SCM301

forward pass

A critical path method technique for calculating the early start and early finish dates by working forward through the schedule model from the project start date or a given point in time.

backward pass

A critical path method technique for calculating the late start and late finish dates by working backward through the schedule model from the project end date.

Seasonality

A repeated pattern of spikes or drops in a time series associated with certain times of the year. regularly occurring conditions that vary with the time of year

Network diagram

A schematic display of the logical relationships or sequencing of project activities

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

A technique for estimating that applies a weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates. a project management technique that employs three time estimates for each activity A method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project.

Exponential Smoothing

A weighted-moving-average forecasting technique in which data points are weighted by an exponential function.

The application of​ knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project​ requirements" is the definition of

B. Project Management

Business Process Reengineering involves...

Business Process Reengineering involves - radical redesign of business processes.

Capacity

Capacity is defined as output per unit of time.

DMADV

Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify

Which of the following is the correct sequence of project​ phases?

Definition - planning - performance

Triple Constraints of Project Management

Describes the required balance of time, cost, and scope for a project. The Triple Constraints of Project Management is also defined by the Iron Triangle of Project Management. Also known as the Iron Triangle. This theory posits that time, cost, and scope are three constraints that every project has. time, cost, scope

Simplification

Elimination of unimportant detail on maps and retention and possibly exaggeration and distortion of important information, depending on the purpose of the map

​"A graphical tool used to show expected start and end times for project activities and to track actual progress against these time​ targets" is the definition of

Gantt Chart

Serviceability

How quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availability

Four Types of Processes

Know the four types of processes - mass - mass customization - artistic - nascent (broken).

Productivity

Productivity is a ratio of outputs to inputs.

THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS

- Identify the constraint - Exploit the constraint - Subordinate everything to the constraint - Elevate the constraint - Find the new constraints and repeat the steps

Fail fast and move on

- time is money - you're going to fail a lot, so just do it and move on

Value analysis would probably suggest

using standardized components

If you can measure a process, you can improve it

you can also manage it too

Which of the following statements about projects is​ best?

Projects have a defined ending point

Six Sigma

Six Sigma is a mathematical expression equivalent to 3.4 defects per million and uses the DMAIC process.

Postcompletion Phase

The fifth of five phases of a project where the project manager or team confirms the final outcome, conducts a postimplementation meeting to critique the project and personnel, and reassigns project personnel.

Concept Phase

The first of five phases of a project. Here, project planners develop a broad definition of what the project is and what its scope will be.

Performance Phase

The fourth of five phases of a project. In this phase, the organization actually starts to execute the project plan.

Rated Capacity

The long-term, expected output capability of a resource or system

Theoretical Capacity

The maximum output capability, allowing for no adjustments for preventive maintenance, unplanned downtime, or the like.

The primary job of Operations and Supply Chain Management is "continuity of supply".

The only time we are making money is when labor and machines are adding value and customers are being served.

Planning Phase

The part of the strategic marketing planning process when marketing executives, in conjunction with other top managers, (1) define the mission or vision of the business and (2) evaluate the situation by assessing how various players, both in and outside the organization, affect the firm's potential for success.

Project Definition Phase

The second of five phases in a project. Here, project planners identify how to accomplish the work, how to organize for the project, the key personnel and resources required to support the project, tentative schedules, and tentative budget requirements.

House of Quality

a part of the quality function deployment process that utilizes a planning matrix to relate customer wants to how the firm is going to meet those wants a matrix that helps a product design team translate customer requirements into operating and engineering goals

Critical Path Method

a project-management tool that illustrates the relationships among all the activities involved in completing a project and identifies the sequence of activities likely to take the longest to complete A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.

Linear Regression

a statistical method used to fit a linear model to a given data set A method of finding the best model for a linear relationship between the explanatory and response variable.

Trade-Off

an alternative that we sacrifice when we make a decision

​"A mechanism for coordinating and guiding decisions regarding the elements of a business—identifies core competencies and targeted​ customers; sets time frames and performance​ objectives" is the definition of

business strategy

Matching Capacity

capacity is increased at relatively the same rate that demand increases

The classic flow is that mission drives business​ strategy, which in turn drives functional strategy. When the functional strategy then feeds back into the business​ strategy, experts refer to this as

closing the loop

​_______________ allows activities in different development stages to overlap with one​ another, thereby shortening the total development time.

concurrent engineering

The desk manager at one location of a hotel chain studies her operations manual and does everything​ "by the​ book." At the very​ least, her hotel should have a high level of

conformance quality

​"Organizational strengths or​ abilities, developed over a long time​ period, that customers find valuable and competitors find difficult or even impossible to​ copy" is the definition of

core competency

4 dimensions of performance

cost, quality, variety, time

Standardization

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

​"The systematic consideration of maintainability issues over a​ product's projected life cycle in the design development​ process" is the definition of

design for maintainability (DFMt)

Mr. Flex requested that a number of​ non-standard items be incorporated into the design of his​ client's car audio system. One method for formally handling these adjustments is by

engineering change

Companies must prioritize and determine the performance dimensions on which they will focus and excel. Each performance dimension has several​ sub-dimensions. Mix,​ changeover, and volume are​ sub-dimensions of

flexibility

The supply chain function works with marketing to develop planning​ numbers, such as customer demand and availability of​ supply, which are needed for effective decision making. This supply chain activity is

forecasting

Forecasting and Planning is at the heart of all Supply Chain and Operations decisions.

forecasts

Forecasts do not have to be precise to deliver value, even directional forecasts benefit the organization.

forecasts

Determining the earliest start time​ (ES) and earliest finish time​ (EF) for each activity is known as the​ _______________ through the network.

forward pass

In a​ _______________, the supplier works with the customer to jointly design the​ product; whereas in a​ _______________, suppliers are provided with general requirements and are asked to fill in the technical specifications.

gray box, black box

A product with a large number of parts that are shipped from suppliers scattered across the globe has high

hidden costs

Testability

how easy a product is to be tested

Business Strategy

identifies how a division or strategic business unit will compete in its product or service domain

A U.S. equipment manufacturer finds a less expensive source of supply in China for steel forgings currently purchased from a United​ State's supplier. The manufacturer switches from the U.S. to the Chinese forging supplier. This is an example of which of the following important trends in operations and supply chain​ management?

increasing competition and globalization

Single-factor productivity

indicates the ratio of goods and services produced (outputs) to one resource (input) Indicates the ratio of one resource (input) to the goods and services produced (outputs). a productivity score that measures output levels relative to single input

Which of these operations and supply chain management career paths works closely with​ manufacturing, marketing, and purchasing to create​ timely, cost-effective​ import/export supply​ chains?

international logistics manager

Randomness

lack of pattern

Which of these statements about the transformation process is​ best?

operations are highly dependent on the quality of inputs

​"The planning,​ scheduling, and control of the activities that transform inputs into finished goods and​ services" is the definition of

operations management

​"Performance dimensions for which customers expect a minimum level of​ performance, but do not provide a competitive​ advantage" is the definition of

order qualifier

​"Performance dimensions which differentiate a​ company's products and​ services" is the definition of

order winner

Which of these is NOT a flow that moves up and down the supply​ chain?

procedural Flows that do move up and down are: information, money, physical

​"The overall process of​ strategy, organization, concept​ generation, product and marketing plan creation and​ evaluation, and commercialization of a new​ product" is the definition of

product development process

repeatability

refers to the fact that a behavior can occur repeatedly through time

The text indicates that which of the following is perhaps the most difficult of all the activities that operations and supply chain personnel​ perform?

relationship management

The question of whether a producer is capable of making the product over and over​ again, in the requisite​ volumes, is a matter of

repeatability

Project Milestones

represent key dates for which you need a certain group of activities performed points where progress is reviewed and actual and estimated completion times are compared

​_______________ refers to the ease with which parts can be​ replaced, serviced, or evaluated.

serviceability

crashing

shortening activity time in a network to reduce time on the critical path so total completion time is reduced A technique used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources.

Functional Strategy

strategy by which managers in specific areas decide how best to achieve corporate goals through productivity

The capacity planning function is closely linked with which two key interorganizational supply chain​ participants?

suppliers and customers

​"A network of manufacturers and service providers that work together to convert and move goods from the raw materials stage through to the end​ user" is the definition of

supply chain

Which of the following analyses would you find in a house of​ quality?

synergies among the product characteristics

Break Even Point

the point at which the costs of producing a product equal the revenue made from selling the product

multi-factor productivity

the ratio between the amount of output produced by an industry or business sector and the amount of inputs used indicates the ratio of many or all resources (inputs) to the goods and services produced (outputs)

Lead Capacity

A capacity strategy in which capacity is added in anticipation of demand.

Lag Capacity

A capacity strategy in which capacity is added only after demand has materialized.

Mapping

Mapping creates a common understanding of the content of a process: its activities, its results and who performs each of the steps.

Measures of Process Performance include...

Measures of Process Performance include Quality, Cost, Time and Flexibility.

Operations is the group that "produces the product or provides the service", and typically takes Inputs and Transforms them into Outputs, thereby adding value and creating wealth.

Operations

Supply Chain Flows Include physical, monetary and information components.

Supply Chain Flows Include physical, monetary and information components.

Swim lane process map

Swim Lane process maps are especially effective for cross functional processes.

Many companies negotiate pricing with their suppliers based on learning curve assumptions.

T

By serving as a pivot point between front office and back office functions, Supply Chain Management and Operations are in a unique position to connect the dots across the wider organization.

TRUE

Developing superior cross functional business processes is a best practice in business.

TRUE

It is a best practice to have early supplier involvement in projects. Suppliers can bring expertise and innovation to many projects.

TRUE

You have just graduated from college and are looking to buy your first car. Money is tight right​ now, so you are concerned with initial cost as well as ongoing expenses. At the same​ time, you​ don't want to drive a​ slow, outdated car like your parents do. You have narrowed your choices down to two​ vehicles: a Honda Enigma and a Bizzarrini Booster. Based on the numbers​ below, calculate the value index for each car. Which car provides you with the greatest​ value?

The value index for Honda Enigma is 37. ​(Enter your response as a whole​ number.) The value index for Bizzarrini Booster is 19. ​(Enter your response as a whole​ number.) The Honda Enigma provides the greatest total value index.

Cause and Effect Diagram

The value of the Cause and Effect Diagram is that it forces a team to look at all potential categories of issues when trying to identify the root cause of a defect.

Theory of Constraints is based on the concept that a systems output can be no greater than its least producing process or bottleneck operation.

Theory of Constraints - An approach to visualizing and managing capacity which recognizes that nearly all products and services are created through a series of linked processes, and in every case, there is at least one process step that limits throughput for the entire chain. THROUGHPUT IS CONTROLLED BY THE CONSTRAINT bottleneck

core competencies

Things a company does extremely well, which sometimes give it an advantage over its competition

Up to 80 percent of a product cost is locked in during the design phase.

True

Trend

a general direction in which something is developing or changing a pattern of change over time

Gannt Chart

a graphic planning and control technique that maps discrete tasks on a calendar a program management charting method that provides a graphical illustration of the time frame for tasks to be completed and what has been completed to date