Section 3

Which of the following effects of the cardiovascular system occurs during exercise?

Increased Ventricular Filling

What best describes the all-or-nothing principle? A motor unit will either contract maximally or not at all. The switch from type IIa to type IIx muscle fibers The switch from type I to type II muscle fibers All muscle fibers contract, or none at all do.

A motor unit will either contract maximally or not at all.

What is the fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone?

tendon

What is amortization in relevance to fitness?

the time delay between overcoming the negative work of the eccentric pre‐stretch to generating the force production and accelerating the muscle contraction and the elastic recoil in the direction of the plyometric movement pattern.

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to remove what waste product?

Carbon dioxide

How does taking "high" doses of Vitamin impact your health?

More is not always better. In some cases, increasing the dosage does not come with many adverse effects, but it also does not increase health benefits. An increased dose of Vitamin C over 1 g reduces absorption.

What is the function of non essential amino acids?

Nonessential amino acids support tissue growth and repair, immune function, red blood cell formation, and hormone synthesis

Improved performance during a plyometric jump is dependent upon which of the following? Rapid amortization phase Prolonged amortization phase Absent stretch reflex Release of stored energy during concentric phase

Rapid Amortization

Which of the following is not an appropriate expectation for a CPT? Referring out to a dietitian Prescribing a supplement Offering general advice on supplementation Teaching healthy portion sizes

Referring out to a dietitian

The upper trapezius works with what muscle as a force couple to create upward rotation of the scapula?

Serratus Anterior

What is known as a sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or a ruptured blood vessel?

Stroke

Along with muscle protein synthesis, which of the following is an important function of protein? Synthesis of hormones Regulation of body temperature Insulation of internal organs Padding of vital internal organs

Synthesis of hormones

What are the long bones of the upper body?

The long bones of the upper body include the clavicle (collarbone), humerus (upper arm bone), radius and ulna (forearm bones), metacarpals, and phalanges (finger bones).

If pyruvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate?

The pyruvate will be converted to lactate

Core and balance exercises are a component of which part of an OPT workout?

Activation

What provides padding to vital internal organs?

Adipose tissue (body fat)

(1) What are nonessential amino acids? (2) List all of the non essential amino acids.

(1) Amino acids which can be created in our body itself and do not need to be absorbed by the food we eat, which are where we get a majority of the essential amino acids we need; in other words: Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body if overall nutrition intake is adequate (2) alanine arginine asparagine aspartic acid cysteine glutamic acid glutamine glycine proline serine tyrosine

What is the difference between (1) afferent and (2) efferent neurons?

(1) The afferent or sensory division transmits impulses from peripheral organs to the CNS. (2) The efferent or motor division transmits impulses from the CNS out to the peripheral organs to cause an effect or action.

What is Type II Diabetes? How can one acquire Type II Diabetes?

Definition: a metabolic disorder that causes sugar (glucose) to accumulate in the blood Pancreas produces a hormone called insulin, which allows for glucose to enter the cell Type II diabetes causes cells to be insulin-resistant and ignore its message, aka "insulin resistance" Pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin to trigger these insulin-resistant cells to take in glucose Symptoms: leading to thirst, increased liquid intake, excessive thirst, weakness, drowsiness, and blurred vision. 1 in 4 people are unaware that they have the disease.

A client reports that he was recently told by his doctor that he has high blood sugar and that he should try to reduce it through dietary changes before considering medication. He asks you for advice. What would be the most appropriate course of action?

Explain that medical nutrition therapy is outside your scope of practice, then refer him to a registered dietitian for nutrition counseling.

What is the primary purpose of the peripheral nervous system?

To coordinate activity of all parts of the body

Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries?

Type 1 - Because of their increased oxygen demands, type I fibers have a larger number of capillaries and are often referred to as "red fibers."

What is the Valsalva maneuver? a. The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium b. The body's ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts c. The process of increasing the intensity or volume of exercise programs using a systematic and gradual approach d. A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability

d. a process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability

What is the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone?

ligament

The B vitamins have a primary role in what?

macronutrient metabolism

What area of the chest contains the heart?

mediastinum