent.

D) Obtain nutritional histories directly from the school-age child and adolescent

The nurse is performing an assessment of the reproductive system of a 17-year-old girl. Which of the following would alert the nurse to a developmental delay in this girl? A) Areola and papilla separate from the contour of the breast B) Mature distribution and coarseness of pubic hair C) Developed breast tissue D) Occurrence of first menstrual period

D) Occurrence of first menstrual period

The school nurse is preparing a talk on the influence of the media on school-age children to present at the next PTO meeting. Which of the following facts might the nurse include in the introduction? A) Children in the United States spend about 6 hours a day either watching TV or playing video games. B) A child will see 2,000 murders by the end of grade school and 20,000 commercials a year. C) A school-age child cannot determine what is real from what is fantasy; therefore, TV and video games can lead to aggressive behavior. D) Parents should limit television watching and video-game playing to 2 hours per day.

D) Parents should limit television watching and video-game playing to 2 hours per day.

A mother and her 4-week-old infant have arrived for a health maintenance visit. Which of the following activities will the nurse perform? A) Assess the child for an upper respiratory infection B) Take a health history for a minor injury C) Administer a varicella injection D) Plot the child's head circumference on a growth chart

D) Plot the child's head circumference on a growth chart

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a 5-year-old boy with chickenpox. Which of the following nursing interventions should be questioned? A) Administer antipyretics as ordered. B) Keep the child's fingernails short. C) Monitor fluid intake and output. D) Provide alcohol baths as needed.

D) Provide alcohol baths as needed.

Two working parents are discussing with the school nurse the possibility of their 12- year-old girl going home alone after school. Which of the following suggestions should the nurse make? A) Provide entertainment until the parents come home. B) Allow the child to go to a friend's house. C) Teach her how to take a message if someone calls. D) Purchase caller ID for the phone.

D) Purchase caller ID for the phone.

The nurse is administering a hepatitis B vaccine to a child. What is the classification of this type of vaccine? A) Killed vaccines B) Toxoid vaccines C) Conjugate vaccines D) Recombinant vaccines

D) Recombinant vaccines

The nurse is monitoring a child who has received epidural analgesia with morphine. The nurse is careful to monitor for which of the following adverse effects of the medication? A) Epidural hematoma B) Arachnoiditis C) Spinal headache D) Respiratory depression

D) Respiratory depression

The nurse is examining a 2-year-old child who was adopted from Guatemala. Which of the following would be a priority screening for this child? A) Screening for congenital defects B) Screening for abuse C) Screening for childhood illnesses D) Screening for infectious diseases

D) Screening for infectious diseases

The nurse is preparing a presentation for a local parent-teacher organization about the growth and development of school-age children. Which of the following would the nurse include? A) Boys mature much more quickly than girls of the same age during this time. B) From 6 to 12 years of age, children grow an average of 4 inches per year. C) The child's body size is in direct correlation with his or her maturity level. D) Secondary sex characteristics are often embarrassing for both sexes.

D) Secondary sex characteristics are often embarrassing for both sexes

The nurse uses the FLACC behavioral scale to assess a 6-year-old's level of postoperative pain and obtains a score of 9. The nurse interprets this to indicate that the child is experiencing: A) Little to no pain B) Mild pain C) Moderate pain D) Severe pain

D) Severe pain

The nurse is choosing foods for a toddler's diet that are high in vitamin A. Which of the following could be added to the menu? Select all answers that apply. A) Applesauce B) Avocados C) Broccoli D) Sweet potatoes E) Spinach F) Carrots

D) Sweet potatoes E) Spinach F) Carrots

The nurse is using the acronym QUESTT to assess the pain of a child. Which of the following is an accurate descriptor of this process? A) Question the child's parents. B) Understand the child's pain level. C) Establish a caring relationship with the child. D) Take the cause of pain into account when intervening.

D) Take the cause of pain into account when intervening.

The parents of an 8-year-old boy are interested in promoting learning through reading to their son. Which of the following suggestions by the nurse would best promote this goal? A) Have the parents choose what he should read initially. B) Tell the child to read instead of watching TV with his parents. C) Tell the parents that reading is for the child to do by himself. D) Take the child to the library to check out some books.

D) Take the child to the library to check out some books

The nurse is performing a cognitive assessment of a 2-year-old. Which of the following behaviors would alert the nurse to a developmental delay in this area? A) The child cannot say name, age, and gender. B) The child cannot follow a series of two independent commands. C) The child has a vocabulary of 40 to 50 words. D) The child does not point to named body parts.

D) The child does not point to named body parts

The nurse is developing a nursing care plan for a hospitalized 6-year-old. Which of the following behaviors would warrant nursing intervention? A) The child pretends he is talking to an imaginary friend when the nurse addresses the child. B) The child states that her fairy godmother is going to come and take her home. C) The child starts talking about his grandmother and then quickly changes the subject to a new toy he received. D) The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward.

D) The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward.

The school nurse knows that school-age children are developing metalinguistic awareness. Which of the following is an example of this skill? A) The child enjoys reading books. B) The child enjoys conversations with peers. C) The child enjoys speaking on the phone. D) The child enjoys telling jokes.

D) The child enjoys telling jokes.

The nurse of a preschool child is helping parents develop a healthy meal plan for their child. Which of the following nutritional requirements for this age group should the nurse consider? A) The 3- to 5-year-old requires 300 to 500 mg calcium and 10 mg iron daily. B) The 3-year-old should consume 10 mg dietary fiber daily. C) The 4- to 8-year-old requires 15 mg dietary fiber per day. D) The typical preschooler requires about 85 kcal/kg of body weight.

D) The typical preschooler requires about 85 kcal/kg of body weight.

The nurse emphasizes that a toddler younger than the age of 18 months should never be spanked primarily for which reason? A) Spanking in a child this age predisposes the child to a pro-violence attitude. B) The child will become resentful and angry, leading to more outbursts. C) Spanking demonstrates a poor model for problem-solving skills. D) There is an increased risk for physical injury in this age group.

D) There is an increased risk for physical injury in this age group.

While reviewing various studies about the use of antipyretics possibly prolonging illness, the nurse notes that there are benefits to their use for the child with fever. Which of the following would the nurse identify as the best explanation related to the benefit of antipyretics? A) They slow the growth of bacteria. B) They increase neutrophil production. C) They encourage T-cell proliferation. D) They help decrease fluid requirements.

D) They help decrease fluid requirements.

The nurse teaching safety to teens knows that which of the following is the leading cause of death among adolescents? A) Drowning B) Poisoning C) Diseases D) Unintentional injuries

D) Unintentional injuries

The nurse is preparing to obtain a blood specimen via capillary heel puncture. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to do? A) Apply a cool compress for several minutes before collection B) Elevate the extremity used after puncturing it C) Squeeze the area to facilitate specimen collection D) Wipe away the first drop of blood with dry gauze

D) Wipe away the first drop of blood with dry gauze

The mother of a 14-year-old girl complains to the nurse that her daughter is moody, shuts herself in her room, and fights with her younger sister. Which of the following comments is most valuable to the mother? A) "Calmly talk to her about your concerns." B) "This is normal for her age." C) "She may be hanging with a bad crowd." D) "Set some rules for family etiquette."

A) "Calmly talk to her about your concerns."

The parents of a 5-year-old have just found out that their child has head lice. Which statement by the parents would support the nursing diagnosis of deficient knowledge? A) "I can't believe it. We're not unclean, poor people." B) "We'll have to get that special shampoo." C) "Everybody in the house will need to be checked." D) "That explains his complaints of itching on his neck."

A) "I can't believe it. We're not unclean, poor people."

The nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a newborn prior to a heelstick. The nurse is describing the procedure and recommending various methods for the parents to help comfort their baby. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates a need for further teaching? A) "It's better if we are not in the room for this." B) "We can use kangaroo care before and after." C) "We hope you are using a very tiny needle." D) "We can offer him nonnutritive sucking to calm him."

A) "It's better if we are not in the room for this."

After teaching the parents of a 9-year-old girl about safety, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching? A) "She can ride in the front seat of the car once she is 10 years old." B) "We need to buy her a helmet so she can ride her scooter." C) "She should ride her bike with the traffic on the side of the road." D) "We signed her up for swim lesions at the local community center."

A) "She can ride in the front seat of the car once she is 10 years old."

During a health check-up without his parents, a 17-year-old tells the nurse he is gay. Which of the following approaches should the nurse take? A) "Tell me what makes you think you are gay." B) "This puts you in an at-risk category." C) "We need to talk about safe sex." D) "You're not gay; you're confused."

A) "Tell me what makes you think you are gay."

The nurse is interviewing a 3-year-old girl who tells the nurse: "Want go potty." The parents tell the nurse that their daughter often speaks in this type of broken speech. What would be the nurse's appropriate response to this concern? A) "This is a normal, common speech pattern in the 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech." B) "This is considered a developmental delay in the 3-year-old and we should consult a speech therapist." C) "This is a condition known as echolalia and can be corrected if you work with your daughter on language skills." D) "This is a condition known as stuttering and it is a normal pattern of speech development in the toddler."

A) "This is a normal, common speech pattern in the 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech.

A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse's best response to this observation? A) "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry." B) "This is normal behavior for infants due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system." C) "This indicates a blockage in the intestine and must be reported to the physician." D) "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is black or green."

A) "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry."

The parent of a 6-month old infant asks the nurse for advice about his son's thumb sucking. What would be the nurse's best response to this parent? A) "Thumb sucking is a healthy self-comforting activity." B) "Thumb sucking leads to the need for orthodontic braces." C) "Caregivers should pay special attention to the thumb sucking to stop it." D) "Thumb sucking should be replaced with the use of a pacifier."

A) "Thumb sucking is a healthy self-comforting activity."

After teaching a group of parents about language development in toddlers, which of the following if stated by a member of the group indicates successful teaching? A) "When my 3-year-old asks 'why?' all the time, this is completely normal." B) "A 15-month-old should be able to point to his eyes when asked to do so." C) "At age 2 years, my son should be able to understand things like under or on." D) "An 18-month-old would most likely use words and gestures to communicate."

A) "When my 3-year-old asks 'why?' all the time, this is completely normal.

When providing anticipatory guidance to parents about lying during the preschool period, which of the following would the nurse emphasize? A) "You need to determine the reason for lying before punishing the child." B) "Lying typically occurs because the child is afraid of being punished." C) "The misbehavior is usually more serious than the lying itself." D) "It is okay to become angry when dealing with the child's lying."

A) "You need to determine the reason for lying before punishing the child.

For which of the following children would nonopioid analgesics be recommended? A) A child with juvenile arthritis B) A child with end-stage cancer C) A child with a broken arm D) A child with severe postoperative pain

A) A child with juvenile arthritis

The nurse is aware that the community affects the health of its members. Which of the following statements accurately reflect a community influence of health care? Select all answers that apply. A) A community can be a contributor to a child's health or be the cause of his or her illnesses. B) The child's health should be separated from the health of the surrounding community. C) Community support and resources are necessary for children with significant problems. D) Poverty has not been linked to an increase in health problems in communities. E) The breakdown of community and family support systems can lead to depression and violence. F) Ideally, the child's medical home is located outside the community.

A) A community can be a contributor to a child's health or be the cause of his or her illnesses. C) Community support and resources are necessary for children with significant problems. E) The breakdown of community and family support systems can lead to depression

The nurse is providing teaching about accidental poisoning to the family of a 3-year-old. The nurse understands that a child of this age is at increased risk of accidental ingestion due to which sensory alteration? A) A less discriminating sense of taste B) A lack of fully developed hearing C) Visual acuity that has not fully developed D) A less discriminating sense of touch

A) A less discriminating sense of taste

The school nurse providing school health screenings knows that the 7- to 11-year-old is in Piaget's stage of concrete operational thoughts. Which of the following should this age group accomplish when developing operations? Select all answers that apply. A) Ability to assimilate and coordinate information about the world from different dimensions B) Ability to see things from another person's point of view and think through an action C) Ability to use stored memories of past experiences to evaluate and interpret present situations D) Ability to think about a problem from all points of view, ranking the possible solutions while solving the problem E) Ability to think outside of the present and incorporate into thinking concepts that do exist as well as concepts that might exist F) Ability to understand the principle of conservation—that matter does not change when its form changes

A) Ability to assimilate and coordinate information about the world from different dimensions B) Ability to see things from another person's point of view and think through an action C) Ability to use stored memories of past experiences to evaluate and interpret present situations F) Ability to understand the principle of conservation—that matter does not change when its form changes

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the mother of a 9-month-old girl during a well-baby visit. Which of the following topics would be most appropriate? A) Advising how to create a toddler-safe home B) Warning about small objects left on the floor C) Cautioning about putting the baby in a walker D) Telling about safety procedures during baths

A) Advising how to create a toddler-safe home

The nurse caring for newborns knows that infants exhibit phenomenal increases in their gross motor skills over the first 12 months of life. Which of the following statements accurately describe the typical infant's achievement of these milestones? Select all answers that apply. A) At 1 month the infant lifts and turns the head to the side in the prone position. B) At 2 months the infant lifts head and looks around. C) At 6 months the infant pulls to stand up. D) At 7 months the infant sits alone with some use of hands for support. E) At 9 months the infant crawls with the abdomen off the floor. F) At 12 months the infant walks independently.

A) At 1 month the infant lifts and turns the head to the side in the prone position. D) At 7 months the infant sits alone with some use of hands for support. E) At 9 months the infant crawls with the abdomen off the floor. F) At 12 months the infant walks independently.

When assessing the vision of a 2-month-old, the nurse would use which of the following? A) Black-and-white checkerboard B) Red and blue circles C) Gray and blue animal drawings D) Green and yellow letters

A) Black-and-white checkerboard

The nurse is performing an annual check-up for an 8-year-old child. Compared to the previous assessment of this child, which of the following characteristics would most likely be observed? A) Breathing is diaphragmatic. B) Pulse rate is increased. C) Secondary sex characteristics are present. D) Blood pressure has reached adult level.

A) Breathing is diaphragmatic.

The nurse is teaching a new mother about the drastic growth and developmental changes her infant will experience in the first year of life. Which of the following describes a developmental milestone occurring in infancy? A) By 6 months of age the infant's brain weighs half that of the adult brain; at age 12 months, the brain weighs 2.5 times what it did at birth. B) Most infants triple their birthweight by 4 to 6 months of age and quadruple their birthweight by the time they are 1 year old. C) The head circumference increases rapidly during the first 6 months: the average increase is about 1 inch per month. D) The heart triples in size over the first year of life; the average pulse rate decreases from 120 to 140 in the newborn to about 100 in the 1-year-old.

A) By 6 months of age the infant's brain weighs half that of the adult brain; at age 12 months, the brain weighs 2.5 times what it did at birth.

During a physical assessment of a 5-month-old child, the nurse observes the first tooth has just erupted and uses the opportunity to advise the mother to schedule a dental examination for her baby. Which of the following is the correct time for the dentist visit? A) By the first birthday B) By the second birthday C) By entry into kindergarten D) By entry into first grade

A) By the first birthday

The nurse is preparing a class for a group of adolescents about promoting safety. Which of the following would the nurse plan to include as the leading cause of adolescent injuries? A) Car accidents B) Firearms C) Water D) Fires

A) Car accidents

Prior to administering morphine to a 10-year-old child, the nurse reviews the adverse effects of the drug. Which system is primarily affected by the drug causing most of the adverse effects? A) Central nervous system B) Peripheral nervous system C) Digestive system D) Musculoskeletal system

A) Central nervous system

The parents of a 4-year-old who is a picky eater ask the nurse what foods to include in their child's diet to provide adequate iron consumption. Which of the following foods would the nurse recommend? A) Cooked lentils B) Whole milk C) Oranges D) Sweet potatoes

A) Cooked lentils

The nurse is caring for preschoolers in a day care center. Of which of the following developmental milestones of this age group should the nurse be aware? Select all answers that apply. A) Counting 10 or more objects B) Correctly naming at least four colors C) Understanding the concept of time D) Knowing everyday objects E) Understanding the differences of others F) Forming concepts as logical as an adult's

A) Counting 10 or more objects B) Correctly naming at least four colors C) Understanding the concept of time D) Knowing everyday objects

The nurse is managing children who have chronic diseases in a neighborhood clinic. Which of the following are examples of chronic conditions? Select all answers that apply. A) Diabetes mellitus B) Myocardial infarction C) Rheumatoid arthritis D) Compound fracture E) Acute asthma F) Bronchopneumonia

A) Diabetes mellitus C) Rheumatoid arthritis E) Acute asthma

The nurse is caring for a 7-month-old girl during a well-child visit. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for this child? A) Discussing the type of sippy cup to use B) Advising about increased caloric needs C) Explaining how to prepare table meats D) Describing the tongue extrusion reflex

A) Discussing the type of sippy cup to use

The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old girl who is scheduled for a hernia repair and is very scared. Which of the following fears would she also most likely have at this age? A) Fear of being kidnapped B) Fear of cutting her finger C) Fear of sudden loud noises D) Fear of the neighbor's dog

A) Fear of being kidnapped

The nurse is conducting a psychosocial assessment of a child with asthma brought to the physician's office for a check-up. Which of the following are psychosocial issues that might be assessed? Select all answers that apply. A) Health insurance coverage B) Transportation to health care facilities C) School's response to the chronic illness D) Past medical history E) Future treatment plans F) Health maintenance needs

A) Health insurance coverage B) Transportation to health care facilities C) School's response to the chronic illness

When assessing adolescents for health risks, the nurse must keep in mind the factors related to the prevalence of adolescent injuries. Which of the following accurately describe these factors? Select all answers that apply. A) Increased physical growth B) Insufficient psychomotor coordination C) Tiredness, lack of energy D) Lack of impulsivity E) Peer pressure F) Inexperience

A) Increased physical growth B) Insufficient psychomotor coordination E) Peer pressure F) Inexperience

The nurse is conducting a well-child assessment for a 5-year-old boy in preparation for kindergarten. The boy's grandmother is his primary caregiver because the boy's mother has suffered from depression and substance abuse issues. The nurse understands that the child is at increased risk for which developmental problem? A) Lack of social and emotional readiness for school B) Stuttering C) Speech and language delays D) Fine motor skills delay

A) Lack of social and emotional readiness for school

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl posttonsillectomy. The girl looks out the window and tells the nurse that it is raining and says, "The sky is crying because it is sad that my throat hurts." The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating which mental process? A) Magical thinking B) Centration C) Transduction D) Animism

A) Magical thinking

The nurse determines that it is necessary to implement airborne precautions for children with which of the following infections? A) Measles B) Streptococcus group A C) Rubella D) Scarlet fever

A) Measles

The school nurse is teaching parents risk factors for suicide in adolescents. Which of the following would the nurse discuss? Select all answers that apply. A) Mental health changes B) History of previous suicide attempt C) Higher socioeconomic status D) Greatly improved school performance E) Family disorganization F) Substance abuse

A) Mental health changes B) History of previous suicide attempt E) Family disorganization F) Substance abuse

The nurse in a community clinic is caring for a 6-month-old boy and his mother. Which of the following is the priority intervention to promote adequate growth? A) Monitoring the child's weight and height B) Encouraging a more frequent feeding schedule C) Assessing the child's current feeding pattern D) Recommending higher-calorie solid foods

A) Monitoring the child's weight and height

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturations of the child's organs during the preschool years and their effect on body functions. Which of the following statements accurately describe these changes? Select all answers that apply. A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years. B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age. C) Heart rate increases and blood pressure decreases slightly during the preschool years; an innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation. D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature. E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler. F) The urethra remains long in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract infections than adults.

A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years. B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age. D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature. E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler

The nurse is describing the maturation of various organ systems during toddlerhood to the parents. Which would the nurse correctly include in this description? A) Myelinization of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months. B) Alveoli reach adult numbers by 3 years of age. C) Urine output in a toddler typically averages approximately 30 mL/hour. D) Toddlers typically have strong abdominal muscles by the age of 2.

A) Myelinization of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months.

After teaching a class on the role of white blood cells in infection, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which type of white blood cells as important in combating bacterial infections? A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes

A) Neutrophils

The nurse is caring for a child who is recovering from an appendectomy. Which of the following is the appropriate term for the pain this child is experiencing? A) Nociceptive pain B) Neuropathic pain C) Chronic pain D) Superficial somatic pain

A) Nociceptive pain

When observing a group of preschoolers at play in the clinic waiting room, which type of play would the nurse be least likely to note? A) Parallel play B) Cooperative play C) Dramatic play D) Fantasy play

A) Parallel play

A nurse suspects that an adolescent may have community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA). Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess? Select all answers that apply. A) Participation in contact sport B) Recent cut on the lower leg C) History of a recent sort throat D) Raised fluctuant lesions E) Erythematous rash over the trunk and face

A) Participation in contact sport B) Recent cut on the lower leg D) Raised fluctuant lesions

The nurse working in a community clinic attempts to establish a free vaccination program to refer low-income families. What is the key strategy for success when implementing a health promotion activity? A) Partnership development B) Funding for projects C) Finding an audience D) Adequate staffing

A) Partnership development

The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a preschooler. Which of the following are normal activities characteristic of the preschooler? Select all answers that apply. A) Plans activities and makes up games B) Initiates activities with others C) Acts out roles of other people D) Engages in parallel play with peers E) Classifies or groups objects by their common elements F) Understands relationships among objects

A) Plans activities and makes up games B) Initiates activities with others C) Acts out roles of other people

A mother brings her 8-year-old son for evaluation because of a rash on his lower leg. Which finding would support the suspicion that the child has Lyme disease? A) Playing in the woods about a week ago B) Rash is papular and vesicular C) High fever occurring about 4 days before the rash D) Complaints of extreme pruritus with visible nits

A) Playing in the woods about a week ago

The school nurse is helping parents choose books for their preschoolers. What literacy skills present in the preschooler would the nurse consider when making choices? Select all answers that apply. A) Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories. B) Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention. C) Preschoolers like stories that describe experiences different from their own. D) Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of books. E) Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask questions about the story. F) Preschoolers do not have enough focus and expanded attention to notice when a page is skipped during reading.

A) Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories. B) Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention. D) Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of books. E) Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask questions about the story.

The nurse teaches parents of adolescents that adolescents need the support of parents and nurses to facilitate healthy lifestyles. Which of the following should be a priority focus of this guidance? A) Reducing risk-taking behavior B) Promoting adequate physical growth C) Maximizing learning potential D) Teaching personal hygiene routines

A) Reducing risk-taking behavior

The nurse is researching behavioral-cognitive pain relief strategies to use on a 5-year- old child with unrelieved pain. Which of the following methods might the nurse choose? Select all answers that apply. A) Relaxation B) Distraction C) Biofeedback D) Thought stopping E) Massage F) Sucking

A) Relaxation B) Distraction C) Biofeedback D) Thought stopping

The nurse is teaching the parents of an overweight 18-month-old girl about diet. Which intervention will be most effective for promoting proportionate growth? A) Remove high-calorie, low-nutrient foods from the diet. B) Ensure 30 minutes of unstructured activity per day. C) Avoid sharing your snacks and candy with the child. D) Reduce the amount of high-fat food the child eats.

A) Remove high-calorie, low-nutrient foods from the diet

The mother of a 7-year-old girl tells the school nurse that her child is deathly afraid of going to school. What would be the best intervention the nurse could suggest in this situation? A) Return the child to school and investigate the cause of the fear. B) Have the child stay home from school until any issues causing this fear are resolved. C) Investigate a new school for the child to attend that the child will not be afraid of. D) Tell the child that privileges will be taken away if she does not return to school.

A) Return the child to school and investigate the cause of the fear.

The nurse is explaining to parents that the preschooler's developmental task is focused on the development of initiative rather than guilt. Which of the following is a priority intervention the nurse might recommend for parents of preschoolers to stimulate initiative? A) Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem. B) Change the routine of the preschooler often to stimulate initiative. C) Do not set limits on the preschooler's behavior as this results in low self-esteem. D) As a parent, decide how and with whom the child will play.

A) Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem.

The nurse is assessing the pain of a postoperative newborn. The nurse measures the infant's facial expression, body movement, sleep, verbal or vocal ability, consolability, and response to movements and touch. Which behavioral assessment tool is being used by the nurse? A) Riley Infant Pain Scale B) Pain Observation Scale for Young Children C) CRIES Scale for Neonatal Postoperative Pain Assessment D) FLACC Behavioral Scale for Postoperative Pain in Young Children

A) Riley Infant Pain Scale

The nurse is examining a 15-month-old child who was able to walk at the last visit and now can no longer walk. What would be the nurse's best intervention in this case? A) Schedule a full evaluation since this may indicate a neurologic disorder. B) Note the regression in the child's chart and recheck in another month. C) Document the findings as a developmental delay since this is a normal occurrence. D) Ask the parents if they have changed the child's schedule to a less active one.

A) Schedule a full evaluation since this may indicate a neurologic disorder

The nurse is performing a physical examination of an 8-year-old girl who was bitten by her kitten. Which of the following assessments would lead the nurse to suspect cat- scratch disease? A) Swollen lymph nodes B) Strawberry tongue C) Infected tonsils D) Swollen neck

A) Swollen lymph nodes

The nurse is preparing to administer a topical anesthetic for a 10-year-old girl with a chin laceration. The nurse would expect to apply which of the following as ordered in preparation for sutures? A) TAC (tetracaine, epinephrine, cocaine B) Iontophoretic lidocaine C) EMLA D) Vapocoolant spray

A) TAC (tetracaine, epinephrine, cocaine

The school nurse is conducting a seminar for parents of adolescents on how to communicate with teenagers. Which of the following guidelines might the nurse recommend? Select all answers that apply. A) Talk face to face and be aware of body language. B) Ask questions to see why he or she feels that way. C) Do not give praise unless the adolescent deserves it. D) Speak to your child as an authority figure, not an equal. E) Don't admit that you make mistakes. F) Don't pretend you know all the answers.

A) Talk face to face and be aware of body language. B) Ask questions to see why he or she feels that way. F) Don't pretend you know all the answers.

The nurse is helping the parents and their underweight adolescent collaborate on planning a healthy menu. Of which of the following nutritional requirements of adolescents should the nurse be aware? A) Teenagers have a need for increased calories, zinc, calcium, and iron for growth. B) Teenage girls who are active require about 1,800 calories per day. C) Teenage boys who are active require between 2,000 and 2,500 calories per day. D) Adolescents require about 1,000 to 1,200 mg of calcium each day.

A) Teenagers have a need for increased calories, zinc, calcium, and iron for growth.

The parents of a 1-year-old girl, both of whom have perfect teeth, are concerned about their child getting dental caries. Which is the best advice the nurse can provide? A) Tell the parents to limit the child's eating to meal and snack times. B) Urge the parents to take the child to a dentist for a check-up. C) Advise the parents to reduce carbohydrates in the child's diet. D) Advise the parents to use fluoride toothpaste.

A) Tell the parents to limit the child's eating to meal and snack times.

A mother brings her 6-year-old son in for a check-up because the child is complaining of stomachaches. It is the beginning of the school year. Which of the following might the mother also mention? A) The child cries before going to school. B) The child made friends the first day of school. C) The child fights with siblings more often. D) The child loves the crowds in the lunchroom.

A) The child cries before going to school

The nurse knows that the school-age child is in Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority. Which of the following is the best example of a school-ager working toward accomplishing this developmental task? A) The child signs up for after-school activities. B) The child performs his bedtime preparations autonomously. C) The child becomes aware of the opposite sex. D) The child is developing a conscience.

A) The child signs up for after-school activities

The nurse caring for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) relies on the use of behavioral and physiologic indicators for determining pain. Which of the following examples are behavioral indicators? Select all answers that apply. A) The infant grimaces. B) The infant's heart rate is elevated. C) The infant flails his arms and legs. D) The infant's respiratory rate is elevated. E) The infant is crying uncontrollably. F) The infant's oxygen saturation is low.

A) The infant grimaces. C) The infant flails his arms and legs. E) The infant is crying uncontrollably.

The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which of the following anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? Select all answers that apply. A) The nasal passages are narrower. B) The trachea and chest wall are less compliant. C) The bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and wider. D) The larynx is more funnel shaped. E) The tongue is smaller. F) There are significantly fewer alveoli.

A) The nasal passages are narrower. C) The bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and wider. F) There are significantly fewer alveoli.

The nurse observing toddlers in a day care center notes that they may be happy and pleasant one moment and overreact to limit setting the next minute by throwing a tantrum. What is the focus of the toddler's developmental task that is driving this behavior? A) The need for separation and control B) The need for love and belonging C) The need for safety and security D) The need for peer approval

A) The need for separation and control

The nurse explains to parents of school-age children that according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, their child is at the conventional stage of moral development. What is the motivation for school-age children to follow rules? A) They follow rules out of a sense of being a "good person." B) They follow rules out of fear of being punished. C) They follow rules in order to receive praise from caretakers. D) They follow rules because it is in their nature to do so.

A) They follow rules out of a sense of being a "good person.

The nurse is watching toddlers at play. Which of the following normal behaviors would the nurse observe? A) Toddlers engage in parallel play. B) Toddlers engage in solitary play. C) Toddlers engage in cooperative play. D) Toddlers do not engage in play outside the home.

A) Toddlers engage in parallel play.

The nurse is caring for a premature baby in the NICU. The mother reports that the infant's normally happy and outgoing 5-year-old sister is acting sad and withdrawn. The nurse understands that due to her developmental stage, the girl is at risk of which of the following? A) Viewing her baby sister's illness as her fault B) Harming the baby C) Experiencing clinical depression D) Creating an imaginary friend to cope with the situation

A) Viewing her baby sister's illness as her faul