Sectional Anatomy Final
Extrinsic back muscles include the: 1.trapezius 2.splenius capitis 3.latissimus dorsi 4.splenius cervicis
1 and 3
Internal carotid artery branches include: 1.anterior cerebral artery 2.posterior cerebral artery 3.middle cerebral artery 4.basilar artery
1 and 3 are correct
The sacral promontory is located on the:
1st sacral segment
The diaphragmatic surface of the heart is formed by the right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle
2 and 4
There are __ laryngeal cartilages.
9
Which artery is the largest and most anterior branch of the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic
The skeleton of the thorax includes all of the following structures except the
Lumbar Vertebrae
Lordosis is an exaggerated:
Lumbar curve
The __ nerve is the longest of the cranial nerves.
Vagus
Which of the following statements is not true about intervertebral discs?
a herniated disc occurs when the anulus fibrosus protrudes through the nucleus pulposus
The basal ganglia comprise all of the following except the
infundibulum
Each of the following statements about the ribs is correct except:
the first seven pairs of ribs are called vertebrochondral ribs
The anterior interventricular artery is a branch of
the left coronary artery
Which of the following is/are true about spinal nerves? 1.spinal nerves are mixed nerves, which contain both sensory and motor fibers 2.each spinal nerve has a dorsal root and a ventral root attached to the spinal cord 3.the dorsal root has an enlarged area, the dorsal root ganglion, which contains the cell bodies of sensory (afferent) neurons 4.the dorsal root enters the spinal cord at the dorsal funiculus (column) and the ventral root exits the spinal cord through the ventral funiculus (column)
1 2 3
Concerning the left coronary artery: it arises from the aorta just above the aortic semilunar valve it courses to the left, posterior to the pulmonary trunk its length commonly varies from one-half to two or three centimeters it divides into terminal branches just inferior to the right auricle
1 2 and 3
Horns of gray matter in the spinal cord contain: 1.interneurons 2.cell bodies of motor (efferent) neurons 3.terminal portions of sensory (afferent) axons 4.cell bodies of sensory (afferent) neurons
1 2 and 3
Intervertebral discs: 1.have an outer fibrocartilaginous ring called the anulus fibrosus 2.add strength to the vertebral column 3.are thickest in the cervical and lumbar regions 4.get thicker and tougher as a person ages
1 2 and 3
The left lung is divided by an oblique fissure consists of two lobes shows a large impression caused by the pericardium is shorter than the right
1 2 and 3
The sternal angle is located between the manubrium and body of the sternum locates the T-4/T-5 intervertebral disc marks the beginning of the aortic arch locates the sternal end of the clavicle
1 2 and 3 are correct
Characteristics that distinguish cervical vertebrae from other types include: 1.transverse foramina 2.costal facets 3.most have bifid (forked) spinous processes 4.vertebral notches 1, 2, and 3 are correct
1 and 3
Concerning the vasculature of the spinal cord: 1.the anterior spinal artery supplies the anterior two thirds of the spinal cord 2.the posterior spinal artery is a branch of radicular arteries that arise as branches of the segmental arteries 3.the anterior spinal artery is a branch of the vertebral artery 4.the posterior spinal artery is located in the dorsal (posterior) median sulcus
1 and 3
Coronal sections through the nasal cavity 1.usually pass through the orbit 2.pass through the anterior chamber of the bulbus oculi 3.show three conchae projecting from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity 4.show sphenoid sinuses medial to the orbits of the eyes
1 and 3
Correct statements about the pleural cavities include: they are almost completely filled by the lungs they consist of two large communicating spaces they contain a capillary layer of pleural fluid they occupy the medial parts of the thoracic cavity
1 and 3
Curvatures of the vertebral column: 1.increase strength, resilience, and flexibility to the column 2.include the cervical and sacral curvatures, which are present at birth 3.include the lumbar curvature, which develops after birth 4.include the lumbar curvature, which is called kyphosis
1 and 3
Distinguishing characteristics of thoracic vertebrae include: 1.costal facets for articulation with the ribs 2.vertebral notches in the pedicles 3.long, pointed spinous processes 4.superior and inferior articular processes
1 and 3
The foramen ovale is an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus allows blood to pass from the left atrium to the right atrium to bypass the lungs normally closes after birth to form the fossa ovalis is located in the lateral wall of the adult heart
1 and 3
Which of the following muscles is/are included in the rotator cuff which holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity? supraspinatus deltoid teres minor subclavius
1 and 3
Which of the following structures is/are associated with the ventricular walls of the heart? trabeculae carneae pectinate muscle chordae tendineae fossa ovale
1 and 3
Which of the following structures is/are present in the anterior mediastinum? remnants of the thymus gland thoracic duct lymph nodes phrenic nerve
1 and 3
Concerning the right atrium: it is the most right sided chamber of the heart it receives venous blood from pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulations the posterior portion, where the venae cavae enter, has a smooth wall the interartrial septum forms its lateral wall
1 and 3 are correct
In transverse sections through the basal ganglia of the brain, typical relationships include: 1.the globus pallidus lateral to the internal capsule but medial to the putamen 2.the middle cerebral artery related to the insula in the longitudinal fissure 3.the two lateral ventricles, separated by the septum pellucidum, related to the caudate nucleus 4.the claustrum related to the globus pallidus medially and the putamen laterally
1 and 3 are correct
Structures found within the carotid sheath include: 1.internal jugular vein 2.trigeminal nerve 3.vagus nerve 4.external jugular vein
1 and 3 are correct
The cisterna magna is associated with the 1.foramen of Magendie 2.splenium of corpus callosum 3.medulla oblongata 4.great cerebral vein
1 and 3 are correct
Ligamenta flava: 1.help to maintain the normal curvature of the vertebral column 2.are short bands of yellow elastic fibers 3.connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae 4.join the tips of spinous processes in the thoracic region
1, 2 and 3
Gray matter is found in the 1.claustrum 2.cerebral cortex 3.thalamus 4.globus pallidus
1, 2, 3
The spinal cord: 1.has 31 segments 2.terminates in a triangular region called the conus medullaris 3.has two enlarged regions, the cervical enlargement and the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement 4.has gray matter that surrounds a central region of white matter
1, 2, and 3
The pharynx 1.is divided into three regions called the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx 2.extends from the base of the skull to C-6 3.has openings for the eustachian tubes in the nasal region 4.has lymphoid tissue called adenoids in the oral region
1, 2, and 3 are correct
Anterior longitudinal ligaments: 1.are found only in the cervical region of the cord to strengthen the neck 2.extend downward along the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies from C1 to the sacrum 3.collectively, are called the ligamentum nuchae 4.are stronger than the posterior longitudinal ligaments
2 and 4
Concerning the basal ganglia: 1.the claustrum is separated from the insula by the external capsule 2.the putamen is lateral to the globus pallidus 3.the internal capsule separates the lentiform nucleus from the claustrum 4.the caudate nucleus is closely associated with, but lateral to, the lateral ventricles
2 and 4
Concerning the blood vessels in the neck, which of the following is/are true? 1.the internal jugular vein is typically anterior and lateral to the internal carotid artery 2.at higher levels the external carotid artery is lateral to the internal carotid artery 3.the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery are associated with the vagus nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck 4.at lower levels, near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, the external carotid artery is anterior to the internal carotid artery 1, 2, and 3 are correct
2 and 4
Sections through the third cervical vertebrae, passing through the mandible and muscle of the tongue, will usually show 1.the external carotid posterior to the internal jugular vein 2.the internal jugular vein lateral to the internal carotid artery 3.the external and internal carotid arteries separated by the parotid gland 4.the external jugular vein related to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
2 and 4
Which of the following nerves originate in the brachial plexus? 1.phrenic 2.musculocutaneous 3.intercostal 4.radial
2 and 4
Paranasal sinuses include: 1.mastoid sinuses 2.ethmoid sinuses 3.straight sinuses 4.sphenoid sinuses
2 and 4 are correct
Structures located in the cavernous sinus include: 1.internal jugular vein 2.divisions of cranial nerve V 3.optic nerves 4.internal carotid artery
2 and 4 are correct
Assuming that a drop of cerebrospinal fluid is produced in one of the lateral ventricles, arrange the following structures in the appropriate sequence to return that cerebrospinal fluid to the blood: (1) arachnoid granulations (2) interventricular foramen (3) third ventricle (4) fourth ventricle (5) subarachnoid space (6) foramen of Magendie (7) cerebral aqueduct (8) superior sagittal sinus
2, 3, 7, 4, 6, 5, 1, 8
The descending thoracic aorta descends on the right side of the vertebral column gives rise to the coronary arteries passes through the diaphragm at the level of the tenth thoracic receives blood from the pulmonary artery through the ductus arteriosus in the fetus
4 is the only correct answer
The brachiocephalic artery divides into the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery is longer on the left side than on the right is anterior to the brachiocephalic vein is the first branch from the aortic arch
4 only
In midsagittal sections of the head and neck, 1.the brainstem extends inferiorly from the diencephalon 2.sphenoid sinuses are anterior to the sella turcica 3.the terminal portion of the soft palate marks the division between the nasopharynx and oropharynx 4.the sublingual gland is present inferior to the tongue
All Responses
Concerning the chambers of the heart: the right ventricle is more anterior than the left the left atrium is posterior to the left ventricle the anterior portion of the right atrium has ridges called pectinate muscle the thickest myocardium is in the left ventricle
All responses
Components of the vertebral arch include the: 1.pedicles 2.laminae 3.transverse processes 4.spinous processes
All responses are correct
Concerning the fibrous pericardium: it forms the outer layer of the heart wall it fuses with the central tendon of the diaphragm it extends upward into the superior mediastinum it is anchored to the sternum
All responses are correct
Meninges of the spinal cord: 1.include the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater 2.are separated from the vertebrae by an epidural space 3.extend beyond the end of the spinal cord 4.create a subarachnoid space distal to the end of the spinal cord that is an important region for withdrawing CSF
All responses are correct
The vertebral arteries 1.are branches of the subclavian arteries 2.join to form the basilar artery 3.enter the cerebellomedullary cistern 4.enter the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum
All responses are correct
True statements about the sacrum include: 1.the sacrum articulates with the pelvic girdle 2.transverse processes of sacral vertebrae are fused to form lateral masses 3.the sacral promontory is located on the first sacral segment 4.the sacrum has a curvature that is concave anteriorly
All responses are correct
Which of the following is/are true about spinal nerves? 1.immediately after leaving the vertebral column, each spinal nerve divides into dorsal and ventral rami 2.the dorsal rami supply the skin and muscles of the posterior portion of the body trunk 3.in the thoracic region, the ventral rami form the intercostal nerves 4.the ventral rami of spinal nerves C1 through C4 form the cervical plexus
All responses are correct
In sagittal sections through the thorax, the azygos vein is seen entering the superior vena cava superior to the right pulmonary artery and right bronchus the right bronchus and right pulmonary artery are sectioned perpendicular to their axes the pulmonary trunk is seen after the ascending aorta when sectioning from right to left the right ventricle is to the left of the right atrium
All responses are correct.
The dens, or odontoid process, is located on:
C2
The vertebral curvatures that are convex anteriorly are the:
Cervical and lumbar
Which chamber of the heart is the one that has the closest relationship to the wall of the esophagus?
LEFT ATRIUM
The sternal angle exists at the articulation between the
Manubrium and body of sternum
The most inferior of the paranasal sinuses is the
Maxillary sinuses
True statements about cervical vertebrae include: 1.C1 is called the axis 2.there are eight cervical vertebrae 3.all cervical vertebrae have bifid spinous processes 4.the dens, or odontoid process, is located on C2
Only 4
The major supporting ligaments of the vertebral column are the:
anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
ch of the following statements concerning the vertebral artery is correct except that it
ascends through the foramina transversaria of C-8 to C-3 vertebrae
Costal facets for articulation with the heads of ribs are located on vertebral:
bodies
A part of which of the following bones forms the base or inferior border of the posterior triangle of the neck?
clavicle
Which of the following does not form a delineation of the anterior triangle of the neck?
clavicle
Which one of the following associations is not correct?
common carotid artery - interpeduncular cistern
Most of the blood in the coronary arteries returns to the chambers of the heart via the
coronary sinus
Which one of the following associations is incorrect?
deltoid - rotator cuff muscle
Which of the following vessels does not contribute to the vascular supply to the brain?
external carotid
All of the following statements about the left lung are true except that
has a greater volume than the right lung
The floor of the third ventricle is formed by the
hypothalamus
Which of the following is not a correct relationship of the esophagus?
in the upper regions of the posterior mediastinum, the esophagus is to the left of the aorta
The sinus that occupies the inferior free margin of the falx cerebri is the
inferior sagittal sinus
Which of the following is not related to the cerebellum?
internal capsule
The subclavian vein joins the __ vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.
internal jugular
Each of the following statements about the superior thoracic aperture is correct except:
it is also known as the thoracic outlet
Correct statements about the left atrioventricular valve include each of the following except:
it is guarded by three more or less triangular cusps
The portion of the heart with the thickest walls is the
left ventricle
The falx cerebri is located in the
longitudinal fissure
The corpora quadrigemina are located in the
midbrain
White matter is found in the 1.claustrum 2.cerebral cortex 3.putamen 4.internal capsule
only 4
Which of the following terms relating to the heart wall is incorrectly paired
outermost layer - heart muscle
The salivary gland most closely associated with the masseter muscle is the
parotid
The component of the vertebral arch that connects the centrum to the transverse process is called the:
pedicle
which of the following is not associated with the oropharynx?
pharyngeal tonsil
The layer of meninges in direct contact with the cerebral cortex is the
pia mater
Which of the following represents an incorrect relationship about features of the heart?
right border - right ventricle
The narrow aperture between the true vocal folds is the
rima glottidis
tervertebral foramina are formed by the:
superior and inferior vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrae
Blood from the head, neck, and superior limb is carried to the heart by the
superior vena cava
The middle cranial fossa contains the
temporal lobe
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the lobes of the brain?
the central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the orbital cavity?
the lacrimal gland is found in the lateral wall of the orbital cavity
Which one of the following is not correct about transverse sections through the base of the heart?
the outflow orifice of the pulmonary trunk is guarded by the mitral valve
Which one of the following is not correct about transverse sections through the pulmonary trunk?
the pulmonary trunk is to the right of the ascending aorta
Which of the following is not correct about coronal sections through the right atrium?
the pulmonary trunk, as it ascends from the right ventricle, is to the right of the ascending aorta and aortic arch
The mediastinum contains all of the following except:
the secondary bronchi
All of the following are characteristics of the atria of the heart except:
the tricuspid valve is located in its superior wall
e cerebral aqueduct links the
third and fourth ventricles
Transverse sections through the sternal angle
typically show the ascending aorta to the left of the superior vena cava
Which of the following arteries does not directly flow into and/or from the circulus arteriosus cerebri (Circle of Willis)?
vertebral arteries
In the living subject, the heart is situated
with the long axis directed to the left and downward
