Science Test 7 (Chapter 7)

dusting

A bird "bathing" himself in the dirt is called ___.

precocial

A bird that is born with down feathers and is able to run shortly after birth is said to be ___.

chalazae

The yolk body is held in place by two dense, twisted cords called ___.

keel

What structure on a bird's sternum provides an attachment for the flight muscles

Andean condor

the largest flying bird

pectorals

A bird's most important flight muscles are the ___.

mobbing

A flock of smaller birds is harassing a larger bird. What is this behavior called?

preen

Birds ____________ to replace their old, broke feathers with new ones

instinct

Birds are able to know what kind of nest to build because of a built in knowledge called

four

Birds have a ____-chambered heart.

probing

Birds such as sandpipers and whimbrels have long slender ___________ bills for retrieving crustaceans burrowed in the sand

altitudinal

Some birds migrate by moving short distances up or down a mountain. This is ___ migration.

preen gland

What organ produces oil that birds spread over their feathers?

alula

What retractable group of feathers is supported by a bird's "thumb" bone?

gizzard

What special section of a bird's stomach grinds food to make it more easily absorbed

keratin

What substance makes up a bird's bill

gaping

What type of bill has hinged jaws that allow the bill to be opened widely

nuthatch

What type of bird is known for climbing down a tree trunk head first?

climbing feet

What type of feet do hunting birds like hawks need to capture their prey

swimming feet

What type of feet does a bird have that has four toes on each foot? Three point forward and are connected by webbing, and the fourth points straight back.

perching

What type of foot has three forward toes and one hind toe

megapodes

Which group of birds does not provide any parental care for their young after hatching

gliding

Which type of flight allows birds to coast "downhill"

The parent must transfer body heat to the eggs

Why do birds lose the feathers on their brood patch

crop

a food storage sac in a bird's esophagus

game birds

includes chickens and quail

birds of prey

includes eagles, hawks, falcons, and vultures

songbirds

most likely preferred food of a bird with binocular vision

flightless birds

most members do not have a keel

down

soft, fluffy feathers found close to a bird's body are _______________ feathers

contour

strong feathers found on a bird's body, wings, and tail

soaring

the art of staying aloft by exploiting the energy of the atmosphere

bee hummingbird

the smallest bird in the world

ostrich

What is the largest living bird

yolk

What is the nutrient-rich fluid that feeds an unhatched chick

calcium carbonate

What is the outermost shell of an egg made of

germinal spot

What is the region of an egg where the embryo develops?

1. Birds use their chest muscles to expand and contract the thoracic cavity. This causes the bird to breathe more vigorously during flight. Mammals use a diaphragm 2. A birds lungs have air capillaries. Air travels through the lungs rather than in and out of them. This gives the avian a steadier oxygen supply and allows higher oxygen transfer rate. Mammals have a dead-end alveoli. 3. Mammals inhale and exhale once for each breath; however, birds inhale and exhale twice to move each breath through the respiratory system. 4. Birds are designed with air sacs that store air during the cycle of breathing and air tubes that extend into the bones. Mammals do not have sacs and tubes .

Describe 4 main differences between the avian and mammalian respiratory systems and explain how each shows birds design for their lifestyle

two forward, two backward

How are the toes of a climbing foot arranged?

two

How many shell membranes does a bird egg have

hovering

Hummingbirds are able to remain stationary in the air. What type of flight is this?

tropical birds

Includes macaws and parakeets

game birds

Includes many edible birds that are or have been hunted

flightless birds

Includes ostriches and emus

water birds

Includes pelicans and grebes

monocular

Most birds are able to detect danger from all sides because they are designed with _____________ vision

keratin

Of what substance are the shell membranes of a bird egg made

altricial

Offspring that are completely dependent on parental care

syrinx

Organ that allows a bird to produce sound without vocal cords is

feathers

Plumage is referring to birds

flyways

What are migration routes that birds follow year after year called?

field marks

What are the colors, patterns, and markings that are characteristic of a particular bird species?

bowerbird

What bird is known for building a huge "nest" and decorating it with shiny objects as part of its mating rituals

incubation

What is the act of keeping eggs warm for proper chick development called

peregrine falcon

What is the fastest bird