Science module 2 test
How much force is needed to accelerate a 50 g object at 3 m/s2?
.15 N
An object at rest has a velocity of ___.
0
If an astronaut knocks a wrench off the outside of the space shuttle (while in space) while she is doing a repair job, which of Newton's laws of motion will the wrench demonstrate?
1st law of motion
a basketball keeps rolling until it hits something
1st law of motion
the bike you are riding hits a hole and stop quickly but you fly forward over the handlebars.
1st law of motion
What surprised Newton when he started studying at the university?
2,000 year old ideas had never been examined in a scientific way.
You hit a ping pong ball and a tennis ball with a tennis racket. The ping pong ball will travel farther.
2nd law
You hit a ping pong ball and a tennis ball with a tennis racket. The ping pong ball will travel farther. What law does this pertain to?
2nd law
a baseball gets hit with a wooden bat and flies further than a baseball hit with a plastic bat
2nd law of motion
a golfer hits a ping pong ball and a golf ball the ping pong flies 10 feet and the golf ball flies 50 yards.
2nd law of motion
A rocket in space lets out gas particles to propel forwards. What law does this pertain to?
3rd law
Newton's Cradle is a tool that is used to demonstrate Newton's ___ law.
3rd law of motion
When you blow up a balloon and let it go it flies across the room. This is due to Newton's ____________ law.
3rd law of motion
While sitting on the couch, I am pushing down on it and it is pushing up on me. Which of Newton's laws of motion is this demonstrating?
3rd law of motion
a space shuttle propels gas particles out the back of the shuttle and is able to travel forward through space
3rd law of motion
How much force is needed to accelerate a 38 kg block at 1.2 m/s2?
45.6 N
Mass Acceleration Force
47,432 kg 69.5 m/s2 3,296,524 N
It takes 34.1 newtons of force to accelerate an object at 6.53 m/s2, what would be the mass of the object?
5.22 kg
How much force is needed to accelerate a 23 kg block at 4.2 m/s2?
96.6 N
What were the two balls you used in the experiment and what was their approximate mass? Remember this should be a metric measurement.
Baseball 145g or 0.145kg Golf Ball 1.620oz or 0.04593kg
If you apply the same force to items with different mass, they will accelerate at [answer] speeds.
Different
At Oxford, which scientist influenced Newton the most?
Dr. Robert Hooke
What is the formula to calculate force?
F=ma
Explain how your experiment either agreed with Galileo or led you to a different conclusion. Answer with three to five complete sentences and use proper grammar and mechanics.
My experiment disagreed with Galileo because the golf ball hit first which is lighter than a baseball. Galileo experimented with Canon Balls of different weight and they hit t the same time. But Galileo stood higher than I did he stood on top of the leaning tower of Pisa and not on a pool ladder.
If you throw your clothes on the floor before going to bed and they are still there in the morning; that is an example of which of Newton's laws?
Newton's 2nd law
The formula Force = mass x acceleration comes from which of Newton's laws?
Newton's 2nd law of motion
Which law of motion is demonstrated when you push off the wall in the pool and move in the opposite direction across the pool?
Newton's 3rd law of motion
In two or three complete sentences, explain why, when a bag of apples and a single apple are dropped from the same height, they hit the ground at the same time even though the bag of apples has more mass. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your sentences.
They hit the ground at the same time because they are both apples. Just because something has more mass doesn't always mean it will drop faster.
In the Olympic sport of curling, the curlers put drops of _____ on the ice to make the stone glide further.
Water
"_________ is the upward force that keeps an object floating in a liquid or gas."
buoyancy
The _______________ is the point in an object where there is as much weight on one side as on the other side. This is also called the center of balance.
center of gravity
The point in an object where the mass is concentrated is called the ____________ .
center of gravity
Without the force of gravity, an object pushed into space would ______ .
continue to move forward
When the surface irregularities don't have the opportunity to grab each other due to the movement of the surfaces, they are demonstrating ___ friction.
kinetic
The force of gravity on Earth is _________ than the force of gravity on the moon.
larger
The first area of science that fascinated (interested) Newton was the study of ____ .
light
A substance that can be applied to a surface that reduces the friction is called a ___.
lubricant
Friction, while helpful in many cases, can be reduced by using or applying a(n) ______ .
lubricant
Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) float because they are weightless even though their _______ is the same as when they are on earth.
mass
The amount of matter in an object is called the ____.
mass
The state of motion is a speed and a _____ .
mass
On the moon, your would remain the same, while your would be different due to a decrease in gravity.
mass, weight
According to Newton's 2nd law, acceleration of an object depends on the ________ of an object and the _____________ .
mass; amount of force
In what kind of terms did Newton express his laws?
mathematical
Newton realized that the gravitational pull of the and the create the ocean tides on earth.
moon, sun
The unit we use to measure force is ---
newtons (N)
Newton's 3rd law of motion states that for every action there is an equal but ________ reaction.
opposite
Newton created his first famous experiment of light using two ___.
prisms
When white light travels through a prism, what colors are shown?
red, green, orange, blue, indigo, yellow, violet
Which surface will produce the least amount of friction?
smooth glass tabletop
When two surfaces are pressing together but are not moving, they are demonstrating ___ friction.
static
The parts of two objects that rub together to cause friction are their ___ areas.
surface
After Newton proved white light is a combination of different colors, he decided he needed to invent a new kind of ___.
telescope
During his early years at the university, Newton realized that one can't just claim universal laws. The universal law must be subject to observation, rigorous ___ , and mathematical proof.
testing
Ancient scientists believed that all light was white because it came from ____.
the heavens
In the experiment with the 2 toy cars, did they move the same or differently? How did the results compare to your hypothesis? Use complete sentences to answer this question. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your sentences.
they moved differently, the one car moved a tiny bit faster then the other car. The results were different because I thought they were going to move at the same time and they ended up moving differently.
For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction is the _______ .
third law of motion
Whether an object feels heavy or light is an indication of its ____ .
weight
What color is not present when white light travels through a spectrum?
white
What force pulls an object flying through the air to the ground?
gravity
A proposed answer to a problem based on known facts that are used as a basis for further experimentation is a(n) ___________ .
hypothesis
A(n) ___ is what scientists call a proposed answer to a problem based on known facts that are used as a basis for further experimentation.
hypothesis
Newton's first law of motion is also called the Law of _____ .
inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion is called ________.
inertia
The tendency of an object to resist change in its motion is called ______ .
inertia
What would be considered a demonstration of static friction?
When two surfaces are pressing together but are not moving
Which surface will produce the most amount of friction?
gravel running track
Taller vehicles such as tractor trailers are not as safe in windy conditions because they have a higher center of _____.
gravity
What force keeps the planets in their orbit?
gravity
If it takes 42.9 newtons of force to accelerate an object at 3.2 m/s2, what would be the mass of the object?
13.41 kg
A ball rolls across the floor and it does not stop until it hits the wall; which of Newton's Laws of Motion does this demonstrate?
First Law of Motion
Give two examples of how friction is helpful.
Friction makes the tires move on the road and so the brakes can stop the car. Friction is between the floor and our shoes so we dont slip and fall.
Which scientist did Newton work with to study the orbits of comets?
Halley
Write a paragraph of no less than five sentences explaining how Newton's First Law of Motion supports people's need to wear seat belts when riding in a moving car. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your paragraph.
His motion supports why people need to wear a seat belt by. Newton made crash dummies and people put them in all cars to test if the seat belts are safe. Every single car brand, that is made is tested. If it weren't for seat belts, if you were to get into a car accident you would go through the windshield. I know that for a fact because my Mom went through the windshield when she was little.
In 2-3 sentences, explain in detail your conclusion from the experiment.
I concluded that the lighter ball will hit first and it takes a while for the heavier ball to hit. Some lighter things hit the ground first because gravity pushes it down.
Describe your experiment using the plastic bottles filled with different amounts of water. How many tests with each bottle did you run? What were the differences between the tests? Did you run into any problems during the testing? What were your results? What was your conclusion from your observations?
I did four tests for each bottle so eight tests altogether. The differences were the height of how high the water went. I didn't run into problems besides water getting everywhere. My conclusion was to be careful with water and not to spill it but also that friction is forcing the water.
Which hypothesis did you pick before doing the experiment and why? Give your answer in at least two well-developed sentences.
I made a hypothesis of one of the balls hitting the ground first because it was heavier. Since the balls were two different sizes i thought the bigger and heavier one would hit first.
In the experiment with the large textbook(s) and pushing with your pinky finger, which was more difficult to push and why? What does this have to do with friction? Please use proper grammar and mechanics.
I noticed as I moved the textbooks there was a little bit of heat. The two textbooks were harder to push because of the weight. This has to do with friction because the friction makes the textbooks move with just little force being used.
In a paragraph of five to eight sentences describe the refraction of the light from the flashlight on the milky water. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your paragraph.
I observed that when the laser light hit the milk water it looked as if it bounced off of the water. When the light also hit the water it had a glare. Once then glare went away it looked kind of like the pencil experiment. When light hits an object it bounces back differently then it shows on the object. When light hits a prism it bounces back as a rainbow.
An object with less mass will accelerate with [answer] speed than an object with more mass when acted upon by the same amount of force.
More
In a paragraph of no less than three sentences, explain why pulling a suitcase with rollers is easier than dragging one across the floor. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your paragraph.
It is easier because the friction hits the wheels and makes it move faster than dragging it. Dragging will just take more time and get the suitcase dirty. When you use wheels the smoothness of the wheels causes friction which makes the wheels move.
In three to five complete sentences, explain why it is important to repeat an experiment many times in the same way. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics.
It is important to experiment multiple times so you can make sure you record the right data. If you were to experiment once then the way you did the experiment. That could be wrong or you didn't record the right information. Always make sure you do an experiment more than once so you can make sure you get the correct information.
First Law of Motion Second Law of Motion Third Law of Motion
Law of Inertia f=ma action/reaction
Give two ways friction can be reduced.
Make the surface smoother Lubricate the surface.
We know that every object exerts an attraction on every other object and the heavier the object the _______ the attraction.
Stronger
In three to four sentences, explain the difference between mass and weight. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics.
The difference between Mass and weight is that. Mass measures resistance and acceleration of an object. Weight is how much an object weighs and how much heavier or lighter then other things.
In a paragraph of five to eight sentences explain Newton's First Law of Motion/Law of Inertia and why the egg in the egg drop experiment lands in the glass of water. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your paragraph.
The egg goes into the water because gravity pushes it down. Since we hit the pan it creates vibration. So then the toilet paper roll moves away from the pan. Then the egg flies in the air and gravity pushes it down into the water. Then the egg is in the water and its all because gravity keeps all things down.
What was Galileo's conclusion after thinking about this problem?
The heavier ball would hit the ground first.
What is friction?
The opposition to relative motion between two objects in contact with each other.
Give two of the reasons given in the lesson that makes it impossible for the Myth Busters to pull the telephone books apart.
The pages are rough so they grip together so all they did was pull them apart Friction releases when you pull at what its gripping at.
In a paragraph of four to six sentences, describe what you observed when you placed your straight object into the glass of water. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your paragraph.
When I put the pencil in the water it looked as if it was at a different angle. When something is put into water it looks as if it is misplaced but it isn't. Its just an illusion that is telling your brain that the object is sideways. I observed that objects look like they are angled differently and they really aren't.
What did Newton use to get his laws out to other scientists and the general public?
a book
The rate at which velocity changes over time is called ____ .
acceleration
The rate of change of velocity is called _______ .
acceleration
Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by a(n) outside force.
at rest, outside
Producing a desired effect with little energy or waste is being ________ .
efficient
According to the Law of Inertia, an object at rest will stay (remain) at rest unless acted upon by a(n) ____ .
force
The amount of friction depends on the surface type and the _______ pressing two surfaces together.
force
Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is proportional to the acting upon it and is directed in the of the force.
force, direction
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact with each other is called ______ .
friction
What causes a flat piece of paper to land on the ground after the paper that was crumpled up?
friction
