Science Scientific Inquiry & Design (Chapter 1), (Chapter 2) Nature of Scientific Knowledge, Chapter 3 Major Developments & Historical Figures in Science, Chapter 4 Collecting & Analyzing Scientific Data, Chapter 5 Science Laboratory & Field Equipmen...
Sodium bicarbonate
the chemical name for household baking soda
Only two markers of human activity are evident in the stratosphere. They are indicated by _____
the condition of the ozone layer and the presence of spy planes
If the resistance is increased:
the current will decrease
If the voltage is increased:
the current will increase
Objects that don't naturally act like magnets can be attracted to a permanent magnet because:
the permanent magnet causes the atoms to align in the object
What is the name of the process that creates RNA?
transcription
The waves you can make with a jump rope would be which type of waves?
transverse
The word "science" comes from Latin meaning
"to know"
What are sources of random error?
- A fluctuating GPS location - All are sources of random error - A change in air temperature during measurement - Estimating a value between two markers
Pseudoscience
- Used to describe a claim, belief or practice presented as scientific, but which does not adhere to the scientific method. - False or fake science, a system of beliefs that looks like it is based on scientific ideas but actually doesn't employ or obey the simplest rules of science itself
The correct magnitude, vector, and units of g is
-9.8 m/s^2
How many feet is 10 inches?
0.833 feet
In a good quality science experiment, how many variables change?
1
How much power is required to do 100 J of work in 10 s?
10 W
What is the current flow in a 3V DC flashlight bulb that is consuming 0.5W of power?
167mA
Which type of spring will discharge the most water?
1st magnitude
Choose the correctly balanced equation for the following reaction: Potassium + water → potassium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
2K + 2H₂O → 2KOH + H₂
Choose the correctly balanced equation for the following reaction: Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
How many days does it take the earth to revolve around the sun?
365
How old is Earth?
4 billion years
Which of these measurements is closest to the volume of one liter?
4 cups
Which of the following best describes the location of the polar easterlies?
60 to 90 degrees north and south latitude
Where is the Arctic Circle located?
66 degrees North
Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2 O --> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
How much does a 1-kg object weigh on Earth?
9.8 N
Aristotle
A Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stargira, Chalkdice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece
Which of the following is NOT an example of periodic motion?
A ball falling to the ground
According to Bronsted-Lowry, a conjugate base is:
A base that forms when an acid loses a proton
Calculus
A branch of mathematics that Newton created The study of change
Which one of the following is NOT an example of acceleration?
A car driving in a straight line at a constant speed
When a headland that projects out into the water is eroded by waves, all of the following could result
A cave A cliff A sea arch
What constitutes a food web?
A combination of food chains that are interconnected to create a network of feeding relationships.
Which is NOT an example of a simple machine?
A generator
What would you compare the nucleus of the cell with?
A library
Which of the following types of eclipses can be viewed from the most places on Earth?
A lunar eclipse.
Which best describes a simple machine?
A non-powered device that multiplies or changes the direction of a force
What can an herbivore be categorized as?
A primary consumer
What is a convection current?
A process in fluids whereby warm fluid rise, and cooler fluid sinks
A hypothesis is?
A proposed explanation for a scientific observations
What is momentum?
A quantity of motion equal to the product of the mass and the velocity of the object.
Scientific Investigation
A quest to find the answer to a question using the scientific method
What is the pH scale, and what is its range?
A scale for measuring how acidic something is with a range of 0-14
What is an inclined plane?
A tilted surface
What is an allele?
A variation of a gene
What is a mechanical wave?
A wave that is a vibration in matter, transferring energy through a material
What is a coefficient?
A whole number that appears in front of a compound or element in a balanced chemical equation.
What is one way to best describe the term Observation
A witnessed and recorded event
Scientific Law
Also known as "Principles" A statement based on repeated experimental observation that describes some aspect of the universe
Which molecule would likely contain nitrogen?
Amino acids
Liter
An SI accepted metric system unit of volume equal to 1 cubic decimetre , 1,000 cubic centimetres or 1/1,000 cubic metre
An eclipse where the Moon blocks the Sun, but this cannot be seen in full from the Earth's surface is called what?
An annular eclipse.
Which of the following is NOT a principle of Darwin's theory of evolution?
An individual can evolve.
Why does momentum seem to disappear when you push a shopping cart and let it stop on its own?
Because momentum can be absorbed by the Earth and ground.
If the Moon is so much smaller than the Sun, why can it block it out?
Because the Moon is also much closer to us than the Sun.
When should you read through the lab instructions?
Before doing the lab
Which of these is NOT likely to be fossilized?
Brains
Which of the following is true about conclusions drawn from experimental data?
Conclusions are opinions
What are the two types of aquifers?
Confined and unconfined
Which of the following is NOT a source of visible light?
Cool metal
In which part of the ovary are oocytes produced?
Cortex
A ________ bond is formed when atoms share electrons.
Covalent
Select the gel-like substance that contains the organelles in a cell.
Cytoplasm
Which of the following equations is balanced?
C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O
All waves move _____.
Energy
When all members of a species have died off the species is:
Extinct
On a school trip, Jenny learned about a gigantic volcanic eruption and saw some of the rocks it formed. Which kind of rocks did she see?
Extrusive igneous
How do humans manifest the idea of best genes?
Falling for a funny person Falling for an attractive person Falling for someone who is confident
Jones Oil Company recently hired an outside consultant to examine their use of harmful chemicals in their process. They are hoping to reduce the amount they use. This is an application of _____ of integrated waste management.
First Priority
What are icebergs?
Floating chunks of glaciers
The point underground where the earthquake occurs is called the:
Focus
The vertical motion of a projectile is influenced by
Gravity only
Experimental Group
Group that receives some kind of change to their natural environments
Plants that have cones rather than flowers for seed production are best known as:
Gymnosperms
Which of the following forms of precipitation causes the most damage to people and their property?
Hail
Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer of a prickly pear cactus?
Harris's Antelope Squirrel
Which of the following is NOT a part of the digestive system?
Heart
What is the purpose of processing a substance with a mortar and pestle?
Helps substances dissolve more quickly.
How does a higher amplitude affect the way you hear a sound?
Higher amplitude sounds are louder
What describes how much water vapor is in the air?
Humidity
Where would you be most likely to find a seepage spring?
In a depression in the ground
electron shell
In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or a principal energy level, may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus
Where do we find groundwater?
In the saturated zone
Where do coral reefs grow?
In warm, shallow waters.
What was the effect of killing all the wolves in western Europe?
Increased deer populations, less tree regrowth
The visible light spectrum sits between the _____ and _____ regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Infrared; ultraviolet
What happens to air when it is heated?
It becomes less dense.
Which of the following statements about nitrous oxide is TRUE?
It has a warming impact that is 300 times that of carbon dioxide.
Which of the following statements is true concerning household electrical power (in the U.S.):
It is typically 110-120V, 60Hz, single-phase AC
The largest planet by mass in our solar system is _____.
Jupiter
What are four types of wetlands?
Marsh, swamp, fen, bog
Which of the following reproductive behaviors can be easily observed?
Mating dance
Atomic Theory was developed out of the need to understand
Matter
Conservation of matter means that:
Matter is never created nor destroyed.
If you conduct an experiment and the hypothesis can't be confirmed, what should you do?
Modify the hypothesis
What does NASA stand for?
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
How are strata organized?
Oldest on bottom, youngest on top
How do signals travel between a GPS satellite and an on-the-ground GPS receiver?
Only from the satellite to the receiver
What is geotropism?
Our bodies response to gravity
Which of the following statements does NOT represent the idea of heritability by acquired characteristics?
Over time, a population of heavily striped zebras increased over those without as much striping, as the heavily striped ones had a competitive advantage over the zebras with fewer stripes, and were, therefore, better able to reproduce.
How do we know that the earth's outer core is fluid?
P waves travel through the center, S waves do not
What are the two types of body waves?
P-waves and S-waves.
Which of the following types of seismic waves causes the least damage?
P-waves.
What layer of the leaf is responsible for photosynthesis?
Palisade layer
Which of these mates for life?
Penguins
In which direction does the normal force always act?
Perpendicular to the surface
What are tectonic plates comprised of?
Pieces of the planet's lithosphere.
How are primary pollutants compared to secondary pollutants?
Primary pollutants are air pollutants that are emitted directly from a source, whereas secondary pollutants are formed when primary pollutants react chemically in the atmosphere.
What is another name for scientific law?
Principle
How do humans benefit from estuaries?
Recreation Transportation Fishing
Renee has started to compost her food scraps and leaves/yard trimmings. When it all breaks down into soil, she'll use that for her garden. This is an example of which?
Recycle
Which best defines observations
Sensory experiences
The average thickness of the oceanic crust is ______.
Six kilometers
Which of the following household chemicals is the main ingredient in bleach or bleach products?
Sodium hypochlorite
All four wave phenomena can be observed when studying what type of waves?
Sound Waves Light Waves Water Waves
Rivers and streams flow in which order?
Source, Waterfall, Mouth
Which level of organization in taxonomy is the most specific?
Species
Which concept best describes the actual amount of water vapor in the air?
Specific humidity
Which of the following describes the collision of a cool front with a warm front?
Stormy weather
How does tensional stress differ from shear stress?
Tensional stress occurs when rocks are pulled apart, while shear stress occurs when rocks slide past each other in opposite directions.
Once and hypothesis is generated, what is the best next step?
Test the hypothesis through experimentation
Observation
The active acquisition of information from a primary source
Spring tides occur because of:
The additive effects of the tides caused by the moon and sun
In which two locations does gas exchange take place?
The alveoli and the capillaries
Which best describes pressure?
The amount of force for a given area
What is the most basic unit of life?
The cell
In eukaryotic organisms, the DNA is stored where?
The cell nucleus
Scholasticism
The debated and learning of universities in the Middle Ages which attempted to better understand and interpret ancient text
Which of the following describes the meaning of polarization?
The direction that a light wave vibrates (or oscillates).
A collection of fossils that documents the history of life on Earth is called:
The fossil record
Model improvement
The main usage of alternative models
How does the mantle differ from the crust?
The mantle is the thickest layer of Earth, while the crust is the thinnest.
What does the amount of friction depend on?
The materials of the two objects
What does it mean to be a polar molecule?
The molecule has a positive and negative charge on opposite ends of the molecule.
Which of these has the most influence on the tides?
The moon
Which of the following is NOT a condition for simple harmonic motion?
The motion must be continuous and not change direction.
The next level of complexity after the organ system is what?
The organism
Where is the Earth's magnetic field thought to be generated?
The outer core
Which of these acts both as a secondary and tertiary consumer?
The seal.
Which parts of the Earth are contained in the lithosphere?
The upper mantle and the crust.
Why do many geologists study layers of strata?
They want to learn more about the history of the Earth.
According to Darwin, why did finches have different beaks on the islands of the Galapagos?
They were each tailored to specific foods
When the weather is very hot, what will happen to the stomata?
They will be closed to prevent water loss.
The influence generally long-term mechanical stimuli implant on plant growth and development is called:
Thigmomorphogenesis
The touch or vibration induced movement or curvature of a plant in a certain direction or manner that is independent of the direction from which the stimulus appears is most properly called:
Thigmonasty
A vine relies on ___to curl its way around a tree:
Thigmotropism
Swatting a mosquito is an example of which of the following?
Use of the somatic nervous system
Which of the following is a tissue that transports water and minerals through the plant?
Xylem
A recessive allele is written with _____
a lowercase letter
reservoirs
a storage space for fluids
Electrons from a battery flow through an electric circuit from the _____ to the _____.
anode, cathode
For a gene, if allele 'B' is dominant to allele 'b', then which genotype would you expect to be present when a recessive trait is present?
bb
The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as
cellular respiration
Microwaves are used for
cooking food sending television signals radar
Taking an endangered species to a zoo when its habitat is completely destroyed is an example of _____.
ex-situ conservation
An index fossil represents a species that _____.
existed for a relatively short period of time
If Fossil A is found in a lower rock layer, and Fossil B is found in an upper rock layer, then Species A most likely _____.
existed less recently than Species B
A sonic boom is produced when an airplane travels
faster than the speed of sound
Marshes can be
freshwater and saline
Where is most of Earth's LIQUID freshwater?
groundwater
Magnetic domains are:
groups of magnetic atoms aligned with each other
All of the following can be used to describe the cells in animals, except:
have cell walls
Faraday's Law states that _____.
he induced voltage in a coil is proportional to the number of turns in the coil and to the rate at which the magnetic field is changing
We measure wave frequency in
hertz
solid
one of the four fundamental states of matter
element
or member, of a set is any one of the distinct objects that make up that set
Six types of air pollutants were identified by the EPA because they _____
pose the greatest risk to human health
If you measure a volume of liquid 5 times, and each time you get the same value but it is off from the 'true' value by 10 ml, these measurements would be considered
precise
Recessive traits are _____
present with a homozygous recessive genotype
Similar poles _____ and opposite poles _____.
repel, attract
The words 'homeo' and 'stasis' mean:
similar and stable
When living cells break down molecules of food, energy is
stored as ATP
What does it mean when the enthalpy change for a reaction is negative?
that the reaction is exothermic
Irrigation water
the method in which water is supplied to plants at regular intervals for agriculture
Atoms can act like tiny magnets because:
the moving electrons create a magnetic force field
The main difference between fens and bogs is
their water input source
Due to the earth's rotation, how will wind be deflected?
towards the right in the northern hemisphere
A vent is a deep crack in the Earth's crust that allows _____ to rise up to the surface
water minerals steam
Fruit is made _____ .
when the ovary matures
Experiment
- A procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis - A possible explanation of the observations mode
Hypothesis
- A proposed explanation of a phenomenon - A possible explanation for the observations mode
What are examples of change?
- A random mutation in a organisms DNA - A caterpillar developing into a butterfly - The difference in daily temperature throughout the week
Mendel's experiments led to modern genetics and the use of
- His methods of conducting research - Laws of segregation - The law of independent assortment
Mendel was a
- Scientist - Preist - Teacher
A hypothesis
- The single assertion, a proposed explanation of something based on available knowledge, for something yet to be explained, one that is subject to further experimentation.
What describes vitally important parts of scientific investigations
- The use of data as evidence for a hypothesis - Applying logical reasoning to your explanation of the phenonmenon - Collection of empirical data
What is a true statement about scientific theories.
- Theories are used to explain why natural phenomena occur. - Theories can be changed in new evidence arises - Theories are based on sets of hypotheses.
Why do scientists have differing opinions about what the same set of data means?
- They are biased by their education - They are influenced by their employer or funding source - They simply interpret the data differently - They have personal beliefs that differ
What are systems?
- They are collection of parts - The parts work together - The parts influence each other
How deep can drilled wells go into the ground?
1,000 feet
The sun's radius is around:
100 times greater than that of Earth
When did the Scientific Revolution
16th-17th century
Mendel published his work in _______, but did not receive much recognition until the _______
1866, 1900's
When did space travel first begin?
1942
How long have modern humans been around?
200,000 years
At what temperature does evaporation occur fastest?
212 F (100 C)
What is the condensation point of water?
212 degrees Fahrenheit
What would be the expected ratio of genotypes in a cross between two parents who were both heterozygous?
25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous recessive
How much ATP is produced in aerobic respiration?
36 ATP
A runner competes in the 400 meter dash and finishes with a time of 64 seconds. If the track is a perfect oval, with the starting line and finish line at the same point, and the runner's average speed was 6.25 meters/second, what was the total distance travelled by the runner?
400 meters
Convert 4 feet to inches.
48 inches
How many mass extinctions have occurred on Earth?
5
The sun's surface temperature is equal to:
5800 K
A base in chemistry has a pH level greater than:
7
What is the rate of acceleration for all objects on Earth?
9.8 meters per second^2
If you are dissecting a specimen, which would you be LEAST likely to use to help you?
A Bunsen burner
Plato
A Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the western world
Gregor Mendel
A German-speaking Moravian-Silesian scientist and Augustinian friar and abbot of St
Which of these is an example of a juvenile animal?
A baby A tadpole A bear cub
Which of these is an example of confidence?
A bear proving its size A peacock showing off for a potential mate Dressing up to go to a party
What is verifiable evidence?
A body of facts and information showing whether a proposition is true or untrue, where those facts and information can be confirmed by taking another look at the real world.
What is a detergent?
A cleaning agent that is soluble in water and combines with dirt to make it soluble in water too
Which of the following is NOT an example of a polarizer?
A clear, regular pane of glass.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an agonistic behavior?
A cobra flaring its hood and striking at a predator
What is a binary compound?
A compound composed of only two elements.
Donna noticed that as she was creating a solution, an acid was formed when a base gained a proton. Which of the following is Donna noticing?
A conjugate acid
Which of the following describes a convex mirror?
A curved (often spherical) mirror, where the mirrored surface is on the outside of the spherical curve.
Which of the following causes condensation in water?
A decrease in temperature
Which of the following is the best example of an altruistic behavior?
A dolphin swimming in a circle to round up fish so that the other dolphins can catch them as they attempt to escape.
Which best describes friction?
A force exerted by the surface of an object
What is a good hypothesis based on?
A good scientific question
Dark Ages
A historical periodization traditionally meaning the Middle Ages
Which of the following is least likely to be the alpha of a social group?
A large sub-adult male in a spotted hyena clan
How is a scientific law different from a scientific theory?
A law does not explain why something happens
Which of the following best defines reversed polarity?
A magnetic field aligned in the opposite direction as the earth's present-day magnetic field.
Which best describes a fluid?
A material that flows
Which piece of equipment is used to see very small specimens and samples?
A microscope
What was the main discovery when people began mapping the ocean floor after World War II?
A mid-ocean ridge that ran through the Atlantic Ocean.
What is the definition of a spherical mirror?
A mirror that has a consistent curve and a constant radius of curvature.
Stratified Random Sample
A more complicated version of a simple random sample.
An eclipse where the Moon blocks the Sun completely, and is visible from somewhere on the Earth's surface is called what?
A solar eclipse.
Clustered Sample
A specific type of convenience sample that's based on a particular geographic area
What is a mirror?
A surface that is smooth enough to produce a clear image.
What is the appropriate definition for integrated waste management?
A system that combines a variety of strategies for both waste management and waste reduction.
Science
A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanation and predictions about the universe
What might you use to run a reaction or observe substances in the lab?
A test tube
What is the power consumed by an AC spotlight that is driven by a voltage that has a 300V peak value and has an internal resistance of 10 ohms?
About 4500W
Fungi get nutrition from other organisms by ______.
Absorption
Which of the following is not a source of mechanical weathering?
Acid rain
What are common effects of acid rain?
Acidic lakes and streams Erosion in building materials and stone statues Sick or dying trees
In humans, detection of stimuli in the external environment is most important for _____.
Adaptation
If you were being chased by a lion, which of the following would release adrenaline?
Adrenal gland
Which of the following describe the process of glacier expansion?
Advance
What type of respiration needs oxygen?
Aerobic
When we talk about winds on Earth, which of the following is true?
Air flows from areas of higher air pressure to areas of lower air pressure.
Ozone
An inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O3
What weather event takes place when a cold front moves faster than a warm front and then overtakes it?
An occluded front
Which of the following is NOT a possible source of a seismic wave?
An opera singer.
North Carolina contains a large number of pig farms. Why would local residents near these farms be concerned about the quality of their groundwater?
Animal farms and processing plants are sources of dangerous bacteria and other pathogens that pollute groundwater.
How does natural selection work?
Animals or plants best suited to a particular environment will thrive and reproduce while those with less advantageous traits will die out
Groundwater is stored in _____?
Aquifers
When the immune system does not work properly, it can cause _____.
Arthritis Diabetes Autoimmune Disorder
Charles Darwin
As English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution
What do biologists think the most common reason for migration is?
Availability of food.
Why was Galileo persecuted by the Church for his ideas while his contemporary Johannes Kepler was not?
Because Kepler was a Protestant living in a Protestant country, out of Church's reach, while Galileo was a Catholic living in a Catholic country
Bacteria use which type of cell division?
Binary fission
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Biodiversity within a species is easy to determine through the fossil record
Which of the following is a true statement about bones?
Bones are used as lever arms to facilitate body movements.
In pea plants, having smooth pods is dominant to having wrinkled ones. What would be an explanation for wrinkled pods showing up if both parents were smooth?
Both parents carried the recessive trait.
Which of the following is NOT a property of sound?
Brightness
When air travels from the trachea into the lungs, which are the passageways that fork off into each lung?
Bronchi
If you need to dispense a precise amount of volume, which instrument would you use?
Burette
What lab emergencies require flushing with water?
Burns Spill of corrosive material on skin or eyes Cuts
How are the animal-like protists organized?
By how they move
How does a lever make work seem 'easier'?
By increasing the distance the force is applied over
How do you prevent spherical aberration?
By making your mirrors parabolic in shape.
How are humans threatening estuaries?
By overdeveloping the areas surrounding estuaries
How does green chemistry directly benefit businesses?
By producing higher yields
Which of the following explains how the kidney concentrates urea in the renal tubules?
By reabsorbing water from the renal tubules.
How does green chemistry support the goals of source reduction?
By reducing overall amount of hazardous waste and decreasing use of raw materials
Which of the following components holds onto a charge and releases it in a burst?
Capacitor
Water's ability to move against gravity in a narrow space, such as a tube, is called:
Capillary action.
What substances are involved in photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide Sunlight Water
What differentiates cardiac muscle from smooth muscle?
Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart, and smooth muscle is found elsewhere.
Which other body system operates in conjunction with the respiratory system to ensure that oxygen is delivered to all body tissues?
Cardiovascular system
Who is the father of biochemistry?
Carl Neuberg
Which of the following is NOT vitally important to consider for maintenance and storage of lab equipment?
Cataloging the location of equipment
As you age, the proteins in the lens can begin to clump together and form a cloudy spot, which we call which one of the following?
Cataracts
This is the hypothesis that states that our solar system formed thanks to a sudden and improbable event such as the collision of two stars:
Catastrophic hypothesis
Which dwarf planet does not reside in the Kuiper belt?
Ceres
Placebo Effect
Change in behavior because you expect a change
The movement of continents over the earth's surface influences climate by which of the following?
Changing position on the globe, sometimes by centimeters each year, which we can identify by observing fossil records
_____ describes how a mineral breaks along a smooth plane while _____ describes a mineral break that is uneven or not flat.
Cleavage; fracture
What is the long-term trends in weather conditions for a given location?
Climate
Condensation is responsible for what?
Cloud formation
Which of the following is NOT an example of a renewable resource?
Coal
What is coevolution?
Coevolution occurs when the fitness of two different species is tightly linked and these two species evolve in response to evolutionary changes in each other.
The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules is best described as:
Cohesion
Which of the following concepts help explain why water can travel up a narrow tube?
Cohesion and Specific Gravity
Which structure associated with phloem carries out metabolic activities for the phloem?
Companion cells
What was the accepted theory about the Earth's continents during Wegener's time?
Continents were static and did not move
What is the cause of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains on Earth?
Convection currents in the mantle.
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
Converting ammonia into urea.
What type of weather would you expect from an air mass with a classification of cA in the winter?
Cool, dry air
What are downsides of space travel?
Cosmic garbage Damage to human bone and muscle All are downsides to space travel Increased radiation exposure
Why do female bears only mate with one male?
Cost of raising a cub means that only the best genes are worth the effort Can only raise one or two cubs at a time Quality over quantity
The compound carbon tetrachloride is formed when a carbon atom shares electrons with four chlorine atoms. What type of bond is this?
Covalent
What is the term used for the shuffling of genetic information that is seen in Prophase I?
Crossing Over
Thunderhead clouds form from which type of cloud?
Cumulonimbus
Which of the following are thunderstorm clouds that produce strong rainstorms, snowstorms, and hail?
Cumulonimbus clouds
Which of the following is known as the 'cousin' of RNA?
DNA
Place the following terms in order building out from the most basic informational subunit to the entire genetic unit:
DNA Nucleosome Chromatin Chromosome
When fecal coliform bacteria is found in a water sample, what is the likely conclusion?
Dangerous bacteria and pathogens are likely present.
One critical role that fungi play in our world is that of ______.
Decomposer
Compound X is converted to elements A and B. Compound X has undergone a _____ reaction.
Decomposition
As the frequencies of the pure spectral colors increase, the wavelengths of the colors:
Decrease
Antacids work to decrease excess stomach acid by:
Decreasing H^+
Which of the following is an effect of deforestation?
Deforestation decreases soil health.
Due to _______, the ice sheets are melting and the polar bear is losing the area in which it hunts.
Degradation Pollution Warmer temperatures
DNA stands for which of the following?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is a type of natural habitat?
Deserts Forests Wetlands
What causes the phases of the Moon?
Different amounts of sunlight hitting the Earth-facing side of the Moon
Which of the following is a symptom of a hyperactive thyroid?
Difficulty sleeping
If you wanted to learn more about the soil composition in a particular area, what would you need to do?
Dig up a large enough soil profile ranging from the surface to the underlying rock.
Which process would biochemistry help explain?
Digestion of a fat
If a polyatomic ionic compound has gained two hydrogen ions, then how does its name begin?
Dihydrogen
Which type of natural selection pushes traits away from the average in one direction?
Directional selection
Which of the following is NOT an example of a reason that much of the natural world is no longer in equilibrium?
Disease has killed many animals
What type of natural selection favors traits at both ends of the normal range of variation?
Disruptive selection
What do meters measure?
Distance
How is relative humidity calculated?
Divide the specific humidity by the saturation point
What are lab safety rules
Don't eat or drink in the lab Wash your hands Report all spills
Which of the following is NOT an important tip for proper measurement technique?
Don't worry about eye line if you need to measure at two different locations at around the same time
What are appropriate actions to take if someone is caught on fire?
Douse them with water Tell them to stop, drop, and roll Pat them with a fire blanket
This is the most common type of well today.
Drilled
Plants close their stomata and coil their leaves mainly when placed in ___ situations:
Drought
Choose the set of factors that will most certainly lead to desertification.
Drought, aggressive agricultural, and grazing practices.
Evaporation is increased by increases in which of the following?
Dry conditions Sunlight Air temperature Wind
Male sterilization is a procedure used to prevent the transport of sperm to the outside of the body. It can be done under local anesthesia, through a small cut in the scrotum, outside the main body cavity. Which of the following structures could be involved in this procedure?
Ductus Deferens
The ampulla is an expanded portion of:
Ductus Deferens
Which of the following statements is true about chemical disposal?
Each chemical has specific disposal instructions
Random Assignment
Each person in the study has an equal chance of being in either the control group or the experimental group
Which of the following are factors affecting Earth's seasons and climate?
Earth's axis tilt Earth's orbital revolution around the sun Earth's wind and ocean current patterns
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting Earth's seasons and climate?
Earth's distance from the sun
Which of the following of Earth's properties is responsible for daytime and nighttime?
Earth's rotation
Select the most appropriate option: Wireless communication uses _____ to transmit a signal.
Electromagnetic
Which structure is responsible for the maturation of sperm (spermatozoa)?
Epididymis
Which of these correctly lists the order of structures that transport sperm to the outside of the body?
Epididymis, Ductus Deferens, Ejaculatory Duct, Urethra
Which of the following would be best used for swirling and mixing liquids?
Erlenmeyer flask
Which of these external earth processes creates valleys?
Erosion
How is erosion different from weathering?
Erosion is the movement of rock, while weathering is the breaking down of rock.
_____ is the movement of soil particles by water, and _____ is when they are left in a new place.
Erosion, deposition
Bacteria are a part of domain _____.
Eubacteria
Which domain contains both the plant and animal kingdoms?
Eukarya
Asexual reproduction involves two plants exchanging genetic information.
False
Which is NOT a level of interaction studied by ecologists?
Family
Which of the following statements about taxonomic levels is correct?
Family is more specific than order
The glomeruli and renal tubules play an important part in which of the following bodily functions?
Filtering blood
What are important thing to have available in a lab for emergency situations?
Fire extinguisher and blanket First aid kit Emergency shower and eye wash
Which of the following is true about firn?
Firn is a frozen intermediate between ice and snow in a glacier
What does phloem transport?
Food
In order for an object to move, which of the following must act on it?
Force
What is work?
Force * distance
Describe F=ma
Force equals mass times acceleration
Nicolaus Copernicus
Formulated modern heliocentrism in his influential work on the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
A gardener breaks stems from a marigold flower and plants them in the soil to grow new plants. This is an example of
Fragmentation
What type of damage is caused when a road is paved through a natural habitat?
Fragmentation
Which type of precipitation forms when there are warm atmospheric temperatures, but a thin band of below freezing air near the ground?
Freezing rain
Which part of the digestive system stores bile until it is needed?
Gallbladder
In an ecosystem, lions eat gazelles, and gazelles eat wild grasses. What happens if the population of lions does down?
Gazelle populations increase, and wild grass populations decrease
At their core, what do courtship rituals show off?
Genes
If a lab chemical or poisonous substance is ingested, what action should be taken?
Go to the emergency room and contact poison control for advice
What is the metric unit for weight?
Gram
David is analyzing a rock. He knows that it was revealed by erosion and he can see large crystal structures through the magnifying glass. Which kind of rock is David analyzing?
Granite
If you wanted to plant a large garden for growing fruits and vegetables, what type of soil structure would produce the best results?
Granular
Which vector is separated into different components when an object is on an inclined plane?
Gravity
The best method for assessing water pollution is to:
Have scientists conduct tests for contaminants.
Why did Darwin wait over 20 years after he returned from his voyage to publish his theories?
He feared backlash from the religious community
Mitochondria are the organelles that produce energy for the cell. The amount of mitochondria in a given type of cell depends on its function. Which of the following cells would you expect to have the highest amount of mitochondria?
Heart cells
Which of the following is an example of a parasympathetic response?
Heart rate slowing
How does a higher frequency affect the way you hear a sound?
Higher frequency sounds have a higher pitch
Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction in plants?
Higher probability of spreading mutations Increased competition Greater vulnerability to disease
Which factor is a measurement of the amount of water in the air, measured as a percentage using a hygrometer?
Humidity
Which acid is used primarily in the stomach for digestion?
Hydrochloric acid
Which of the following sources of electricity generation causes global warming?
Hydroelectric power
The sun is mainly composed of:
Hydrogen
The nucleic acid building blocks of DNA and RNA are made up of which of the following?
Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Nitrogen
What do you measure dew point with?
Hygrometer
Which part of the uterine tubes receives released oocytes from the ovary?
Infundibulum
What is the correct order of the structures the oocyte would pass on its way to the uterus?
Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus
What do scientists think cause magnetic field weakening and reversals?
Instabilities in the outer core
How are red blood cells specialized?
Instead of a nucleus, they have a lot of hemoglobin to help them carry oxygen.
Although not a stage of mitosis, this phase of a cell's life is when DNA is copied.
Interphase
Even though meiosis is a big event for a cell, most of a cell's life is spent in this phase where it is growing and replicating DNA.
Interphase
________ bonds are formed when one atom gains or loses electrons to another atom.
Ionic
What is the correct name for Fe(OH)3?
Iron (III) hydroxide
What are barrier islands?
Islands that form from sedimentation parallel to a coast
How does construction of a dam along a river affect fish?
It creates barriers to their upstream migration.
How should you dispose of substances in the lab?
It depends on the specific instructions for each substance
Which of the following statements accurately describe ice:
It has a crystalline structure.
ow is it possible that the moon always faces the Earth?
It has a synchronous orbit
If some ocean water has low salinity and a high temperature, what can we tell about its density?
It has low density.
Why is Earth called the blue planet?
It shows up as a bright blue hue from space since it is covered with water.
Which of the following organisms is multicellular?
Kelp
What is the standard unit of mass?
Kilogram
Which of the following is a type of social behavior in animals?
Kin selection Territorial behavior Dominance hierarchy Altruism
Where might one most likely find fossils locked in combat?
La Brea Tar Pits
Surface water is mostly found on Earth in the form of _____.
Lakes
Which of the following is a true statement regarding lakes and ponds?
Lakes and ponds are both formed from retreating glaciers, tectonic movement, and volcanic activity
In which part of the digestive system is water absorbed?
Large intestine
Which of the following is NOT filtered out of the glomerular capillaries?
Large molecules
What are the plates of the Earth's crust?
Large pieces of lithosphere that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle.
What is a glacier?
Large sheets of compressed snow that solidified into ice
Roger Bacon
Largely responsible for crafting the scientific method
Which of the following is NOT generally considered to be a piece of science lab equipment?
Light fixtures
Which of the following types of waves is NOT a mechanical wave?
Light waves
Why is stability a good thing?
Limits carryover effects on other species Means the species won't run out of food Means the species is healthy
What is the metric unit for volume?
Liter
Which of the following can NOT be found dissolved within ocean water
Lithium
Which best describes a liquid?
Little space between particles Has surface tension Incompressible A fluid
The pH scale is:
Logarithmic
Which of the following types of waves is a wave where the vibration is parallel to the direction of motion?
Longitudinal wave
Which of the following lead to an increase in the size of barrier islands?
Longshore currents
Which of the following compares longwall mining to solution mining?
Longwall mining is used to shear coal from mine walls while solution mining involves hot water injected into the ore to dissolve it.
Which of the following types of seismic waves causes the most damage?
Love waves.
Which is one of the four main categories of cloud?
Low Middle Vertical High
Which of the following terms is used to describe hot molten rock from deep within the earth?
Magma
Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
Magma rises because it is less dense than the rock it originated from and collects in magma chambers
What is the correct name for MgCl2?
Magnesium chloride
What discovery was NOT made from mapping the ocean floor?
Magnetic immobility
All of the following factors can affect the planet's climate EXCEPT:
Major storms
What is the first think you would do if you were attempting to develop a scientific theory
Make an observation and research a phenomenon
What is a strategy for analyzing data?
Making comparisons
A statistician is analyzing a data set, and notices that the values are clustered quite close together. What measure of central tendency would be optimal for this data set?
Mean
What are the mathematical concepts that measure the single value that attempts to describe the data set in its entirety?
Measures of central tendency
Which measure of central tendency can be used to get an idea of what values fall above the midpoint and what values fall below the midpoint?
Median
What is the name of the process by which sex cells are created?
Meiosis
Which type of cell division creates sperm or egg cells?
Meiosis
Which of the following is FALSE regarding meiosis?
Meiosis is what happens when body cells divide to form identical body cells
The order of the planets, starting with the nearest ones to the sun are:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Which of the following is the best example of a sugar source?
Mesophyll layer of leaves
Which level of the atmosphere is too far down to be warmed directly by the sun and too far up to benefit from the warmth trapped by clouds in the troposphere?
Mesosphere
When a parent rock is changed due to high pressure or temperature, which type of rock is formed?
Metamorphic
In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the formula for Magnesium oxide?
MgO
Which organelle provides the energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
Which method of cell division creates what are sometimes called daughter cells?
Mitosis
Palm trees have parallel veins, long leaves, vascular tissue, and flowers with groups of three petals. Based on this information, palm trees can best be classified as:
Monocot
Which of the following reproductive behaviors are most likely to be courtship behaviors?
Monogamy
El Nino weather patterns occur on a fairly regular basis about every two to seven years. Sometimes, two El Nino seasons occur in subsequent years. What is the most likely effect on the weather in southern states during El Nino years?
More rain and cooler temperatures during the winter months
Which of the following scenarios will most likely require MORE power?
More work, less time
Which are a metapopulation?
Most of humanity in a globalized society Salmon mating at the end of their lives Bears meeting to mate once every few years
These are unusually weak ocean tides at first or third quarter moon:
Neap tides
Who was the first person on the moon?
Neil Armstrong
What is the phase of the Moon called when you cannot see the Moon?
New Moon
What is the standard unit of weight in physics?
Newtons
Are the cell types in two organs from different organ systems the same?
No, each organ and organ system has unique cell types.
The water in the Gulf of Mexico near Biloxi, Mississippi has gone from being an enjoyable place to swim to quite contaminated. Leaves and other contaminants flow into the water from pipes under the beach, several casinos are under construction near the ocean, and agricultural runoff occurs. This is an example of what type of water pollution?
Non-point source pollution.
Which of the following is not a type of galaxy?
Non-spiral
What magnetic readings are detected in stripes of the ocean floor closest to the crest of ocean ridges?
Normal polarity
From which direction does a northerly wind blow?
North
Displacement is
Not dependent on measuring the length of the exact path taken by an object Represented by delta s How far an object has moved with respect to its initial and final position, regardless of path taken A vector quantity, requiring both magnitude and direction
Which source of electricity generation produces the least carbon dioxide?
Nuclear power
What do all eukaryotes have that prokaryotes do not?
Nucleus
Which is a membrane-bound organelle?
Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Chloroplasts Mitochondria
What profession deals with biochemistry?
Nursing Soil scientist Executive chef
Which of the following terms is used to describe mature undulations occurring in open ocean waters?
Ocean swells
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning oceans and circulation patterns?
Ocean waters are good at holding heat and can transfer their heat to air affecting the climate
Why does oceanic crust slide below the continental crust in a convergent boundary to create ocean trenches?
Oceanic crust is more dense and more likely to be pushed back into the mantle.
How many trophic levels does an omnivore feed on within an ecosystem?
Omnivores feed at all trophic levels.
Where is a rain shadow effect most likely to occur?
On the leeward side of a mountain, because the air is sinking and warming while absorbing moisture.
What is gravity?
One of the fundamental forces of the universe, one that causes every object in the universe to attract every other object.
____ are the type of Leukocytes that chew up antigens.
Phagocytes
Are phenotypes caused by genes or environment?
Phenotypes can be caused by a combination of genes and environment
Which molecules make up the bulk of a cell membrane?
Phospholipids
Which cell process is the exact opposite gas exchange as cell respiration?
Photosynthesis
Which of the following is NOT an example of a sugar sink?
Photosynthetic layer in leaves
Galileo Galilie
Pioneered the development of the modern telescope, and was condemned as a heretic by the Catholic Church for supporting heliocentrism
When a male hits puberty, which of the following is responsible for telling the testes to release testosterone?
Pituitary gland
Surface waters being overdrawn can have what effect?
Plant and animal species are forced to relocate or become extinct The source can become a hostile environment Human economy can tank around a depleted source
Which of the following is are the Kingdoms of Life?
Plantae Protista Animalia
Plants are a renewable resource that provide which of the following product(s) for our use?
Plants provide all of these products for our use
Which of these is an organelle plant cells have but animal cells do not?
Plastids
Which of the following theories asserts that earth's crust is broken up into plates
Plate Tectonics
What is the effect of predation on prey?
Predation is a strong selective force for prey organisms.
Which of these can the fossil record tell us?
Presence of disease Changes in water availability Changes in food availability
The purpose of the results section in a scientific paper is to:
Present and illustrate the findings from an experiment
Which is not a role of the cell membrane?
Prevents all substances from entering a cell
Which relative dating technique states that rocks are deposited in a flat continuous sheet or layer?
Principle of Lateral Continuity
Which of the following is the main concern of using nuclear material as an electricity source?
Production of radioactive waste
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two _____.
Pyruvate molecules
What properly describes data that is descriptive, rather than numerical?
Qualitative Data
What two factors cause planets and stars to be roughly spherical?
Radial gravitational attraction, and the spin speed increasing over time.
Which color of light will have the fastest speed when light goes from air to water?
Red
What kind of dating can we establish with the principle of fossil succession?
Relative
Which of these uses the relative location of a fossil to figure out its age?
Relative geological aging
What is a strata?
Rock layer
If you wanted to collect sedimentary rocks, what sort of characteristics would you look for in a rock's composition?
Rock made from eroded material broken off other rocks and cemented together.
Which scale is used to categorize hurricanes?
Saffir-Simpson
Which of these is a primary consumer?
Sand eel.
Which term is best described as the creation of new oceanic crust due to the upwelling of magma?
Sea floor spreading
Which of the three priorities for integrated waste management deals with the actions of individuals and small businesses?
Second Priority
All of the following statements regarding the Rock cycle. Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks are TRUE except:
Sedimentary rock is formed from magma leaking to the surface of the earth.
Insects often eat leaves and other plant structures in order to obtain nutrients such as sugar. Which location in a plant will most likely provide sugars for the insect because it is a part of the phloem?
Sieve tubes
In which part of the digestive system are glucose and other useful molecules absorbed?
Small intestine
What happens to the solar light energy in photosynthesis?
Some of it is transformed into chemical energy stored in a sugar molecule.
What forms a zygote?
Sperm and an egg
Which of the following are part of the central nervous system?
Spinal cord and brain
Before beginning projectile motion problems, you need to
Split the horizontal motion and vertical motion
All of the following belong to the Animalia Kingdom
Sponge Flatworm Duck-Billed Platypus
During which of the following tides do we see the tidal range between high and low tide at its maximum?
Spring tides
These are low tides that are very low and high tides that are very high at full and new moon:
Spring tides
Which type of natural selection pushes traits toward the average?
Stabilizing selection
What should you do with substances that are heating?
Stay with them at all times
The study of how sedimentary rock layers form and how they are related to one another is a branch of geology known as which one of the following?
Stratigraphy
What are examples of a viable hypothesis?
Students who can attend class do better on exams that students who do not attend class
Which of the following gases is involved in acid rain?
Sulfur dioxide
What should you do if a substance is not labelled?
Tell your lab instructor
Which of the following is a component of weather patterns that influences air density?
Temperature
What two factors affect atmospheric pressure?
Temperature and altitude
The basic, modern concept of atomic theory did not develop until
The 17th Century
In what decade was Pluto's designation as a planet first called into question?
The 1970s
Which of the following major plates is located farthest south?
The Antarctic Plate
What is capable of impacting climate by holding heat in the atmosphere?
The Greenhouse Effect
What separates the South American plate and the African plate?
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Control Group
The Natural or Baseline group
What is the name given to an area of the Pacific Ocean Basin that is tectonically active?
The Ring of Fire
What creates a barrier island?
The accumulation of sediments from ocean waves or melting glaciers.
What divides the two major eons (the Precambrian and Phanerozoic Eons)?
The appearance of multicellular organisms
What is the polar front?
The area below the Midlatitude Jet Stream The area below the Polar Jet Stream The area between warm equatorial air and the cold air from the poles
Meter
The base of length in the International System of Units
What is an example of a cycle?
The changing of seasons
How can you determine the charge of an ion formed by a representative element?
The charge of the ion formed is related to the element's group number.
What is the definition of biochemistry?
The chemistry of life or the study of the processes behind all living organisms
An air conditioner and a refrigerator use a gas that easily converts to a liquid and back again. What part of both machines accomplish this?
The condenser
The solar atmosphere is composed of:
The corona, chromosphere, and photosphere
Which of the following are TRUE regarding the thermohaline circulation?
The current moves a massive amount of water and distributes heat along its way It is the largest ocean circulation pattern and is directly related to temperature and salinity It moves from the cold waters of Iceland south toward Antarctica It is sometimes referred to as the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt
Which of the following does explain why it is always warm at the Equator?
The earth's atmosphere flattens slightly over the Equator The Equator gets hit with a high angle of radiation from the sun The atmosphere is thicker around the Equator
Which of these is not true?
The earth's axis is not tilted.
What holds a water molecule together?
The fact that the atoms have opposite charges.
Why does it take more work to stop a fast car than a slow one?
The fast car has more kinetic energy
What is a proband in human genetics?
The first affected family member who seeks medical attention.
Atmospheric pressure is defined as:
The force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of air above that surface
How does the inner core differ from the outer core?
The inner core is solid, while the outer core is liquid.
Dialysis closely mimics the function of which organ?
The kidney
Why do the Middle Ages have such a poor reputation?
The learning period was poorly documented, and it suffers when compared to the advances of Enlightenment
What is NOT needed to figure out the acceleration of object A on Earth?
The mass of object A
What basis is used to categorize the Köppen Climate Classification system, which describes the general temperature and moisture of a region?
The native vegetation.
Which of the following parts of a cell is the control center that contains DNA?
The nucleus.
When no friction acts, what is the net force equal to?
The parallel vector component
What is dispersion?
The pattern of spacing of individuals within a population.
What is the expression of a gene called?
The phenotype
Galileo's character of Simplicio was meant to resemble
The pope
Why do you think Russia has little evaporation occurring in December?
The temperature is too cold for much evaporation to occur.
Which part of the following human body is NOT considered a part of the circulatory system?
The thyroid
Which of the following explains how a person straightens his arm at the elbow?
The triceps muscle contracts, pulling the ulna away from the upper arm while the biceps muscle is relaxed.
According to Newton's third law of motion, when you lean on a brick wall what is happening?
The wall is pushing back on you. You are pushing on the wall. The force of the wall pushing is equal to the force of you pushing.
Which statement aretrue about wells?
There are various ways to create a well. The three main types are dug, driven, and drilled. They are designed to access groundwater at the water table. They are still widely used today.
Why is a gas compressible but a liquid is not?
There is more space between the particles of a gas
What is the evidence of impact on species due to a magnetic reversal?
There is no significant evidence of any impacts on species due to a magnetic reversal
When a system is in ecosystem homeostasis, what happens to the populations of species?
They go up and down in cycles, but stay inside a certain range
When rivers and streams deposit sediment, all of the following can be created EXCEPT:
Tornadoes
The individual units of xylem that have tapered ends are called:
Tracheids
'The movement of water throughout a plant and into the atmosphere is called:
Transpiration
The release of water in plants, causing the change in water potential allowing for the movement of water in the xylem, is best known as:
Transpiration
Which of the following best describes the process of trees releasing water vapor?
Transpiration
What two factors are mainly responsible for the movement of water from the roots up through the leaves?
Transpiration and cohesion
Rivers and streams are used for:
Transportation Food Sources Recreation Power
To do twice as much work in the same amount of time, how much power is required?
Two times as much
When presenting results of an experiment, the following should be included in a line graph figure:
Two variables plotted along a vertical and horizontal axis
What is required in order for CFCs to break down ozone?
UV radiation
Which of the following statements is true?
Under the right conditions, any chemical reaction can quickly get out of control
Mendels experiment worked, unlike other who may have disproved the blending theory of heredity, because he ______ and _______
Used more plants, a longer period of time
When measuring the velocity of an object, what is the biggest source of error/uncertainty?
Using the stopwatch.
If no implantation takes place, then what happens inside of the uterus?
Uterine tissue is shed, leaving the uterus through the cervix.
Which of the following describes the images formed by a plane mirror?
Virtual, upright images that are the same size as the object.
Which of the following can be formed by a convergent boundary?
Volcanic mountains Volcanic islands Deep ocean trenches
Which of the following organisms carries out photosynthesis?
Volvox
Which phase of the moon shows a slight crescent illuminated on the left-side of the Moon?
Waning Crescent
What geographic variable influences the availability of moisture for a region?
Water
What is formed from a neutralization reaction?
Water and a salt
Which of the following causes water beads on the outside of a cold glass of water?
Water vapor in the atmosphere condensing onto the glass.
What is created during aerobic respiration?
Water, carbon dioxide, and ATP
What is the standard unit of power?
Watt
Which of these is a property of sound that DOES NOT affect how it is perceived?
Wave speed
Acid rain can come in which form?
Wet and dry
How do magnetic field 'stripes' show that the oceanic crust is moving?
When a rock cools, its magnetic contents 'line up' with the way Earth's magnetic field is aligned at that moment; therefore, we can find bands of 'matching' rock on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge.
What is calibration of science lab equipment?
Where you make sure that the scale isn't off by a certain amount; that zero really means zero.
Which of the following is NOT a pure spectral color?
White
If we eliminate the effects of air resistance, objects dropped from the same height
Will accelerate at the same rate and land at the same time
The horizontal velocity of a projectile
Will remain the same throughout the entire motion
Who first used the term 'uniformitarianism' and in what book?
William Whewell; Principles of Geology
Which of the following is an example of a force?
Wind Gravity A hand pushing
_____ are any storms that contain sleet, ice and/or snow.
Winter storms
What happens to sediments in a reservoir?
With time, the amount of sediment increases.
Which one of the formulas best describes ''power''?
Work / time
Which best describes the work-energy theorem?
Work done is equal to the change in energy
You measure the length of a fish 6 times. Each time you find it to be 125 cm long. In reality, the fish is actually 135 cm long. Which of the following statements is true?
You are precise but not accurate in your measurements
Carbon monoxide
_____ is an air pollutant. It is an odorless gas which is produced as a result of the burning of industrial waste. If inhaled it hinders delivery of oxygen throughout the body.
Johannes Kepler
a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer
Biological specimens
a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research
Ammonia
a chemical containing one nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms bonded together.
_____ are invaders that could cause infection in the body.
antigens
While the actual frequency does not change, the apparent frequency may change if the wave source is
approaching or retreating from the observer
Static friction occurs when objects are _____ while sliding friction occurs when objects are _____.
at rest; moving
The petals are used to _____.
attract small animals for pollination
All of the following are characteristics of the Animalia Kingdom, except:
autotrophic
The direction of a magnetic field is:
away from the north pole and toward the south pole
What is defined as an imaginary line drawn through the North and South Poles?
axis
Choose the answer that best completes the statement: Minerals must be naturally formed, have a crystalline structure, have a unique chemical composition and _____.
be in a solid state
Rust, karst and acid rain are all types of ________.
chemical weathering
Batteries convert _____ energy into electrical energy to generate _____.
chemical, voltage
Materials that make good electrical conductors contain atoms with:
free electrons
Electrical energy is conducted through a material by:
free electrons impacting and transferring energy to each other
Having two different alleles for a gene is called ______.
heterozygous
A well sorted-rock has a _____ porosity than a medium-sorted rock
higher
An ambulance siren moving toward you will have a _____ pitch than when it is traveling away from you.
higher
Accuracy refers to
how close a measurement is to the 'true' value
colloid
in chemistry, is a mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance
A screw is a modified _____
inclined plane
What are statements about the enhanced greenhouse effect
increases the severity of storms and weather leads to rising sea levels increases global temperatures
What is the largest reservoir for carbon on Earth?
limestone
Evaporation occurs when a _____ changes into a _____.
liquid, gas
Transpiration is the process that occurs when _____.
plants lose water through their leaves
Which wind belt blows eastward toward the poles and is located at 30 to 60 degrees north and south latitude?
prevailing westerlies
The Salinization of soils
prevents plants from taking up water. decreases crop yields. alters the soil environment.
A magnetic field line:
represents the direction of the magnetic field
Thermohaline circulation is also known as _____ because it acts to move water throughout the entire ocean, distributing nutrients as well as regulating temperature and salinity.
the Global Conveyor Belt
Resistance is equal to:
voltage divided by current
What is the formula to convert feet (ft) to yards (yd)?
yd = ft ÷ 3
Siltstone is a secondary rock formed from particles of weathered rock accumulating and becoming compact. Which of the following categories does this type of rock best fit into?
Detrital sedimentary
What is the temperature called when the relative humidity is 100%?
Dew point
Plants that have two cotyledons and flowers in groups of four or five are best known as:
Dicots
Select the concentration of ozone that is naturally found in the stratosphere.
12 parts per million
How much would a 1-inch column of air from sea level to the edge of the atmosphere weigh?
14.7 pounds
What percentage of solid municipal waste in the United States could be eliminated by the use of integrated waste management?
75-90%
What is the classification of a volcano that has not erupted in the past 10,000 years, but has the potential to erupt in the future?
A Dormant Volcano
If dropped from the same height at the same time, which of the following objects would hit the ground first?
A basketball A bowling ball LeBron James
What is a chromosome?
A long piece of DNA containing multiple genes
How often did objects collide in the early solar system?
A lot more than today -- there were more of them, and they were moving rapidly.
You are digging out a soil sample and first find a thin layer of topsoil. Underneath this layer, you see a larger layer of very fine particles that is still fairly wet and somewhat gray in color. What type of soil exists beneath the topsoil?
Clay
Which of the following is a potential reactant for a chemical?
Cold UV Light Heat Water
Which of the following creates high pressure?
Cold air
Which type of reaction always requires oxygen to be a reactant?
Combustion
This is a small icy body that orbits in the solar system and develops a tail of gas as it approaches the sun:
Comet
What is an electric circuit?
A set of electrical components that are connected together in a loop with a power source, which allows current (electrons) to flow through them
System
A set of interacting or interdependent component parts forming a complex/intricate whole
Dogma
A set of principles laid out as being unquestionably true
Which feature of the evaporating dish makes it effective in the evaporation process?
A shallow bottom to increase the surface area of a liquid, leaving the solid behind.
What is an inference?
A skill needed to connect existing evidence to a new problem based on evidence and reasoning skill
Which of the following is NOT an example of simple harmonic motion?
A space station orbiting the Earth
Prisms are usually made out of
A transparent substance like glass or plastic
Which of the following samples of ocean water would be most dense?
A very cold and very salty sample.
What is a sound wave?
A vibration in the air, where particles hit each other.
If allele 'A' is dominant to allele 'a', then for which genotype would the dominant trait be expressed?
AA and Aa
Identify which general equation is a combination reaction.
AC + B = ABC
Which of the following describes a circuit where the direction the current flows switches rapidly?
AC circuit
What would be a possible genotype of an offspring if the parent's genotypes were AABBCC and aabbcc?
AaBbCc
Compared to Earth, about how much gravity is there on the moon?
About 1/6
What is the approximate power consumed by a household toaster that is drawing an average current of 8A at an average voltage of 110V?
About 880W
Where is the epicenter of an earthquake found?
Above ground, directly above the focus.
Where is soil moisture found?
Above the saturated zone
Which of the following acids is properly classified as weak or strong?
Acetic acid is a weak acid.
What's the term for propagating electrochemical signals plants like the Venus flytrap use to close their leaves?
Action potentials
Which of the following is NOT a function of the roots?
Acts as a support for the leaves and flowers
What kinds of organisms do NOT fill ecological niches?
All organisms fill ecological niches.
Waste management
All the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal
A school principle wants to conduct an experiment that involves the distribution of a questionnaire. She has only enough copies for half the students. She decides who will participate by pulling names out of a hat and choosing ten student from each of the four grades in the school. What constitutes the population of this experiment?
All the students of the school
A group of penguins gets separated due to a glacier. What type of speciation has occurred?
Allopatric
When a new species develops, which of the following could have occurred?
Allopatric speciation Speciation Sympatric speciation
To correctly solve free fall problems, you need to
Always include magnitude, vector, and units with your answer Assign consistent vector directions Ignore the effects of air resistance Only consider the force of gravity
Which of the following is true about amensalism?
Amensalism can happen when a bigger, more established organism out competes a smaller organism for resources.
Asia Minor
Area that experienced a golden period of intellectual activity during the so-called Dark Ages
River flooding can occur:
As a result of fast melting snow Seasonally Causing destruction of human and wildlife habitats As a result of rainfall
Why are there six kingdoms of life now instead of the original two that scientists developed?
As our scientific understanding has grown, we've needed to add additional kingdoms to Linnaeus' original ones.
Which of the following types of reproductive ability is the LEAST conducive to genetic diversity?
Asexual reproduction
If you have questions about protocols while working with biological specimens what is the best course of action?
Ask your lab supervisor
This is a minor planet that's made up of metal and/or rock:
Asteroid
Asteroids originate mostly in the
Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter
If a sample of blood is deoxygenated, where is it likely to be found in the circulatory system of the human body?
At the beginning of the pulmonary circuit.
You see a donut on a plate displayed at your local bakery, and your mouth starts watering. Which nervous system allows this to happen?
Autonomic
When an organism can make its own food, it is called a(n):
Autotroph
Which of the following is NOT one of the twelve principles of green chemistry?
Avoiding the use of catalysts
Immunizations work by _____ creating _____ that remain in the body.
B cells, antibodies
Which of the following is a double-replacement reaction?
BaCl2 + MgSO4 --> BaSO4 + MgCl2
Which of the following statements is true in regards to bacteria?
Bacteria can only obtain energy from sunlight and organic substances. Bacteria can only live when the conditions are suitable. Bacteria always die when they can't obtain the things necessary for them to live.
Which is not a way carbon can return to the atmosphere?
Bacteria fixation
All of the following are characteristics of Kingdom Plantae,
Cell wall Eukaryotic cell Autotroph
Which of the following technologies use microwaves?
Cellular
Which of the following wireless technologies would fit under the WAN category?
Cellular
Which of the following is a key difference between detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks?
Chemical sedimentary rock is formed from dissolved material.
What is the green pigment that helps plants in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
Otherwise known as one of two copies of a replicated chromosome
Chromatid
The combination of multiple histones and DNA is called what?
Chromatin
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Chromosome replication occurs during S phase.
Tightly wound segments of DNA are also known as what?
Chromosomes
What is made when DNA condenses during cell division?
Chromosomes
In which phases, of the life cycle of a chemical, is green chemistry involved?
Design, manufacturing, consumer use and disposal
Which of the following are ways that glaciers change landforms?
By scouring the land beneath to create valleys. By depositing debris in a moraine. By picking up rocks and boulders and carrying them away.
How do earthquakes occur?
By the breaking of rocks found underground.
Which of the following is NOT true about the water cycle?
By the end of the water cycle, water always ends up exactly where it started
Which of the following is not a type of wave phenomena?
Detraction
Which type of RNA is responsible for selecting the proper amino acid to help with constructing proteins in the cell?
tRNA
The laws of independent assortment
tells us that alleles separate and are passed down to the offspring
Which of the following statements about soil are true
It contains inorganic material, such as weathered rocks. It contains organic material like decomposing plants. It provides the medium for plant growth.
Which of these choices demonstrates the significance of the troposphere?
It contains the air we breathe, which is a mix of mostly nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide
What happens after a scientific theory has been accepted?
It continues to be tested and adapted
In the fall of 1911, what was one the problems Alfred Wegener saw in the theory that the Earth was unchanging?
It couldn't account for identical fossil evidence being discovered on different continents
Which is of the following statements about carbon dioxide is TRUE?
It has not been above 300 ppm in the past 800,000 years.
Why is potential energy called stored energy?
It has the potential to do work
What feature(s) of the compound microscope classify it as being compound?
It has two lenses of magnification, the 10x ocular lenses and the 4x-100x objective lenses.
Which of these statements about the modern version of uniformitarianism is TRUE?
It includes the role of occasional, catastrophic events in shaping Earth's features.
What is meant by the fluid mosaic model?
It indicates that the cell membrane is not a solid structure. It means that there are many different molecules that make up the plasma membrane. It describes the structure of the cell membrane.
Which is NOT true about the water cycle?
It is a circular process
How is ozone that is found in the troposphere considered harmful?
It is an air pollutant.
Which are true about the Köppen Climate Classification system?
It is based on the native vegetation of the region. It classifies climate into 5 main categories. It describes a region's general temperature and humidity.
Which of the following describes prokaryotic DNA?
It is circular.
Which of the following does NOT explain why it is always warm at the Equator?
It is closer to the sun than the poles
Oceanic crust sinks because ______.
It is denser than continental crust.
Which of the following would NOT be a good trait for an index fossil?
It is found in only one place in the world.
Which is true of cholesterol?
It is found in the hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer.
Which of the following statements BEST categorizes a transform boundary?
It is tectonic movement as a result of building pressure, resulting in an earthquake.
Which statement correctly describes a front?
It is the contact zone between two different air masses.
Which of these answer choices best describes the thermosphere?
It is the highest of the four main layers of Earth's atmosphere; some of Earth's satellites reside here, along with the International Space Station
Which of these is true of Earth?
It is the most dense planet in our solar system.
What makes the Pacific plate unique compared to other plates?
It is the only major plate that is mainly underwater.
Which statements true about evaporation?
It is the phase change of water from liquid to gas. It is part of the water cycle. It moves water from the planet's surface into the atmosphere.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
It is the site of ribosome creation
Which of the below does NOT describe a concave lens?
It is thicker in the middle than at the ends.
Which of the following statements is true concerning high voltage, long-distance power transmission:
It is typically a three-phase AC power system
Which of the following is responsible for the global movement of weather patterns?
Jet stream
What is the largest planet (by diameter) in our solar system?
Jupiter
The terrestrial planets do not include:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Which structure of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina in the eye?
Lens Cornea
What is the formula for lithium fluoride?
LiF
The study of our atmosphere is known as what?
Meteorology
What is the standard unit of length?
Meter
Gas Y is a greenhouse gas which is produced from fossil fuels and livestock. The presence of gas Y has increased by 151% since the Industrial Revolution. What is gas Y?
Methane
Projectiles follow a ________ path.
Parabolic
Which of the following describes a circuit where the components are connected in branches?
Parallel circuit
An association between two different species where the symbiont benefits and the host is harmed is known as:
Parasitism
Which molecule would likely contain selenium?
Protein
All of the following occur during interphase
Protein synthesis S phase Cell growth Chromosome replication
Which molecule would likely contain sulfur?
Proteins
Why do your ears pop when riding a roller coaster?
Roller coaster height causes air pressure to decrease more outside your body than what is in your middle ear.
Which factors create differences in air pressure on earth?
Solar energy and the earth's rotation.
What is the name for the cloud of interstellar gas and dust that condensed to form the entire solar system, including the sun and planets?
Solar nebula
The theory that posits that the planets and sun in the solar system formed from the solar nebula is called the:
Solar nebula theory
Which of the following is a renewable source of electricity generation?
Solar power
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning sustainable agriculture?
Sustainable agriculture farmers often grow monocrops, which means they grow a single crop year after year.
Which of the following is an application of environmental sustainability?
Sustainable forestry
Resident and transient orcas that do not mate due to different behaviors is an example of what type of speciation?
Sympatric
You decide to visit Antarctica during the month of April. What is happening to daylight during that time, and why?
The amount of daylight is decreasing, as the Southern Hemisphere approaches its 'winter time.'
Why does a dryer evaporate the water in clothes faster than leaving clothes out to dry?
The hot temperature in the dryer evaporates water faster.
Why is solid water (ice) less dense than liquid water?
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules are formed and are held (or frozen) farther apart than in liquid water.
Mountains are typically cooler than low-land areas due to _____.
The increased elevation of the mountain
Which object will have the most mass?
The mass will be the same
What serves as proof that Earth's magnetic field reverses?
The rock record from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
How do Group C and Group D in the Köppen Climate Classification system differ?
The severity of winters.
Which organelle is described as the cell's detoxification center?
The smooth ER.
If you increase the elasticity of a material, what happens to the speed of a mechanical wave going through it?
The speed will increase.
What part of an atoll is the lagoon?
The still waters in the middle.
For an inclined plane with friction, what is the net force?
The sum of the two parallel vectors
Which of these statements is considered to be true?
The sun and planets formed from the same ball of gas and dust
Which of the following is a reason jet streams exist?
The sun heats the earth unevenly
What is a characteristic of animals that use chemicals for defense?
They rarely use camouflage as a defense.
On what basis were S. Rowland and M. Molina chosen for the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry?
They showed that CFCs split ozone molecules.
Which of the following is a characteristic of acids?
They taste sour in aqueous solutions. They change blue litmus paper red. They can form salts through reactions with some metals and bases.
Which of the following are types of asexual reproduction in plants?
Vegetative Propagation Fragmentation Budding
The hottest planet in our solar system is _____.
Venus
Which planet revolves around its axis in a clockwise fashion?
Venus
Which of the following statements correctly describes waves?
Waves are powerful forces that erode and shape the world's coastlines.
Sodium hypochlorite
a chemical found in anything considered to be bleach. It's also used to chlorinate swimming pools and in many dishwasher solutions or tablets, as it's great at killing bacteria and germs.
An asteroid is a(n)
a class of small inner solar system bodies that orbit around the sun.
What is the Coriolis effect?
a deflection of movement caused by the earth spinning
precision
a description of random errors, a measure of statistical variability
mortar and pestle
a device used since ancient times to prepare ingredients or substances by crushing and grinding them into a fine paste or powder
What do coral polyps secrete?
calcium carbonate exoskeletons
Clouds with the word 'cumulus' in them are
big and fluffy
The variability of life forms within a given ecosystem is known as _____.
biodiversity
When a light source is quickly approaching you, you may perceive a
blue shift
The two types of wetlands found only in northern regions are
bogs and fens
Ecological niches include ______.
both abiotic and biotic factors
Ideally, you want your data to be _____.
both accurate and precise
Two outcrops containing one index fossil each can only be matched up if scientists also find a third outcrop containing _____.
both index fossils
Weathering is the process of ________.
breaking down rocks into smaller pieces
All of the following facts are true for animals, except:
can make their own food
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide, water and sunlight
An imprint that is filled in is called a ______.
cast fossil
If an ionic compound contains a transition metal, Roman numerals are used to determine the _____.
charge on the ion
Sodium lauryl sulfate
commonly found in detergent, which is generally the main ingredient of shampoo (which itself tends to contain a cocktail of chemicals) and laundry detergent
By studying the red and blue shifts of the galaxies, scientists concluded that the universe is
expanding
What is NOT an example of an acid base reaction?
hydrochloric acid and vinegar
Rocks that are transformed into different rocks under intense heat and pressure are known as _____.
metamorphic rocks
A _____ is an object that may one day become a _____ if it survives its journey through Earth's atmosphere:
meteoroid, meteorite
Cold water holds _____ salt than warm water, which makes it more dense.
more
In general, strong acids are _____ weak acids in lowering the pH of a solution.
more potent than
All of the following will affect an induced voltage,
moving the magnet relative to the conductor actively changing the strength of the magnetic field moving the conductor relative to the magnet rotating the magnet near the conductor
What is the most likely source of nutrient pollution?
nutrients and fertilizers.
Groundwater Pollution
occurs when pollutants are released to the ground and make their way down into groundwater
Cracks on the ocean floor which allow hot water and minerals to escape are called
ocean vents
Water covers 70% of the Earth's surface. Of that, 97% of all the water on Earth comes from _____, while 3% is _____.
oceans; freshwater
Pancreatic cells are constantly producing proteins that function as digestive enzymes. Pancreatic cells need to have lots of _____ to produce these proteins.
ribosomes
Which of the following is an example of a body fossil?
skull
You can expect that a terrestrial planet would have a _____ diameter and a _____ mass when compared to a Jovian planet.
smaller, smaller
A day when the earth's axis is either closest or farthest from the sun is known as a
solstice
A _____ is a liquid that other substances dissolve in.
solvent
Color is not always useful for identifying minerals because _____.
some minerals come in many different colors
Legumes like _____ are important because _____.
soybeans; they take nitrogen gas and turn it into nutrients.
Which wave parameter can be found by multiplying the wavelength by the frequency?
speed
Pollen contains _____ and is spread from plant to plant by _____.
sperm, small animals
The _____ is the top of the carpel and is sticky so that it can collect _____ from small animals.
stigma, pollen
In geodesy, what is defined as a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume?
stress
chemical
substance is a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties
Photosynthesis is a process in plants that uses _____and produces energy and oxygen.
sun, water, and carbon dioxide
Evaporation comes from _____ while transpiration occurs with _____.
surface water, plants
The Colorado River and the Gulf of California are examples of _____ which provides a necessary source of energy, drinking water, and crop irrigation.
surface waters
atomic nucleus
is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geigerâ€"Marsden gold foil experiment
atom
is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element
Nuclear power
is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant
A material is ferromagnetic if:
it contains magnetic domains
What does abiotic mean?
Nonliving
Inference
Are steps in reasoning, moving from premise to conclusion
Sample
- A set of data collected and/or selected from a statistical population by a defined procedure - Group of people actually participating in study
Population
- A summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding. - The entire group of people you're interested in.
Scientific Method
- A systematic process that involves using measurable observations to formulate test or modify a hypothesis - A body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge
Natural Law
- A theory that is so well-confirmed, refined, and tested as to be virtually universally accepted is known as - A philosophy that certain rights or values are inherited by virtue of human nature and can be universally understood through human reason
Convenience Sample
- A type of non-probability sampling that involves the sample being drawn from that part of the population that is close to hand - People who are readily available and willing to participate
What are examples of a quantitative variable
- Age - Circumference of a circle - Perimeter - Weight
What are the goals of the scientific model?
- Allow one to make predictions - Explain some phenomenon of nature in simple terms - Make a physical representation of the real world
Theories and Laws
- Based on hypothesis - Can be used to make predictions - Can be revised
What are true statements about biological specimens
- Biological specimens are useful in a variety of professions - Preserved animals need to be disposed of in the same manner as the chemicals that preserved them - Safe handling and disposal procedures depend on the type of specimens you're working with - Human tissues or bodily fluids are common disease vectors
What are true statements about both scientific laws and scientific theories.
- Both are based on hypotheses - Both can be modified if new evidence arises - Both can be used to make predictions
Scientific Revolution
- Characterized by numerous advances in the fields of physics, mathematics, astronomy, and biology - Undermined the influence of the Catholic Church - Resulted in science becoming distinct from the disciplines of philosophy and theology - Helped lead the Enlightenment
Explain the correct chronological order of events
- Darwin attended University of Edinburgh - He traveled on the HMS Beagle - He wrote On the Origins of Species - He wrote Descent of Man
Isaac Newton
- English physicist and mathematician who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution - Developed the Laws of Motion and the Laws of Universal Gravitation
Theory
- Explains reality and is generally accepted as truth. - Based on information from many different areas of study
Which piece of safety equipment is typically optional in a lab?
- First aid kit - Emergency shower - Fire extinguisher - Eye wash station
What are steps of the scientific method that supports scientific investigation?
- Formulate a hypothesis - State a question - Analyze data and draw conclusions
All of these statements are correct,
- Habitat restoration involves replanting native vegetation. - Habitat restoration involves fencing out non-native animals. - Habitat loss and fragmentation are the most harmful effects of human development.
What was involved in Galileo's legendary experiment at the tower of Pisa?
- He tried to isolate a single factor with an experiment - He considered all the factors involved - He tried to account for the limitations of human observation
How is the heliocentric model different from the geocentric model of the universe?
- In the heliocentric model, the earth is at the center of the universe. - In the geocentric model the sun is at the center of the universe
What are statements based on scientific theory
- It explains why a phenomenon occurs - It is created by the scientific method - It has been rigorously tested
What are criterion for a good hypothesis?
- It is clear - It identifies measurable variables - It is testable - It can be limited to one experiment
What are statements about random error?
- It is just as likely to be positive as negative - It occurs without any recognizable pattern - Over time it will theoretically balance out - It is unavoidable
What fossils did Wegener use to support his idea of continental drift?
- Mesosaurus - Lystrosaurus - Cynognthus
Which of the following is a biological specimen?
- Microbes - Plant material - Laboratory mice - Preserved dissection animals
What evidence did Wegener use to support his idea of continental drift?
- Mountain ranges on different continents lined up when coastlines were match up - Rock strata on different continents lined up when coastlines matched up - Fossils of plants and animals in climates where their survival would have been impossible
What are things Galileo discovered with his telescope?
- Mountains on the moon - The moons of Jupiter - Craters on the moon
What are need to consider when conducting an experiment.
- Other variable that may not be under the scientist control - The errors induced by measurement - The scientist's biases
Enlightenment
- Period of intellectual tumult which followed the Middle Ages - Movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century
Why are standard units important in the biology lab?
- Reduce confusion - Reduce rounding - Reduce conversions - Reduce error
What are components of a computer model?
- Science animation - Forecasting model - Climate model
What are to be considered as observations
- Smelling wood burning in a fire - Hearing your dog bark at the doorbell - Seeing the leaves change color in the fall - Feeling cold air when you open the refrigerator door.
What are examples of constancy?
- Steady state - Equilibrium - Homeostasis
At least what proportion of species must go extinct for it to be considered a mass extinction event?
50%
Which of the following steps is involved in safe chemical storage?
- Storing chemicals in easy to access areas - Clearly printing the name of the chemical on the container - Clearly printing the date the container was opened - Following storage precautions
What are true regarding tables
- Tables can be used when there is not much variation in the data - Tables should be sequenced to present key findings in a logical order - Data in a table should be arranged vertically
What are examples of a logical consistent conclusion?
- Testicular cancer occurs more frequently in young men, therefore screening for testicular cancer will be less cost effective in older men. - In a survey, a large majority of people in this neighborhood said that they did not like the color red as much as the color blue and said that car color was important to them. Therefore, the larger number of blue cars in the same neighborhood is most likely due to personal preference. - There are more blue cars than red cars in this neighborhood, therefore the people who live here buy more blue cars than red cars
Independent Variable
- The Cause (Cause and Effect) - Can be Manipulated - Variable that you control as the experimenter and the one that creates two or more groups in the study
Dependent Variable
- The Effect (Cause and Effect) - Can be measured - The outcome variable that you are simply measuring
Observations
- The active acquisitions of information from a primary source - Sensory experiences that lead to scientist to ask questions and seek answers about natural phenomena (Five senses) - A phenomenon that can be witness and recorded
Which are true about lab safety equipment?
- You need to know where it is ahead of time -I t includes things like eye wash stations, emergency showers, and first aid kits - A clear pathway should be maintained at all times - They are mostly for mitigating harm to both the lab and people working in it
Why might you re-run and experiment?
- Your experiment generated new questions - Your experiment did not answer you original question - You observed new and interesting thing during your experiment - Your experiment results weren't clear
What is considered a experimental error?
- a fluctuating scale - chance error - estimating a volume that falls between two - graduations on the cylinder - an improperly calibrated flow meter
Galileo Galilei
- an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution during the 17th century - Pioneered the development of the modern telescope, and was condemned as a heretic by the Catholic Church for supporting heliocentrism
The initial Montreal Protocol of 1987 vowed to reduce CFC production by _____
50%
How many seconds are in a kilosecond?
1000
In a typical ecosystem, what percentage of the energy produced by the autotrophs then consumed by the primary consumers will be passed along to the secondary consumers?
1%
Diamonds are ranked at _____ on the Mohs scale of hardness, which means they are _____.
10; very hard
If the total volume of a rock is 254 cubic inches, and the volume of the void is 27 cubic inches, what is the porosity (give as a percent)?
10.6
How many galaxies are believed to exist in the observable universe?
100 to 200 billion
In a type of flower, red is dominant to white. What would be the expected phenotypes of the offspring if a cross was done between two white flowers?
100% white
How many yards are in 15 feet?
5
If an object in periodic motion completes one full cycle in 0.5 seconds, what is the frequency of the motion?
2 hertz
What makes up a water molecule?
2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
At what elevation is the atmospheric pressure half of what it is at sea level?
3.1 miles
The total volume of a rock is 3 cubic feet, and the volume of the solid is 2.1 cubic feet. Calculate the porosity (give as a percent).
30%
What is the IAU's definition of a dwarf planet?
A celestial body in direct orbit of the sun that is massive enough to form an ellipsoid shape from its gravitational force, but has not cleared its neighborhood from other objects.
The stimulus that is detected by photoreceptors is:
A change in light
Which of the following is NOT considered a projectile motion problem?
A football rolling down a hill
For accurate volume measurements, which is the best piece of equipment to use?
A graduated cylinder
minerals
A is a naturally occurring chemical compound
What is a good thing to have with your first aid kit?
A list of emergency numbers
An eclipse where the Moon is blocked by the Earth's shadow is called what?
A lunar eclipse.
What is meant by the term 'homologous chromosome'?
A pair of chromosomes with the same genes, but possibly different variations of those genes
What is a gene?
A piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein
Which answer choice best describes a spring?
A place where water naturally flows from the ground.
Which of the following describes a scientific investigation?
A quest to find the answer to a question using the scientific method
How does atmospheric pressure contribute to weather patterns?
Air moves from areas of high atmospheric pressure to areas of low atmospheric pressure, causing the winds
What is the friction due to air called?
Air resistance
Which of the following produces ethanol?
Alcohol fermentation
Which group of plants does not have stems, leaves or roots?
Algae
Newton discovered that white light is composed of what?
All colors of light
Maria is conducting an experiment, and creates a substance that seems to be a proton acceptor as well as a proton donor. Which of the following would be the BEST for Maria to use in order to define what type of substance she has created?
Amphoteric
What is commensalism?
An association where one species benefits, and the other species is not significantly affected
How does an eon differ from an era?
An eon spans hundreds to thousands of millions of years, while eras span tens to hundreds of millions of years.
A scientific theory
An explanation of why things happen that is tested and accepted as being true
Which of the following surfaces would be best for a conservation of momentum experiment?
An ice-skating rink.
Democritus
An influential Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe
What is a compound lens?
An optical device that uses multiple lenses to refract light
What is a simple lens?
An optical device that uses one lens to refract light
Which of the following best defines the Mid-Ocean Ridge?
An underwater mountain range created by sea floor spreading.
In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes pull apart and move away from the center of the cell?
Anaphase
Apple trees are vascular plants with flowers. Based on this information, apple trees can be classified as:
Angiosperms
Which group of plants makes up 80% of the green plants in the Kingdom Plantae?
Angiosperms
_____ are plants that produce flowers and _____.
Angiosperms, fruits
What is periodic motion?
Any movement of an object that is repeated in a given length of time
What is lab equipment?
Any objects or materials used to collect data in a science experiment.
Which is an example of a phenotype?
Appearance Metabolism Behavior
Which does not constitute a change in energy?
Applying a force to an object
_____ are like underground sponges and once depleted, they take a long time to recharge.
Aquifers
Model
Based on a set of hypothesis describing and explaining why a natural phenomenon occurs.
Which of the following statements is NOT true in regards to Base in Chemistry?
Bases tend to release H^+ ions when dissolved in water.
What type of mimicry occurs when a harmless animal mimics a dangerous or unpalatable animal?
Batesian mimicry
Which of the following pairs of devices store energy?
Battery, capacitor
Which of the following features are not created by erosion?
Beaches
Why are estuaries home to diverse marine life not found elsewhere?
Because estuaries have a mix of freshwater and ocean water, and the high tides bring nourishing sediment.
Why does colder air create higher pressure than warm air?
Because it is more dense
Why doesn't oil dissolve in water?
Because it is not polar.
Why is the inner core solid?
Because it is under too much pressure to melt.
Why can you not feel a force of attraction between you and the planet Mars?
Because it's too far away - gravity decreases with distance.
James needs to write a report which will describe the ups and downs of mammals in a previous time period. Why would discussing epochs make sense?
Because longer periods of time, such as eras, are too long and include other types of living creatures
Why does it take more energy to change the temperature of water than air?
Because ocean water has a high heat capacity.
Why can you not easily notice a force of gravity between a baseball and a tennis ball?
Because their masses are too small.
Why are forests described as carbon sinks?
Because they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and prevent the greenhouse effect.
Which of the following is a prezygotic barrier?
Behavioral isolation
Which of the following describes the formation of snow?
Below freezing temperatures cause water vapor to freeze into crystals
Which of these is an example of commensalism?
Birds that live in holes formed by a tree's bark (they get shelter, the tree neither benefits nor gets harmed).
Which of the following is an example of specialized cells?
Blood cells Reproductive cells Nerve cells
Which statement correctly describes what photosynthesis accomplishes?
Carbon dioxide and water are assembled into food molecules.
Uniformitarianism competed with the view that Earth's features formed rapidly, a concept known as ______.
Catastrophism
What is a skill needed to organize information in science?
Categorization
Which is the basic unit of life?
Cell
Why was Pluto ultimately reclassified as a dwarf planet?
Due to the discovery of Eris.
Which of the following a potential source of sustainable energy?
Energy crops Wind The sun
Chemical compounds are formed when two or more ________ are joined together.
Elements
Fundamental to understanding how atoms are organized into elements is the knowledge that
Elements consist of only one type of atom
What geographic variable influences air temperature based on position in the troposphere?
Elevation
Immigration involves which of the following?
Entering a new habitat
All members of the kingdom Fungi are ______.
Eukaryotic and heterotrophic
Which of the following steps is the first and most important to take when a fire begins in a lab?
Evacuate to a safe location
Steam is an example of which part of the water cycle?
Evaporation
What are the three main parts of the water cycle?
Evaporation, condensation and precipitation
Which of the following statements is true about accidents
Even with proper precautions lab accidents still occur
Random Sample
Every person in the larger population has an equal chance of being in the sample
_____ can be defined as a change in a characteristic within a population over time.
Evolution
What are true statements about flooding?
Flooding is sometimes exacerbated by dams and levees. Flooding is a way for nutrient-rich sediments to reach downstream areas. Flooding is dangerous to those living along riverbanks.
Which of the following could occur when air is saturated?
Fog Dew Rain
It is a very hot day. The weather forecast calls for a cold front to suddenly move through the area. What are you most likely to see first?
Fog or clouds
The property of a wave that is defined as the number of oscillations per second is called
Frequency
Which of the following terms describes the number of waves that pass by each second?
Frequency
Mid-ocean ridges are places where ______.
Fresh oceanic crust is formed.
What is the name of the scientist who came up with the theory that all objects accelerate toward the ground at the same rate?
Galileo Galilei
What is the relationship between an individual's genotype and their phenotype?
Genotype partially causes phenotype
Which of these statements is true about genes?
Genotypes refer to the two copies of a gene for a particular characteristic that are passed on from the parents Genes come in different versions called alleles. Everyone has two copies of each gene.
Volcanic eruptions that produce flows of basalt tend to be more ______ than eruptions that produce igneous rock.
Gentle
What is the study of the physical features of the Earth and the interactions between humans and these features?
Geography
Which is not a field studied in biochemistry?
Geology
Which of the following sources of electricity generation harvests heat within the Earth to create electricity?
Geothermal
If you come across an unmarked container, what should you do with it?
Give it to your lab supervisor
Which of the following variables do our bodies regulate:
Glucose concentration in blood Salt concentration in blood Blood volume Body temperature
Plants generate specialized proteins that help stop the denaturation of enzymes namely when they are exposed to:
Heat stress
_____ is a protein that plays a central role in DNA folding.
Histone
Which of the following is a good definition of homeostasis?
Homeostasis means that our body monitors the value of several parameters and restores them to their correct value after any alteration.
What does comparative anatomy look at?
Homologous physical structures
A dominant trait is seen in individuals with which genotype?
Homozygous dominant and heterozygous
What is accuracy in a science experiment?
How close to being correct your data is.
What is precision (or reproducibility) in a science experiment?
How close together your measurements are.
Which of the following does the pancreas regulate?
How much energy your body gets
Distance is
How much ground was covered regardless of starting and ending position
What is the main difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?
How quickly they can regenerate
Which is are classifications in the Köppen system?
Humid, middle latitude, mild winter Dry Humid, middle latitude, severe winter
When light focuses behind the retina and causes difficulty in seeing nearby objects clearly, it is called which one of the following?
Hyperopia
Fungi are made up of individual filaments known as ______.
Hyphae
Place the following steps in the cell cycle into the order in which they occur.
I, III, II, IV
Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
I. Albino animals are rare in nature because they are easy for predators to find. II. The fastest gazelle is least likely to be eaten by a lion. III. The gorilla that is strong enough to become alpha male is the most likely to pass on his genes.
Which of the following roles in the cell could non-coding DNA perform?
I. Provide structural support at the end of chromosomes. III. Serve functional purposes.
chromosome consists of two chromatids for AT LEAST part of all of these steps
II. G2 III. M Phase IV. S Phase
Which statement is true?
If both parents have a dominant trait, it may be possible for them to have children with the recessive version of the trait.
If you found a rock that appeared to have been formed directly from volcanic activity, how would you classify it?
Igneous rock.
sustainable ecosystem
In ecology, is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely
Qualitative
In natural sciences and social sciences, it is a systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.
line graph
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, the line graph of an undirected graph G is another graph L that represents the adjacencies between edges of G
Why does rounding cause problems in the lab?
It can lead to major errors in calculations.
What role does the Coriolis force have on jet streams?
It causes air to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere
What is the function of the gene linked to the ability to digest milk?
It codes for lactase production.
The Mesozoic Era was the Age of Dinosaurs, and the current Cenozoic Era is the Age of _____.
Mammals
Why is accretion important for barrier islands?
It adds sediment to the barrier islands, increasing their area
Why is the water cycle significant to Earth's habitats?
It affects weather, land features, global temperatures, and drinking water supplies.
How might have Charles Lyell''s "Principles of Geology" affected Darwin's theory of natural selection?
It allowed Darwin to consider how living things change over long periods of time
Which of the following is a feature of a lake?
It can affect local weather
What can happen to an igneous rock after it is formed?
It can be transformed to metamorphic rock.
How is smelting most harmful to the environment?
It can cause air pollution.
Which is true about a scientific theory?
It is widely accepted as true
How old is the moon in comparison to the Earth?
It is younger
What are true facts about air pollution?
It may come from natural sources. It leads to human health issues. It can come from one source or multiple sources.
What is one benefit of scientists disagreeing about the meaning of experimental data?
It may lead to more and better science that increases our knowledge about the topic
What is a true statement about experimentation?
It may lead to more questions
Which of the following is NOT true about the work-energy theorem?
It only applies to an increase in energy
Why is recycling so important to the environment?
It prevents the waste of both renewable and non-renewable resources
What are statements about ozone
It protects us from harmful UV radiation. It can cause human health problems when it occurs low in the atmosphere. It is broken down by fluorinated gases.
Why was seafloor spreading an important discovery?
It provided an explanation for how the plates could move.
Which of the below do NOT describe a convex lens?
It refracts light out, in a wide arc.
What is conservation of momentum?
It says that momentum is neither created nor destroyed, it only moves from one place to another.
Which of the following is NOT true of acid mine drainage?
It separates the metals from the impurities.
What is a good description of the question that should be stated as part of a scientific investigation?
It should lend itself to being answered in a measurable way.
How do the normal and reversed polarity of stripes of ocean floor prove that the earth's magnetic field has changed multiple times since its formation?
It shows that the oceanic crust created by the upwelling of magma reflects the current magnetic field at that time, thus different polarities testify to a change.
Which is NOT true about a confined aquifer?
It sits under a layer of soil that easily allows water to reach it.
Which is true about molecular biology?
It works well in concert with comparative anatomy
Which of these is correct about the sun?
It would take thousands of years to make it through the interior of the sun
Which of the following is true of jet streams?
It's a current of fast moving air
Why is the Great Salt Lake a lake?
It's surrounded by land, it's big, and it affects the local weather
Which of the following is not part of an ant's ecological niche?
Its body structure
What geographic variable influences air temperature based on proximity to the equator?
Latitude
Emigration involves which of the following?
Leaving an old habitat
In what ways can nitrogen gas be broken down into nutrients for plants?
Lightning and special bacteria
Xylem is composed of dead cells lined end to end. What is responsible for making these cells strong and durable even though they are no longer living?
Lignin
Which method of cell division would your skin cells undergo?
MITOSIS
What is an important skill for designing experiments?
Making inferences to connect known data to unknown questions
What is the first step to applying scientific knowledge?
Making observations
Which of these routinely dies after mating?
Male spiders Salmon
lab safety
Many laboratories contain significant risks, and the prevention of laboratory accidents requires great care and constant vigilance
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding mitosis?
Mitosis is a phase of a cell's life in which the cell is growing, replicating DNA and carrying out general activities
What is the best use of a beaker?
Mixing and pouring substances
Which statement best explains the relationship between modern humans and Earth's history?
Modern humans have missed most of Earth's history.
Which of the following statements about chemical compounds and elements is NOT true?
Most of the substances we use in everyday life are pure elements.
The implication of the solar nebula theory is mainly that:
Most stars should have planets around them and thus planets are very common in the universe
Which of the following is a feature of 5G?
Multiple device support
How do you convert from liters to milliliters?
Multiply by 1000
How would you convert gallons into quarts?
Multiply the number of gallons by 4.
When a bee gathers nectar from a certain type of flower to make honey and in the process pollinates the flower, what kind of relationship exists between the bee and the flower?
Mutualistic
When light focuses in front of the retina and causes difficulty in seeing far away objects clearly, this is called which one of the following?
Myopia
Which is a benefit of space travel?
New technologies and inventions Increased knowledge about outer space Increased knowledge about human biology in minimal-gravity Increased knowledge about Earth
Reflecting telescope
Newtons invention that uses a concave mirror along with a flat diagonal mirror
Who is credited with first stating the law of superposition?
Nicolas Steno in the 1600s
Which of these is NOT a way by which a plant's shape or form can be influenced mechanically? I. Touch II. Wind III. Vibration
None of these answers are correct
How much 'new' water is made through the processes of the water cycle?
None: all water is recycled
Scientific questioning comes after which step in the scientific process?
Observations
Which of the following terms is used to describe large circular ocean currents that are driven mostly by the wind?
Ocean Gyres
Dr. Marion wants to conduct an experiment that involves the distribution of a questionnaire. She has only enough copies for half of the students. She decides who will participate by pulling names out of a hat and choosing then ten students from each of the four grades in the school. What constitutes the sample in this experiment?
Only the students who actually participate
Choose the appropriate statement that refers to open-pit mining.
Open-pit mining is used for very large, surface deposits of ore.
Organisms are grouped in a hierarchy called _____ based on similarities and differences between these organisms.
Organisms are grouped in a hierarchy called the classification of living things based on similarities and differences between these organisms.
Superposition is one of the four fundamental principles that geologists use to understand the sequence of events that created a stack of sedimentary rock layers. What are the other three?
Original horizontality, lateral continuity and cross-cutting relationships
Which of the following structures produces the female gamete?
Ovary
How many dwarf planets do astronomers believe they will find in the solar system in the future?
Over 100
Which of the following is an example of an internally driven Earth process that produces geologic features?
Plate tectonics
Which of the following is not a type of reproductive cell?
Platelet
In a polar ecosystem, which of these are most likely to compete for food?
Polar bear and orca.
Which mating system involves a male mating with multiple females during a reproductive season?
Polygyny
The study of the genetic variation within a population is known as:
Population genetics
Why is fluctuation a bad thing?
Populations could grow too fast Strain on food supply Encourages growth of predator populations
How are permeability and porosity different?
Porosity depends on how much space exists between soil particles, while permeability depends on how easily water can move through the soil.
Which of the following statements is true about the kingdom of bacteria?
Prokaryotes are organisms that lack a nucleus and other cell parts, and are less complex organisms. Bacteria are usually one of three shapes; rod shaped; cocci are circular; and spirilli are wavy or spiral shaped.
Which of the following is true about working with biological specimens?
Proper protective gear must be worn
In which step do we see the chromosomes condense and meet up to form homologous pair?
Prophase I
What is the order of steps for Meiosis I?
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I
What is the proper order of the four stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What are enzymes?
Proteins that speed up biochemical reactions
All are kingdoms
Protista Archaebacteria Plantae
What is the stage of transformation in humans from juveniles to adults?
Puberty
A prism is usually in the shape of a _____
Pyramid
Where does mRNA travel to deliver the genetic information needed for constructing proteins?
Ribosomes
Which of the following represents the six spectral colors in order of increasing frequency?
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet
In terms of the hierarchy, what is the order of the three Rs?
Reduce, reuse, recycle
_____ is a bend in the direction of a wave's movement that occurs when a wave enters a new material.
Refraction
The assignment of age based upon position in a sedimentary sequence is known as which one of the following?
Relative dating
What describes the amount of water vapor in the air as a percentage?
Relative humidity
Which term best explains how close the air is to saturation?
Relative humidity
Fungi reproduce by ______.
Releasing spores
What are the functions of DNA?
Replication and expression
Which of the following descriptions best explains environmental sustainability?
Responsible interaction with the environment to avoid depletion or degradation of natural resources and allow for long-term environmental quality
Instead of throwing out old clothes and towels, Julia cuts the items up and uses them as cleaning rags. This is an example of which of the following waste management strategies?
Reuse
What do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have that is involved in translation?
Ribosomes
These small thread-like structures help the root absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Root Hairs
Ocean water has a high salt content. Which term is used to describe the amount of salt dissolved in water?
Salinity
Which of the following would NOT be considered a geologic feature?
Sand grains
When a body of air can hold no more water vapor it is best referred to as being what?
Saturated
What is the best way to figure out how two quantitative variables are related?
Scatter plot
Which of the following describes the spit accretion theory?
Sediments from the mainland are pulled offshore by waves, forming spits that eventually separate from the shore
Total Logging wants to start cutting down trees in a particular area, but they are an environmentally friendly logging company and they want to ultimately preserve the woodland. What can they do to accomplish this?
Selective logging
Which tidal pattern results in two nearly equal high tides and two low tides each day?
Semidiurnal tides
Which of the following is an action that individuals can take to reduce the overall amount of solid waste they produce?
Send emails instead of traditional mail Create and use a recycling bin Cancel unwanted magazine subscriptions
What describes the way the air feels outside when temperature and humidity are combined?
Sensible temperature
The ability to detect a stimulus is known as:
Sensitivity
Homeostasis is maintained through control systems. A control system consists of a __________ that monitors the value of a physiological variable, a __________ that compares the value of the variable to the desired value or __________, and an __________ that implements the compensatory changes.
Sensor, control center, set point, effector
When you touch a hot stove, which neurons tell your brain it's hot?
Sensory
Which of the following weather terms is used interchangeably with 'extreme'?
Severe
_____ is water that is held in the ground, but above groundwater, and can be found in the spaces between dirt particles following irrigation or rain.
Soil moisture
Consider the reaction: Mg +CuCl2 = MgCl2 + Cu Which type of reaction is shown above?
Single-replacement
Which of the following describes sleet?
Sleet is rain that freezes close to the ground, forming small ice pellets
What are the two types of friction?
Sliding and static
Chemical bases commonly found in the home include:
Soap
Which of the following things you might find in your home is NOT a chemical or does not contain chemicals?
Soap All-purpose cleaner Bottled water
Which of the following is NOT a common ingredient in detergents and shampoos?
Sodium hypochlorite
What are effects of deforestation?
Soil erosion Desertification Increased carbon dioxide release into the atmosphere.
Which of the following terms is used to describe a layer of a soil profile?
Soil horizon
Which structure acts as a passageway for the movement of substances throughout the plant?
Stem
What are the phases of Scientific Investigation?
Step 1 - Observe Step 2 - Formulate a Question Step 3 - Formulate a Hypothesis Step 4 - Set up an Experiment Step 5 - Analyze the data
What does an autoclave do?
Sterilizes equipment
A detectable change in the environment is called a(n):
Stimulus
Horizontal runners in strawberries are known as
Stolons
Through which of the following does transpiration occur?
Stomata
Drift is which kind of error?
Systematic error
What are types of figures?
Tables can be used when there is not much variation in the data Tables should be sequenced to present key findings in a logical order Data in a table should be arranged vertically
Matthew purchases a new computer and television. Which of the following is a way for him to recycle his outdated computer and television?
Take the items to a community electronics disposal event.
What are the two defining factors of a natural habitat?
Temperature and precipitation
What factors are the most important driver of thermohaline circulation?
Temperature and salinity
Which of the following is a feature of a pond?
Temperature is steady throughout
Which of the following are components of weather patterns?
Temperature, humidity, and air pressure
What is the most appropriate climate model to explain the recent climate warming?
Testing the model with data
What is true of the results section of a scientific paper:
Text in the body of the paper complements figures or tables
When scientists found identical patterns on either side of the mid-ocean ridge, what did they deduce?
That these patterns were formed at the same time and that they moved away from one another
What usually happens in a natural population as it approaches its carrying capacity?
The growth rate of the population slows down.
What is biogeography?
The geographic distribution of organisms on Earth
What is a population's range?
The geographic limits within which a population or individual lives.
Which of the following statements is true in regards to uniformitarianism?
The modern theoretical view of uniformitarianism incorporates both immensely slow and very rapid rates of change for geologic processes into its interpretation of geological time. Modern geologists interpret the idea of uniformitarianism in a slightly different way than it was originally conceived, but it is still an indispensable concept in interpreting the geologic history of our planet. Uniformitarianism is the idea that many geologic processes perform their work very slowly over long periods of time, and have done so in much the same way throughout geologic time.
How do long periods of rain develop?
The movement of a warm front towards a cold front
The pressure flow hypothesis can be used to explain:
The movement of sugars from sources to sinks
Which of the following BEST explains how a muscle cell exerts force?
The muscle cell shortens or contracts and exerts a pulling force on whatever is attached to both ends.
Gravity is
The mutual attraction between all objects in the universe
Pangea
The name Wegener named the super-continent he thought existed before the continents broke apart
Dr. Patel does an experiment in which she shows people either a happy movie, sad movie, or no movie in a classroom. Then, she ask them to fill out a survey assessing their feelings about whether they want to adopt a pet from the animal shelter. In this experiment, what was the control group?
The people who watch no movie.
Which of these best describes a biological community?
The populations of different species living in the same geographic area.
Uniformitarianism is sometimes summarized by saying ______.
The present is the key to the past.
What is Scientific Investigation?
The process scientist use to collect the date and evidence that they plan to analyze in order to explain a phenomenon
The circulation of blood from the right side of the human heart to the lungs and back to the heart completes which circuit?
The pulmonary circuit
Which best describes viscosity?
The resistance to flow
Dr. Patel does an experiment in which she shows people either a happy movie, sad movie, or no movie in a classroom. Then, she ask them to fill out a survey assessing their feelings about whether they want to adopt a pet from the animal shelter. In this experiment, what was the INDEPENDENT variable?
The type of movie viewed
he veins in a leaf contain tissue that is also known as:
The vascular bundle
If a mosquito feeds on a bird that is infected with the West Nile Virus and then feeds on a human being who then contracts the virus, what role is the mosquito playing in the infection of the person?
The vector
Why is hydroelectric energy from water considered a renewable resource?
The water is not actually taken out of the system
Bob was digging into the ground for water. He dug down for a little while, and eventually he hit a depth where the hole filled with water at the bottom. What boundary did Bob cross right before his hole filled with water at the bottom?
The water table
A 'wind gradient' is used to specify which of the following?
The wind's direction and speed.
Superposition means that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, which of the following is true?
The youngest rocks are on top.
Which of the following best describes a front?
The zone of contact between different air masses
Dr. Patel does an experiment in which she shows people either a happy movie, sad movie, or no movie in a classroom. Then, she ask them to fill out a survey assessing their feelings about whether they want to adopt a pet from the animal shelter. In this experiment, what was the DEPENDENT variable?
Their feelings about pet adoption.
What problem would be caused by a lack of cartilage in someone's body?
Their movement would be hindered, and their bones rub together.
Which statement accurately portrays Monarch and Viceroy butterflies?
Their similar coloration is an example of Mullerian mimicry.
Why do we think there must be many genes for eye color?
There are many eye color phenotypes, and HERC2 only explains one of them
Why does the Sahara Desert have very little evaporation?
There is not much water to be evaporated.
Each of the following statements about rivers and streams is correct EXCEPT
They always flow all year
Which of the following is true about ice caps?
They are a type of glacier, usually flat and wide
Which of the following best describes carbohydrates?
They are composed of hydrated carbon atoms
Your scale incorrectly measures the weight of your chemical by 5 grams each time. Which of the following statements is true about your data?
They are precise but not accurate due to systematic error
Which of the following is true of fossils?
They are remains of past organisms. They can be a footprint. They have been preserved by nature.
How are trees affected by acid rain?
They become less resistant to the cold. Their water uptake is limited. They become more susceptible to infections.
Which of the following statements about the relationship between plunging breakers and spilling breakers is TRUE?
They both occur on the same shoreline slope.
Which of the following is NOT true for protists?
They can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Why are heat waves considered to be extreme weather?
They can cause loss of life and/or property
Which is true about homologous structures?
They can have different functions They may occur only in certain life stages They can be genetic or physical They can indicate a common ancestor
Why do seismic waves (in general) cause a lot of damage?
They contain a lot of energy.
Which of the following is true about electromagnetic waves?
They do not need a medium to travel through
In what way do estuaries provide an environmental service?
They filter sediments and pollutants from water.
What is the problem with the approach of many countries to Integrated Waste Management?
They focus too much on waste management at the expense of waste reduction.
Which of the following is a reason barrier islands are important for coastal geology?
They form unique ecosystems like estuaries, lagoons, and bays that support diverse species
Which of these is TRUE about sound waves?
They have areas of compression and rarefaction.
Which of these is true of areas located near the equator?
They have little variation in temperature.
How are nerve cells specialized?
They have long connections that transmit messages quickly.
Why are mosses, hornworts and liverworts small?
They lack vascular tissue to move food and water throughout the plant.
What do ribosomes do in all living cells?
They make proteins
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning volcanoes?
They only occur on land, not underwater
Which of the following is NOT a reason animals thrive in estuaries?
They provide human contact.
This geyser in Yellowstone National Park is named for the reliability of its eruptions.
This geyser in Yellowstone National Park is named for the reliability of its eruptions.
Brown eye color is dominant to blue eye color. If someone is heterozygous for the brown eye color allele, which of the following statements would be true?
This person has one allele for brown eyes, and one allele for blue eyes.
How many laws of motion did Newton discover?
Three
How do Ca2+ and phosphate, (PO4) 3- combine to make an electrically neutral compound?
Three Ca2+ ions combine with two (PO4)3- ions.
Which of the following bases is NOT a component of RNA?
Thymine
The difference in the strength of gravity between two points on a body is a:
Tidal force
Which of the following is incorrect?
Tidal forces only affect the oceans on our planet
What is the role of the pigment molecules in photosynthesis?
To absorb light energy
What is the general job of the human digestive system?
To break food down into smaller molecules that can be used by your body.
What is the job of the human body's pulmonary circuit?
To carry blood to the lungs so carbon dioxide can be released and oxygen can be picked up.
What is the purpose of a ventilation hood?
To contain gases, fumes, and vapors
Why do we multiply the porosity by 100?
To convert it to a percentage
Agonistic behaviors are often displayed for which of the following reasons?
To defend a territory To defend a mate To defend a food source
What are prioritized reason water is stored in reservoirs?
To drink water. For hydroelectric power generation. To prevent flooding.
What does it mean to draw logical conclusions from experimental data?
To evaluate information and make judgements about it
Why do some ionic compound names have Roman numerals in them?
To indicate the charge on the cation
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
To package proteins for cellular export
Why are dikes and levees constructed?
To prevent flooding through natural structures.
What is the purpose of the systemic circuit of the human body?
To supply blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to the body.
How far do you need to dig to create a functioning well?
To the water table
Reuse
To use an item again after it has been used
Why do forests need to be by a water source?
To water the abundance of trees
What triggers your brain to need to take a breath?
Too much carbon dioxide
Which of the following best describes the visible expressions of the relationships between the geologic forces acting to elevate the land surface and those wearing it away?
Topography
A narrow area of violently rotating wind is called a _____.
Tornado
What causes wind?
Uneven heating of the earth's surface.
Intraspecific competition usually gives rise to which of the following dispersion patterns?
Uniform
What is one variable in a data set that is analyzed to describe a scenario or experiment?
Univariate data
Which of the following ocean circulation patterns brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface, supporting marine life in the area?
Upwelling
What type of weather is associated with an air mass that has a classification of mT in the summer?
Warm, moist air
Which of the following is a lake?
Water body C usually has waves
Which of the following properties helps explain why a city near the Pacific Ocean experiences less dramatic changes in temperature during the day compared to a city farther inland?
Water has a high specific heat.
People today are taller than they were a hundred years ago. This seems to be because:
We have better nutrition, which is an environmental factor that affects phenotype
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is the day to day meteorological conditions of an area, while climate is the overall pattern of the meteorological conditions of an area.
When waves break down a sea cliff, pick up and carry the debris, and dump on the shore forming a beach, what processes are happening, and in what order are they happening?
Weathering, then erosion, then deposition
Debate over the atomic theory in the 20th century involved whether electrons
Were waves or particles
What is term gravity?
What causes all objects to accelerate toward Earth at the same rate What keeps people from being flung out into space A force of attraction between two objects
Carbon Dioxide
What is one main human-induced factor that is included in a climate model?
How are cumulus clouds formed?
When air masses experience convectional lifting
Which of the following is the appropriate definition of green chemistry?
When chemical products and processes are designed in a way that reduces the use or creation of hazardous substances
In relation to the human eye, what is the definition of accommodation?
When the lens of the eye changes shape to allow your eye to focus on nearby and faraway objects
When do neap tides occur?
When the moon and sun are at right angles to the earth's orbit
When would you use relative dating techniques?
When you need to know if a rock or fossil is older than another. When you want to learn about the history of a rock or fossil. When you need to know if a rock or fossil is younger than another.
In which of the following situations would insulin be released from the pancreas?
When you've eaten a lot of candy at a party
What is ecosystem homeostasis?
Where an ecosystem is in balance - in equilibrium. This means the populations of species in the ecosystem are relatively stable.
Where do estuaries occur?
Where rivers meet a large body of water
Which of the following is NOT a direct agent of erosion?
Which of the following is NOT a direct agent of erosion?
nutrient pollution
a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients
A meteorite is a(n)
a natural object from small to ginormous that originates in space and survives impact with the Earth's surface.
Carbon sink
a natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period
pH scale
a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
hot plate
a portable self-contained tabletop small appliance that features one, two or more electric heating elements or gas burners
hypothesis
a proposed explanation for a phenomenon
A group of organisms that can interbreed and form fertile offspring are known as:
a species
keystone species
a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance
scatter plot
a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data
A species can be more successful if it has ______.
a unique niche
Albinism (a condition in which a person has a faulty gene for melanin production), comes about from a homozygous recessive genotype. Using A and a to represent the alleles for melanin production, which is/ are the possible genotype/s for an albino person?
aa
A systematic error is one of ___ , and a random error is one of ___
accuracy, precision
acid mine drainage
acid and metalliferous drainage , or acid rock drainage refers to the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines
Which of the following are the complimentary base pairs in DNA?
adenine and thymine guanine and cytosine
In order to produce the most ATP, an organism needs to perform
aerobic cellular respiration
degrees Celsius
also known as centigrade, is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature
Which of the following are chemical compound?
ammonium lauryl sulfate ammonia water
Which two parameters can both be measured in meters?
amplitude and wavelength
error
an action which is inaccurate or incorrect
When a bond forms, energy is given off to the surroundings. This is an example of
an exothermic reaction
microscopes
an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye
metric system
an internationally agreed decimal system of measurement
Earth is
an oblate spheroid
Chloroflurocarbon CFCs
an organic compound that contains only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as volatile derivative of methane, ethane, and propane
Aquifers
an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well
When games and competitions are held at high altitudes, athletes must specially train to postpone their cells from switching to
anaerobic cellular respiration
Which of the following might prevent an organism from becoming a fossil?
animal eating the organism soft-bodied organism organsim being dispersed by water
Land subsidence and sinkholes are the result of:
aquifer depletion
microwave
are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz
Cell membrane proteins
are important for transporting materials into or out of a cell.
A focal species is one that conservation biologists are _____.
concentrated on protecting
All voltage sources:
convert one type of energy into electrical energy to generate voltage
An example of a good conductor is:
copper
Clouds with the word 'stratus' in them will
cover the entire sky
Voltage is equal to:
current multiplied by resistance
What is defined as the degree of compactness of an object or substance?
density
Which is not an example of a recessive trait in humans?
detached earlobes
All magnets are:
dipoles
White light of a given frequency goes through a prism. What causes a rainbow to form on the other side?
dispersion
In the classification of living things, eubacteria are a _____ .
domain
Which of the following are characteristics of DNA?
double helix, double strands
If you cut a magnet into pieces:
each piece will have a north pole and a south pole
Generators use _____ to push electrons through a wire.
electromagnetic induction
The field of conservation biology studies _____.
environmental problems caused by human actions
Which type of fossilization preserves body tissues?
freezing
Which wave parameter measures the number of cycles that are completed in one second?
frequency
What kind of measurements do we take of waves?
frequency wavelength amplitude
This type of hot spring is not the same as a geyser because it releases only steam.
fumarole
The acceleration due to gravity is represented by
g
A discrete unit of DNA that produces a protein that provides the functionality a cell needs is _____.
gene
What is defined as the study of Earth's shape and size?
geodesy
Please fill in the blanks. Gametes are _____ and they are _____ with respect to their DNA complement.
germ cells; haploid
When heating a solution, a _____ is the best option for highly flammable substances while a _____ is best when heating to extremely high temperatures.
hot plate; crucible
Geographical areas where magma comes close to the Earth's surface to create geothermal activity
hot spots
An ecological niche includes ______.
how an organism obtains food how an organism reproduces how an organism survives
Springs are classified by:
how much water they discharge
Mineral hardness is a measure of _____.
how resistant a mineral is to scratching
Surface mining
including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed
The induced voltage in a coil will _____.
increase as the rate of change of the magnetic field increases
The spacing of the field lines:
indicates the strength of the magnetic field
A comet is a(n)
icy ball of rock that displays a coma, a fuzzy temporary atmosphere, or a tail when it travels close to the sun.
What type of animal makes up over 98% of the Animalia Kingdom?
invertebrates
The area of the atmosphere that makes radio communication possible is called the _____.
ionosphere
Coal
is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams
Bunsen burner
is a common piece of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame, which is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion
longwall mining
is a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice
mixture
is a material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically
evaporating dish
is a piece of laboratory glassware used for the evaporation of solutions and supernatant liquids, and sometimes to their melting point
autoclave
is a pressure chamber used to carry out industrial processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure different from ambient air pressure
science experiment
is a procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis
neutrons
is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0, with no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton
proton
is a subatomic particle, symbol p or p+, with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and mass slightly less than that of a neutron
populations
is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding
detergent
is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute solutions
molecule
is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
compound
is an entity consisting of two or more atoms, at least two from different elements, which associate via chemical bonds
wastewater
is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence
Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's crust _____.
is broken into pieces that move around.
Radiation
is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium
greenhouse effect
is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere
radioactive decay
is the process by which the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and conversion electrons
radioactive substance
is the process by which the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and conversion electrons
diagnosis
is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs
Breaking down rock by physical means is ________.
mechanical weathering
Subsurface mining is _____ disruptive to the earth and produces _____ waste than surface mining.
less, less
The pH scale measures the _____ of a solution.
level of acidity
In which type of wave do the particles in the medium move parallel to the wave direction?
longitudinal
A _____ system usually produces more clouds because it causes air to _____, forming clouds.
low pressure; rise and cool
Nimbostratus clouds are found at _____ altitudes and indicate _____ weather.
low, rainy
Karst is ________.
made of limestone rock a set of formations like caves, columns and spires a type of chemical weathering
A dominant allele ______.
masks a recessive allele
The force on an object is a product of the object's _____ and _____.
mass; acceleration
graduated cylinder
measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a common piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid
Wetlands are
natural and human-made
What is the process by which an organism with a trait better suited for the environment will thrive and produce more offspring?
natural selection
Mechanical waves
need a medium to flow through
Control systems that tend to reduce the difference between the desired value of a variable and the observed value are called
negative feedback systems or error correction systems
Generators are used to generate voltage in what type of power plant?
nuclear coal natural gas hydroelectric
fragmentation
or clonal fragmentation in multicellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning in which an organism is split into fragments
The purpose of _____ is to provide separation and compartmentalization of processes in eukaryotes.
organelles
The immune system is a huge communication network that is made up of...
organs none of these tissues cells
Wind is forced to rise when it hits a mountain. The rising air then cools, and the moisture within it condenses into snow. This process is an example of _____.
orographic lifting
Which wave parameter measures the time it takes to complete one cycle?
period
When minerals from sediment replace an organism's tissues, which type of fossilization has occurred?
permineralization
Current is equal to:
voltage divided by resistance
Part of the Clean Air Act legislation of 1970 is reproduced as follows: It sets limits on emissions and standards for air quality, provided funding for pollution control research but prevents citizens to sue those who violate the standards. The standards set forth in this legislation by the Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, identified six pollutants. Which part is wrongly reproduced?
preventing citizens from suing those who violate the standards
The shortest electromagnetic waves with the lowest frequency are
radio waves
Which of the following is an example of electromagnetic waves
radio waves
The crests and troughs of a transverse wave are like the compressions and _____ of a longitudinal wave.
rarefactions
Bioaccumulation
refers to the accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, or other chemicals in an organism
Comets come from
the Oort Cloud or the Kuiper Belt.
Electromagnetic induction is _____.
the ability of a changing magnetic field to induce a voltage in a conductor
Conductivity is:
the ability of a material to transfer electrical energy
Enthalpy change is
the amount of energy as heat that is lost or gained by a system
Runoff occurs when:
the ground is saturated with water.
What would the distance between two compressions of a longitudinal wave represent?
the wavelength
Homozygous recessive means
there are two recessive alleles present
If a permanent magnet is sitting next to a conductor _____.
there will be no induced voltage in the conductor
Geothermal energy
thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth
Which wind belt is caused by air returning to the equator at about 0 to 30 degrees latitude?
tropical easterlies
Unequal heating of the earth by the sun and the earth's rotation cause what?
tropical easterlies wind belts polar easterlies
Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between
two phosphate groups
Glycerol
typically found in soap
The band of the electromagnetic spectrum that helps humans produce vitamin D:
ultraviolet waves
Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes that occur _____.
underwater
Which of the following statements is true about speciation?
usually follows mass extinctions
Regarding natural selection, what is it called when a trait is expressed in more than one way?
variation
Materials that make good electrical insulators contain atoms with:
very few, if any, free electrons
Which list gives the sequence of atoll formation?
volcano, coral growth, subsidence
Surface Waters
water on the surface of the planet such as in a river, lake, wetland, or ocean
Cloud formation is an example of condensation because _____.
water vapor condenses around particles in the atmosphere
Which wave parameter measures the spatial distance of one wave cycle?
wavelength
The process where rocks and minerals are broken down by the elements of nature is called _____.
weathering
A poorly-sorted rock has a lower porosity than a _____ rock.
well-sorted
What is continental deflection?
when an ocean current nears a land mass and must change course
An endothermic reaction is:
when the system gains heat as the surroundings cool down.
What is the driving force behind surface currents?
wind