Science Test 7 (Chapter 7)
dusting
A bird "bathing" himself in the dirt is called ___.
precocial
A bird that is born with down feathers and is able to run shortly after birth is said to be ___.
chalazae
The yolk body is held in place by two dense, twisted cords called ___.
keel
What structure on a bird's sternum provides an attachment for the flight muscles
Andean condor
the largest flying bird
pectorals
A bird's most important flight muscles are the ___.
mobbing
A flock of smaller birds is harassing a larger bird. What is this behavior called?
preen
Birds ____________ to replace their old, broke feathers with new ones
instinct
Birds are able to know what kind of nest to build because of a built in knowledge called
four
Birds have a ____-chambered heart.
probing
Birds such as sandpipers and whimbrels have long slender ___________ bills for retrieving crustaceans burrowed in the sand
altitudinal
Some birds migrate by moving short distances up or down a mountain. This is ___ migration.
preen gland
What organ produces oil that birds spread over their feathers?
alula
What retractable group of feathers is supported by a bird's "thumb" bone?
gizzard
What special section of a bird's stomach grinds food to make it more easily absorbed
keratin
What substance makes up a bird's bill
gaping
What type of bill has hinged jaws that allow the bill to be opened widely
nuthatch
What type of bird is known for climbing down a tree trunk head first?
climbing feet
What type of feet do hunting birds like hawks need to capture their prey
swimming feet
What type of feet does a bird have that has four toes on each foot? Three point forward and are connected by webbing, and the fourth points straight back.
perching
What type of foot has three forward toes and one hind toe
megapodes
Which group of birds does not provide any parental care for their young after hatching
gliding
Which type of flight allows birds to coast "downhill"
The parent must transfer body heat to the eggs
Why do birds lose the feathers on their brood patch
crop
a food storage sac in a bird's esophagus
game birds
includes chickens and quail
birds of prey
includes eagles, hawks, falcons, and vultures
songbirds
most likely preferred food of a bird with binocular vision
flightless birds
most members do not have a keel
down
soft, fluffy feathers found close to a bird's body are _______________ feathers
contour
strong feathers found on a bird's body, wings, and tail
soaring
the art of staying aloft by exploiting the energy of the atmosphere
bee hummingbird
the smallest bird in the world
ostrich
What is the largest living bird
yolk
What is the nutrient-rich fluid that feeds an unhatched chick
calcium carbonate
What is the outermost shell of an egg made of
germinal spot
What is the region of an egg where the embryo develops?
1. Birds use their chest muscles to expand and contract the thoracic cavity. This causes the bird to breathe more vigorously during flight. Mammals use a diaphragm 2. A birds lungs have air capillaries. Air travels through the lungs rather than in and out of them. This gives the avian a steadier oxygen supply and allows higher oxygen transfer rate. Mammals have a dead-end alveoli. 3. Mammals inhale and exhale once for each breath; however, birds inhale and exhale twice to move each breath through the respiratory system. 4. Birds are designed with air sacs that store air during the cycle of breathing and air tubes that extend into the bones. Mammals do not have sacs and tubes .
Describe 4 main differences between the avian and mammalian respiratory systems and explain how each shows birds design for their lifestyle
two forward, two backward
How are the toes of a climbing foot arranged?
two
How many shell membranes does a bird egg have
hovering
Hummingbirds are able to remain stationary in the air. What type of flight is this?
tropical birds
Includes macaws and parakeets
game birds
Includes many edible birds that are or have been hunted
flightless birds
Includes ostriches and emus
water birds
Includes pelicans and grebes
monocular
Most birds are able to detect danger from all sides because they are designed with _____________ vision
keratin
Of what substance are the shell membranes of a bird egg made
altricial
Offspring that are completely dependent on parental care
syrinx
Organ that allows a bird to produce sound without vocal cords is
feathers
Plumage is referring to birds
flyways
What are migration routes that birds follow year after year called?
field marks
What are the colors, patterns, and markings that are characteristic of a particular bird species?
bowerbird
What bird is known for building a huge "nest" and decorating it with shiny objects as part of its mating rituals
incubation
What is the act of keeping eggs warm for proper chick development called
peregrine falcon
What is the fastest bird
