SCM 455 Final

What is the Median of the following set of numbers? 15, 11, 2, 6, 21, 9, 1, 4, 24, 17

10

3. One of the primary outputs of a "Lean initiative (Lean Project)" is improved quality? True False

False

30 days of monitoring is usually an acceptable amount of time to ensure the changes we have made will stay without further attention? True False

False

A mass communication stating the problem and the need for change is an effective method of convincing people to adopt new practices? Ture False

False

A primary purpose of a process flow chart is to identify potential causes that make the process inefficient True False

False

Affinity diagrams are generally reserved for the Define or Measure Phases and do not have much value in helping to generate potential solutions? True False

False

Crazy ideas should be discounted immediately during Brainstorming so as not to waste time or confuse the solution generation? True False

False

If you were looking to assess the long term capability of a process we would be interested in the CPK? True False

False

In a manufacturing operation, Labor costs typically represent the largest portion of costs as a percent of revenue? True False

False

Once written, the Project Charter is pretty much set in stone? True False

False

Quality metrics need only be reported monthly to give an accurate picture of what is taking place? True False

False

Statistical process control determines whether or not our process is capable of meeting tolerance specifications? True False

False

The failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) is a component of the Control Phase? True False

False

The problem statement is the first step in starting the Lean Six Sigma Project? True False

False

A "Business Case" or reason for undertaking the project should be present on the project Charter? True False

True

A force field analysis could be used to determine a strategy to deal with late adopters and resistors to your project? True False

True

A lumber mill cuts lumber into 8 foot lengths. to be certain that every board is at least 8 feet long the mill cuts every board a little longer to account for variation in the cutting process. Assume the mean length of an 8 foot piece of lumber is really 96.75 inches. The upper tolerance limit is 97.75 inches and the lower tolerance limit is 96.25 inches. It has been determined through sampling that the standard deviation is .1 inches. True or False, this process is capable of meeting these tolerance limits? True False

True

A process cycle efficiency score of .10 or 10% would be an indication of a process with much waste? True False

True

Incentives are a good way to help instill changes we have made? True False

True

It is critical that we have an Opinion Leader who is part of the social structure we are working with advocating on our behalf if we are to be successful in initiating change True False

True

It would be very beneficial to the success of your project if one of the members of your project team was a "connector"? True False

True

Security is now component of a 5S initiative? True False

True

The following is a pretty good example of a Problem Statement? Since the first of the month, customer complaints for our water systems division have increased 20 percent over the previous month True False

True

1. The primary benefit from conducting a six sigma project is? a. A reduction in process variability b. A reduction in excess inventory c. An increase in process velocity d. Improved organization

a

2. Lean is heavily dependent on this concept a. Pull system b. Push system c. Mass production d. Batch processing

a

4. These individuals are credited with creating what we now call Six sigma? a. Smith & Mikel b. Demming & Crosby c. Taguchi & Ishikawa d. Juran & Shewhart

a

According to Little's Law, if our company decides to source product from overseas, which was previously sourced domestically and assuming no other differences, we can expect our Inventory Holding Costs to a. Increase b. Decrease c. Remain the same d. Little's Law does not affect Inventory Holding Costs

a

If we test that the average of two means are equal to one another and the P-value is >.05, then we would say? a. The two means are statically equal b. The two means are NOT statically equal c. A Type 1 error has occurred d. The R-value would likely be small

a

One negative of using continuous data is a. Continuous data sometimes does not report all the variability, b. It takes many more data points to produce accurate results c. It can be subject to different interpretations d. Continuous data is not easily displayed

a

One thing I have concluded after grading thousands of tests over many year is, whatever a student scores on their first exam of the semester, the grade on the second exam is going to be very similar to the first. To verify this, what test would you recommend I use? a. 2 Sample Paired T-Test b. ANOVA test c. 2 Sample T-Test d. Test of Equivalence

a

The value of scatter plot is, they can? a. Show potential relationships between two variables b. They quantify the correlation between two variables c. Show us if a process is in control d. Determine if there too much oscillation is taking place within our data

a

This tool can help in describing how we would like to see the Future State a. More or Less of chart b. Pareto Chart c. Kano Analysis d. Critical to Quality Tree Diagram

a

This tool will help determine inefficiencies in movement or flow? a. Spaghetti Diagram b. Deployment chart c. Opportunity chart d. Waterfall diagram

a

What do Statistical Process control charts detect? a. A change in process variation b. a change in operating efficiency c. a change in total process time d. A change in productivity

a

What statement about R-Charts is most accurate? a. R-chart do not do a good job of capturing the variability when using large amounts of data b. R-charts do not give the proper sensitivity as to the capability of the process c. The R-chart should be used when the sample size is large d. The R-chart should be used independently from the X bar chart

a

When a new process change is introduce in an area, what is the most critical element in the successful implementation of that change? a. Training b. Documentation c. Education d. Incentives

a

The value of a Histogram is? a. It provides an indication as to how variable our data is b. It can show the potential relationship between variables c. It can provide an indication if trends are present in our data d. It can be used to calculate the defect cost per unit

a.

10. Which distinguished individual is credited with developing Statistical Process Control Charts (SPC) and when variability can be left alone or should be addressed? a. Demming b. Shewhart c. Harry d. Ishikawa

b

A reason for "stating the need for change" is to? a. To secure funding and resources to complete the project b. Validate to everyone why the project is important c. To help prioritize the project d. To align project goal with overall company objectives

b

After the successful implementation of an "improve" stage, a Blackbelt team is considering control charts to monitor the new gains for a process. Which approach would provide the best results? a. Chart as many characteristics as possible b. Chart the most important variables associated with the CTQC's c. Use control charts for variables only d. Use numerous control charts for attributes and variables

b

Assume we have a process that currently has 100 units working its way through a manufacturing process (ex. Work in Process Inventory). Let's also say it takes 2 minutes for a part to complete the fabrication process. Assume there are 5 unique process steps in the total fabrication process. What would be the process velocity? a. 2 work stations per hour b. 1.5 work stations per hour c. .1 workstations per hour d. 3.5 work stations per hour

b

Before making any significant changes to our process we should first do this? a. Determine the potential savings b. Check/validate the current metric being used to measure the process c. Create a team to fix the process d. Create a data collection plan

b

Having normally distributed data is important because? a. It is easier to display b. It allows us to do many different types of analysis c. Normally distributed data means we do not have outliers that could throw off our results d. Non-normally distributed data is essentially useless

b

If the P-value on a Probability Plot is less than .05, we can conclude? a. Our data is normally distributed b. Our data is not normally distributed c. Our data is continuous d. Our data cannot be used

b

If we see a Box Plot where the Mean is well below the Median, we would then conclude? a. There is likely to be a large cluster of data points near the Mean thus pulling the Mean below the Median with a few extreme data points pulling the Median away from the mean b. There is likely to a large cluster of data points near the Median, with extreme data points below the Median thus pulling the Mean to be less than the Median c. We would expect the Whiskers on the Box Plot to be equal d. We would say that the Mean is more reflective of the true Central Tendency for this set of values

b

If we were interested in comparing processing times of 1st shift with 2nd shift and 3rd shift, we might want to use this type of graph? a. Pareto chart b. Box plot c. Stem and Leaf Plot d. Run Chart

b

In Lean Six Sigma Language, the process of organizing and cleaning is referred to as? a. 5Y b. 5S c. Process Cycle Efficiency d. Muda

b

In determining if a process is in control or not, continuous data is best displayed on what kind of a chart? a. P chart b. X bar chart c. U Chart d. C Chart

b

It is essential that this be developed and put in place if the improvements are to take hold and become institutionalized? a. FMEA b. Control Plan c. RACI Chart d. Implementation Review Plan

b

It is important that we state a need for change and it is important HOW we state this need for change. 3D's are frequently used to help state the need for change. These are? a. Demand, Data, Display b. Data, Demonstration, Demand c. Demonstration, Data, Decision d. Data, Demonstration, Determination

b

The first step in beginning to measure a process is to? a. Develop a Sampling Plan b. Identify what it is we want to measure c. Determine our KPI's d. Create a Data Collection Plan

b

The number of orders shipped per day would be an example of? a. Primary Metric b. Secondary Metric c. Effectiveness Metric d. Service Metric

b

The theory of constraints says a. The bottleneck will tend to speed up to try and match the pace of other tasks b. The output of any process is equal to the output of the bottleneck c. Non-bottleneck Workers will tend to speed up to eliminate any work and take longer breaks in between d. To overcome the bottleneck we should be operating at 100% utilization

b

The variance Inflation factor tell us? a. The degree to which coefficient values of the Predictor Variables have been inflated due to their relationship with the Response Variable b. If a relationship exists between predictor variables c. The percentage of the predictor variables that can be used to predict the response variable d. Which predictor variable is the best one to use in predicting the response variable

b

To get an idea of who is doing what we might want to create this type of flow chart? a. A SIPOC diagram b. Development Flow Chart c. Spaghetti Diagram d. Value Added Flow Chart

b

What is considered an ideal batch size in a continuous flow operation? a. Large batches b. One piece at a time c. The Takt Time batch size d. It depends on the bin size

b

When we collect data there is occasionally some odd data points that are well outside the range of most of the other data points. Let's assume these odd data points also cause our data t be not normally distributed. If we had to use this data to compare with other data what test would be most appropriate? a. Chi-Square b. Mood's Median Test c. Krusal-Wallis Test d. Box-Cox

b

Which of the following is not one of the primary categories for critical quality characteristics? a. Cost b. Labor c. Availability d. Service

b

You have run a gauge R&R analysis and the output produced a result that said the Gauge R&R as a percentage of the total variation was 95%. What is your conclusion? a. The measurement system is acceptable b. the measurement system is completely unacceptable c. The measurement system is marginally acceptable d. The measurement system is within tolerance

b

6. Most problems experienced in organization is the result of? a. Poor or bad employees b. Poor suppliers c. Poorly defined processes d. Poor quality

c

8. This term is associated error proofing? a. Total Quality management (TQM) b. Poky-Man c. Poka-Yoke d. Poca-Hontas

c

A "P" chart has been used for some time on a process. Recently, steps have been made to substantially improve the process. One would not be surprised to find that? a. The chart demonstrates more out of control combination b. The chart must be converted into a variable chart c. A larger sample size must be taken to determine of the improvements are in control d. The chart requires the samples to be taken more frequently than in the past

c

Assume calls are received at a call center at a rate of 50 calls per hour. The average number of calls handled by the call center is one caller per minute. How long can a caller expect to wait on the line before the service rep picks of their call? a. 12.5 minutes b. 2.5 minutes c. 5 minutes d. 1.2 minutes

c

Assume we have a customer demand of 2000 units per week. Let's also assume that production facility works 8 hours per day, 5 days per week. Workers are given 1 hour for lunch and 2, 15 minute breaks per day. What would be out TAKT Time? a. 1 unit every 1.2 minutes b. 50 units per hour c. 1 unit every 58.5 seconds d. .02 units per hour

c

Assume you work in a factory that assembles both laptops and desktop computers. Let's further assume that we manufacture 10 laptops per hour and 30 desktops per hour. How many equivalent units of laptops did we actually produce? a. 40 b. 60 c. 20 d. 33

c

If it is too difficult to take a sample of the process output to create an X bar chart then this chart is a good tool to use to determine if the process is in control or not? a. U chart b. C chart c. IMR Chart d. N Chart

c

If we were attempting to reduce the waiting time of material or people or information in our process then we might want to try and do this? a. Get the process to operate as close to 100 percent utilization as possible b. Standardize the service rate so that everyone/everything receives the same service rate c. Answers a&b above d. All of the above

c

It normally takes 50 minutes to cook a pie in your home oven. For the holidays you traveled to visit relatives and you baked the same kind of pie in their oven and it took 55 minutes. This is an example of what? a. Unexpected or uncontrollable variation b. Random variation c. Expected or controllable varation d. Standard variation

c

On average, one type of sales order seems to get processed more quickly than another type of sales order. A team has collected data and it does not appear that the data is normally distributed. Which test would you recommend using to determine if there is a statistical difference in processing time between the two types of orders? a. ANOVA b. Sample t-Test c. Kruskal-Wallis d. 2 proportion test

c

Scope Creep is? a. The tendency for very strange people to want to be part of our project team b. The tendency for our project to shrink in size from the original planned scope by removing requirements c. The tendency for our project to gradually grow in size by adding requests that were not part of the original requirements d. The result of working on odd projects that no one else wants to work on

c

The Dot Plot is another form of this? a. Bar chart b. Scatter Plot c. Histogram d. Box plot

c

The Pareto Chart is most helpful with this? a. For displaying a trend in the sales figures of several different key items b. For displaying the means of different data sets c. For displaying the critical few from the trivial many d. For displaying the distribution of data

c

When problem encompasses a wide range of issues making it difficult to determine where to begin, which of the following would be helpful to use? a. Cause & Effect Diagram b. Value Stream Map c. Affinity Diagram d. Thought Process map

c

Which control chart pattern best represents an in control process? a. A consecutive run of seven or more points on one side of the center line b. A random distribution of points with one point outside the control limits c. A random distribution of points on both sides of the center line d. A steady trend of points toward either control limit indicating an improvement

c

Which of the following is an example of error proofing? a. Using an R chart to prevent errors b. Using 100% inspection to detect and contain defects c. Using color coding to match pieces that go together d. Having the individual that created the error repair the error

c

Which of the following is not listed as a form of waste? a. Excessive number of touches/handling b. Excessive or unnecessary inventory c. Excessive disorganization d. Unnecessary Transportation

c

Why are Pilot tests, simulations, demonstrations and prototype testing important to six sigma teams? a. They can save time and money during problem analysis b. They indicate the optimal way to control a number of processes c. They are important techniques to evaluate potential improvements d. They are great ways to define problems

c

With Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) we are most interested in a process step that has this kind of number? a. High severity Number b. High Detection number c. High RPN d. Low RPN

c

5. Which individual is seen as the earliest advocate for waste reduction? a. Demming b. Crosby c. Ohno d. Ford

d

7. The concept most closely associated with "Lean" production is? a. Fewer Defects b. Better Quality c. Flexible production d. Elimination of Waste

d

9. Which of the following is most closely associated with Taiichi Ohno? a. Statistical process Control b. Critical to Quality Characteristics c. Total quality control d. Toyota Production System

d

A RACI Chart is used for this purpose? a. Placing a priority number on specific project tasks b. Plan the time frame for implementing specific project tasks c. Identifying the resource allocation for specific tasks d. Identifying key individual/parties responsible for specific tasks

d

How does Poka-Yoke respond to human error? a. By eliminating human error b. By punishing human error c. By rewarding defect detection due to human error d. By catching human error before it becomes a defect

d

Identifying the Stakeholders and aligning their interests with your project is critical because a. You cannot complete a RACI diagram otherwise b. We need to figure out a strategy to deal with the late adopters and resistors c. We want to be sure to have members on our team who are in favor of our proejct d. We need to know who is going to be impacted by our project and how they will be impacted

d

If in a factory where all processes are operating at 100 capacity, we will likely see? a. A factory with high output b. A factory with good efficiency c. A factory with relatively low levels of inventory d. A factory operating at a sub-optimal level

d

If we wanted to illustrate the complexity of a process such as distance travelled or the physical flow of people, materials or information we might use this tool? a. a SIPOC diagram b. a Value Stream Map c. a Development Flow Chart d. a Spaghetti diagram

d

One contribution of the Taguchi Method is, it allows us to? a. Calculate the number defects a process produces b. Calculates the total cost of defects produced c. Calculates the deviation of output from the desired target d. Calculates the cost per unit for any deviation from the desired target

d

One would say that the Kanban method would be most closely associated with? a. The development of a future state process stream map b. The elimination of non-value added activities in the process c. Making problems visible in a process, thus clarifying targets for improvement d. The control of material flow

d

SMED is used for a. Establishing criteria used in pilot testing b. Prioritizing brainstormed solutions c. Establishing the number of Kanban cards or cycles needed d. Identifying ways to reduce machine change over time

d

The 5 why analysis is a? a. Form of Lean. A place for everything and everything in its place b. Form of Nagging c. Solution brainstorming d. Form of Cause & Effect Analysis

d

This metric measure the amount of value added time spent on a process in relation to the entire process a. Throughput Yield b. Efficiency c. Rolled Throughput Yield d. Process Cycle Efficiency

d

This tool can help identify where resistance to the project might be coming from and how to develop strategies to deal with the cause of the resistance? a. TPS resistance analysis b. Pareto Analysis c. RACI analysis d. TPC resistance analysis

d

To achieve rapid improvement, which of the following concepts is appropriate? a. Standard work b. Poka-yoke c. 5S activities d. Kaizen blitz

d

Which item below is LEAST likely to affect the rate of adoption of your change/new way of doing things? a. The communication within the social structure b. the degree of innovation c. the influence of early adopters d. The degree of incentives

d

Which of the following is NOT a type of measurement scale? a. Ordinal b. Ratio c. Interval d. Binary

d