Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology 11th ed Chapter 12

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72. Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the

sacral plexus.

122. The largest peripheral nerve in the body is the ______ nerve.

sciatic

76. When a person sits on a hard surface for a period of time, his foot or leg may "go to sleep." This sensation is the result of compressing the _____ nerve.

sciatic

33. The knee-jerk reflex involves which of the following?

sensory and motor neurons

Match the term with the correct definition: epidural space

separates dura mater from periosteum

Match the disorder with its description: meningitis

stiffness in the neck and headache

39. Stimulation of the Golgi tendon organs result in which of the following changes in the reflex arc?

stimulation of an inhibitory neuron and decreased action potentials in alpha motor neurons

69. When someone taps you on your shoulder, they stimulate the ____ nerve.

axillary

Match the term with the most appropriate description: a reflex that helps prevent falls

crossed extensor reflex

Cutaneous sensory distribution of a spinal nerve can be mapped as a ________.

dermatome

56. The cutaneous sensory distribution of a spinal nerve can be mapped as a

dermatome.

62. Damage to the phrenic nerve would result in

difficulty breathing.

59. The branch of a spinal nerve that innervates deep muscles on the dorsal thorax is the

dorsal ramus.

15. The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as

dorsal root.

6. The thickest of the meninges is the

dura mater.

32. Muscles and glands that are capable of producing a response when stimulated by motor neurons are called

effectors.

51. There are ________ cervical spinal nerves.

eight

9. What space, found between the vertebral wall and the dura mater, is the area for injecting anesthesia for childbirth?

epidural space

120. In the PNS, nerves are held together by

epineurium

123. Branches of the pudendal nerve are anesthetized during childbirth before the doctor performs a(an) _______________.

episiotomy

42. Initiating the withdrawal reflex in both legs at the same time would cause one to

fall.

78. If a person fell down the steps and then developed pain down his anterior thigh into the knee, which of the following spinal nerves was probably damaged?

femoral

11. What structure anchors the thecal sac and conus medullaris to the coccyx?

filum terminale

3. The spinal cord begins at the

foramen magnum.

Match the term with the correct definition: reflex arc

functional unit of the nervous system

Match the term with the most appropriate description: the knee-jerk

stretch reflex

22. Structurally, the simplest reflex is the

stretch reflex.

10. During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?

subarachnoid space

12. Where is cerebrospinal fluid found around the spinal cord?

subarachnoid space

45. The endoneurium

surrounds individual axons and their Schwann cells.

1. There are _____ enlargements of the spinal cord where nerves supplying the extremities enter and leave.

two

66. When a person hits their funny bone, they cause temporary damage to the _____ nerve.

ulnar

60. Intercostal nerves are formed from the

ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves.

16. The motor root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as the

ventral root.

35. The muscles of the back contract to straighten so that you sit at a more erect posture and subsequently the muscles are suddenly stretched as you nod off. Which of the following best represents the sequence of events when you start to nod off?

-muscles of the back are stretched -the muscle spindle is stretched -action potentials in sensory neurons of the muscle spindles increase -action potentials in alpha motor neurons of skeletal muscle fibers increase -skeletal muscle of the back contract

27. Place the following parts of a reflex arc in the correct order beginning with the sensory receptor.

-sensory receptor -sensory neuron -interneuron -motor neuron -effector

5. The spinal cord ends at the

2nd lumbar vertebrae.

49. Which of the following combinations indicates the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs?

8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal

motor neuron

80. Label component "A" on the reflex arc.

sensory neuron

81. Label component "B" on the reflex arc.

interneuron

82. Label component "C" on the reflex arc.

sensory receptor

83. Label component "D" on the reflex arc.

effector organ

84. Label component "E" on the reflex arc.

cervical enlargement

85. What does "A" represent?

spinal nerves

86. What does "B" represent?

conus medullaris

87. What does "C" represent?

cauda equina

88. What does "D" represent?

filium terminale

89. What does "E" represent?

dorsal root

90. What does "A" represent?

dorsal root ganglion

91. What does "B" represent?

spinal nerve

92. What does "C" represent?

ventral root

93. What does "D" represent?

central canal

94. What does "E" represent?

26. Reflexes function in

A. removing the body from painful stimuli. B. keeping the body from falling. C. maintaining blood pressure. D. maintaining blood CO2 levels. E. All of these choices are correct.

50. A collapsed intervertebral foramen could affect all of the following spinal nerves EXCEPT

C1

38. Sam is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them. Which reflex forced this action by Sam to prevent tendon damage?

Golgi tendon reflex

Match the term with the most appropriate description: partially responsible for a weight lifter suddenly dropping a weight that is too heavy

Golgi tendon reflex

37. The reflex that prevents excessive tension in a muscle is the

Golgi tendon reflex.

21. What is found the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord?

The cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.

20. What is found in the dorsal root ganglion?

The cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons.

19. What structure makes the dorsal root different from the ventral root?

The dorsal root has a ganglion.

13. Which of the following is false?

The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons.

48. Which of the following statements concerning the structure of spinal nerves is true?

The ventral root contains motor or efferent fibers.

29. Stretch reflexes

aid in maintaining proper posture.

30. Which of the following events in a stretch reflex occurs last?

alpha motor neurons transmit action potentials to muscle causing contraction

8. The middle, thin, spider-like meninx is the

arachnoid mater.

23. Reflex arcs

are capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response.

25. Reflexes

are homeostatic.

31. Muscle spindles

are innervated by gamma motor neurons.

63. Spinal nerves C5-T1 make up the ____________ plexus.

brachial

Match the nerve with the appropriate description: tibial nerve

branches to form the medial and lateral plantar nerves

47. The perineurium

bundles axons into fascicles.

46. The epineurium

bundles fascicles into nerves.

55. Dermatomal maps are important clinically because they

can be used to help locate nerve damage.

18. In the spinal cord, white matter is organized into

columns and the gray matter into horns.

Match the disorder with its description: neuritis

inflammation of a nerve

Match the nerve to the correct function: median nerve

innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb

Match the nerve with the appropriate description: coccygeal plexus

innervates muscles of the pelvic floor

Match the nerve with the appropriate description: common fibular nerve

innervates the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg

Match the nerve to the correct function: axillary nerve

innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles

Match the nerve with the appropriate description: femoral nerve

innervates the iliopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris

Match the nerve with the appropriate description: obturator nerve

innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh

Match the nerve to the correct function: radial nerve

innervates the triceps brachii

Match the nerve to the correct function: ulnar nerve

innervates two forearm muscles plus most of the intrinsic hand muscles

24. Which portion of a reflex arc is most likely to be located entirely within the central nervous system?

interneuron

4. The conus medullaris

is a tapered, cone like region immediately inferior to the lumbar enlargement.

43. Because the stretch reflexes can be traced back along certain spinal nerve routes,

it is possible to determine what level of the spinal cord may have been damaged.

2. The spinal cord

links the peripheral nervous system to the brain.

Match the disorder with its description: anesthesia

loss of sensation

52. A man was in an accident and severed his spinal cord between C6 and C7. Which of the following would NOT occur?

loss of use of the phrenic nerves and paralysis of the diaphragm

70. If you pinch your index finger in a door, pain sensations are carried via the ____ nerve.

median

67. An injury to the wrist that results in edema in the carpal tunnel would compress the

median nerve.

Match the term with the correct definition: dura mater

most superficial and thickest meninx

58. If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, the regions innervated by that spinal nerve would experience complete loss of

movement.

28. The sensory receptor of the stretch reflex is the

muscle spindle.

54. The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following?

muscles of the arm and forearm

64. Which of the following nerves is part of the brachial plexus?

musculocutaneous

68. Using the biceps brachii to flex the forearm requires innervation of the _____ nerve.

musculocutaneous

71. Which of the following nerves is associated with the lumbosacral plexus?

obturator

77. Adduction of the thigh involves the

obturator nerve.

14. The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains

only motor fibers.

17. The cross-sectional view of the spinal cord reveals white matter on the

outside, gray matter on the inside, and a ventral motor root.

Match the disorder with its description: neuralgia

pain along a nerve tract

Match the disorder with its description: sciatica

pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg

61. Which of the following nerves is a branch of both the cervical plexus and the brachial plexus?

phrenic

53. Damage to which of these nerves would be most life-threatening?

phrenic nerves

57. Ventral rami of some spinal nerves join with each other to form a

plexus.

44. The adaptive significance of the crossed extensor reflex when a person steps on a tack is to

prevent the person from falling down.

Match the nerve to the correct function: musculocutaneous nerve

provides motor innervation to the biceps brachii

79. Branches of the ____ nerve are anesthetized before a doctor performs an episiotomy for childbirth.

pudendal

65. Improper use of crutches could cause compression of the _____ nerve.

radial

Match the term with the most appropriate description: associated with withdrawal and stretch reflex

reciprocal innervation

124. The __________ __________ is the basic functional unit of the nervous system and is capable of receiving a stimulus and producing a response.

reflex arc

34. Gamma motor neurons

regulate the sensitivity of the muscle spindle.

41. Reciprocal innervation

reinforces the withdrawal reflex.

36. Doctor Johansson wants to test a patient's reflexes by briskly striking the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer. Which reflex is Dr. Johansson testing?

the knee-jerk reflex.

Match the term with the correct definition: pia mater

the meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord

Match the term with the correct definition: arachnoid mater

the middle meninx

7. The sac surrounding the spinal cord is the

thecal sac.

74. Which nerve is involved when a dancer points his/her toes?

tibial

75. The gastrocnemius muscle is most likely to be innervated by the _____ nerve.

tibial

73. The sciatic nerve is composed of the

tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve.

40. A reflex that protects limbs by removing them from painful stimuli is the

withdrawal reflex

Match the term with the most appropriate description: removing hand from a hot iron

withdrawal reflex


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