Science Module Three Review

How much work is done using a 120-watt light bulb for one hour?

432,000 Joules

On a wheel and axle, if the large wheel has the radius of 20 cm and the small wheel has the radius of 4 cm, what is the ideal mechanical advantage?

5

Who invented a very efficient lubricating device for trains?

Elijah McCoy

What is called "the ability to work?"

Energy

Select the three main types of pulleys:

Fixed Pulley, Block and Tackle, Movable Pulley

A wheel with a series of teeth around the perimeter is called a/an ___________.

gear

The material that holds the bricks of an arch together is called:

mortar

Today we use the term "horsepower" to refer to the power of ___.

motors in general

You are not accomplishing any work, in physics, unless something __________.

moves

In a simple machine, what is the length of the space that the object is raised called?

output distance

In a simple machine, the weight of the object being moved is called the _________.

output force

The rate at which work is being done or energy transformed is called _________.

power

God expects us to follow His example by finishing our work and then__________.

resting

The term "horsepower" helped people understand the transition from animal power to ___ power.

steam

The towers of a suspension bridge can handle the tension put on them because ___________.

they are anchored on bedrock

What do we call the unit of power equal to one joule per second?

watt

What is used to measure power and equals one joule per second?

watt

A simple machine that combines two inclined planes and is used to split objects is called a __________.

wedge

A hand-operated machine that combines gears with a crank and chain or cable is called a/an __________.

winch

When a machine exerts a force over a distance, it is doing __________.

work

If a 15-foot see-saw had a child weighing 100 pounds on the side where the seat was 10 feet away from the fulcrum and the child on the opposite side weighed 200 pounds and was 5 feet from the fulcrum, which formula would be correct to figure out if they were in static equilibrium?

(100lbs.) (10ft.) = (200lbs.) (5ft.)

Amelia uses a force of 18 newtons to push her wagon a distance of 2 meters. How much work did she do?

36 joules

A weightlifter exerted a force of 8,000 newtons on a car that needed to be moved, but he was unable to budge it. How much work was done?

0

Taylor's car broke down and he exerted a force of 8,000 newtons trying to push it before giving up and calling the tow truck. How much work did he accomplish?

0

The ideal mechanical advantage for a fixed pulley is always _______.

1

A force of 100 newtons was necessary to lift a rock. A total of 150 joules of work was done. How far was the rock lifted?

1.5 meters

If the IMA of a wheel and axle is 6 and the Fe is 20 Newtons, what is the force of resistance?

120 N

If you are pushing a shopping cart full of scrap wood using a force of 35 newtons a distance of 40 meters in 10 seconds, how much power are you using?

140 watts

A couch is being lifted to your second story apartment. It weighs 1,000 newtons. It is lifted up 9 meters in 60 seconds. How much power was used?

150 watts

If the radius of the large wheel on a wheel and axle is 340 meters and the radius of the small wheel is 20 meters, what is the IMA?

17

What is the power of a kitchen mixer if it can perform 4,750 joules of work in 25 seconds?

190 watts

A movable pulley, when used by itself, always has the ideal mechanical advantage of _________.

2

If a stone weighs 80 Newtons, what force must be applied to the rope used when the mechanical advantage of the pulley is four?

20 Newtons

If it took 40 joules to push a cart 2 meters across the floor. With what force was the cart pushed?

20 Newtons

If a pulley with a mechanical advantage of 6 is used to raise an object weighing 1200 Newtons, how much force needs to be applied to the rope on the pulley?

200 Newtons

An apple weighing 1.0 newton is lifted 3 meters. How much work has been done?

3 joules

James used 600 newtons of force to push a car 5 meters. How much work did he do?

3,000 joules

A ramp is 8 meters long and I need to use it to raise up a box 2 meters. The box weighs 300 newtons. How much force are you going to need to exert to get the box up the ramp?

75 Newtons

If the mechanical advantage of a pulley is two and you want to raise a 40 cm object off the ground, how far do you have to pull the rope?

80 cm

How much work is done pushing a shopping cart 100 meters with a force of 88N?

8800 joules

How much work is done by using a 400-watt microwave oven for 4 minutes?

96,000 Joules

___________ is the key, especially for suspension bridges.

Balance

Which of these formulas is correct for calculating ideal mechanical advantage?

IMA = Fr/Fe

IMA stands for _________________.

Ideal Mechanical Advantage

The period of rapid industrial growth that began in England during the middle of the eighteenth century and then spread over the next fifty years characterized by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines is called the ____________.

Industrial Revolution

A screw ______ is a heavy-duty cylinder with a screw mechanism in it that is turned by a lever to multiply its mechanical advantage hundreds of times.

Jack

What scientist's experiments led him to discover the Law of Conservation of Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics resulting in the unit of energy in the metric system being named after him?

James Prescott Joule

What do we call a unit of work or energy equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through a distance of one meter?

Joule

Which formula will provide the mechanical advantage of a simple machine?

MA = OF/IF or ID/OD

What do we call devices that help make work easier?

Machines

What is the factor by which a simple machine multiplies the strength put into a machine called?

Mechanical Advantage

Many scientists believed the laws they were discovering were designed by___________.

Mother Nature

The landmark in southwestern Virginia known for its light and scripture shows is_________________.

Natural Bridge

What measurement do we use to determine the amount of force used to move an object by a simple machine?

Newtons

You just walked up the tallest mountain in the US and are sitting down at the top. How much work are you doing?

None

List two reasons why you might want to be an engineer.

One reason being an engineer might be an interesting career choice is because I work with computers a lot so being a computer engineer might be interesting for me. Another reason being an engineer might be an interesting career choice is because my second cousin is a civil engineer.

In three to five complete sentences, explain what needs to be added to the arch you built to make it sturdy enough for cars to travel over. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your sentences.

One thing that needs to be added to the arch I made to make it sturdy enough is more mortar so that it will not fall. Another thing that would make it more sturdy is by holding it up with pillars. One last thing that could make it sturdier is concrete.

How do Screws keep your life together?

One way screws help keep my life together is by keeping my house stable. Another way screws help in everyday life is by keeping cars together. One last way that screws help in everyday life is keeping my house safe.

The formula for power is ________.

Power = Work / Time

Name one arch today that can be seen in nature.

Rainbow Bridge in Utah

What type of triangle did you make to create an inclined plane to transform into a example of a screw?

Right

Which civilization was the first to use the arch in bridges?

Roman

What simple machine is more commonly used more than any other?

Screw

What was Adam's first job?

Taking care of Eden.

In three to five complete sentences, explain the hardest part of building your suspension bridge. Remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your sentences.

The hardest part of building my suspension bridge was putting each string into each hole. It was the hardest part because the holes were very small and I had to wet the ends of the string to get it through the hole. It was also the hardest part because of measuring how many holes I needed and the measurements between each one.

Describe in one to three complete sentences the most difficult part of making your fixed pulley.

The most difficult part of making my fixed pulley was poking the holes into the plastic cup.

Explain the purpose of the Archimedes screw.

The purpose that the Archimedes screw was used for was to pump up water through the ground.

What two parts of a suspension bridge resist the weight of the load on the bridge?

Towers and Anchors

What two countries are connected by the first modern suspension bridge?

Wales and Ireland

___________ is the force placed on an object times the distance in the direction the object is moved.

Work

What do scientists use to determine the efficiency of a machine?

Work output/work input x 100

A curved structure that rests on its two extremes is a/an ________________.

arch

Your __________ is a body part that is a lever.

arm

A bridge that is made of two or more self-supporting sections attached to each other with short sections is called a/an ___________.

cantilever bridge

What tool did the Romans invent to help them build the arch?

centering

Many anchors for bridges are made from reinforced ________ slabs larger than a building.

concrete

On a first-class lever, the area that pivots to lift the load is called the __________.

fulcrum

The only force that counts is the force you use in the ________ you are traveling.

direction

People use an inclined plane to exert less force over a greater _________.

distance

The size and shape of the original inclined plane determines the ____________ between the threads of the screw.

distance

In the formula for ideal mechanical advantage, the e stands for ___.

effort

The force applied to a machine in order for work to be done is called the ________ force.

effort

The ability to do work is called _______.

energy

To use unfairly for one's own advantage is ___________.

exploitation

The wheel and axle is an example of a/an _________.

first-class lever

In the formula for ideal mechanical advantage, the F stands for ____.

force

Work =

force x distance

The force that resists motion when using a screw that keeps it in place is called ___________.

friction

When finding the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA), the negative force not being included is ____________.

friction

The ___________ connect the cables to the deck in order to pull on the cables which transfers the pull on the towers and anchors.

hangers

A common unit of power equal to about 746 watts is called ___________.

horsepower

The field of science that deals with the practical application of liquid in motion is called __________.

hydraulics

What do we call a simple machine that is a flat surface set at an upward angle sloping at any point less than a 90 degree angle?

inclined plane

What are the two main categories of simple machines?

inclined planes, levers

A person who manages or owns an industry is called a/an _________.

industrialist

What is the amount of strength that is applied to the rope in a pulley to raise the object called?

input force

Something Elijah McCoy invented besides the oil-dripping can for trains was the __________.

ironing board

What is the unit called that we use to measure work?

joule

The middle stone that bears the pressure of both sides of an arch is called the ___________.

keystone

In a first-class lever, the effort arm is _________ than the load arm.

longer

What do we call the number that tells how many times a machine multiplies a force?

mechanical advantage

The amount of work a machine can do because of an object's kinetic and potential energy is called ___________.

mechanical energy