Seeley's anatomy and physiology chapter 4 (main categories)

function of connective tissue

Enclosing and separating other tissues, Connecting tissues to one another, Supporting and moving parts of the body, Storing compounds, Cushioning and insulating, Transporting, Protecting.

what are the three groups cells are classified in according to their ability to regenerate

Liblie, stable, permanent

major functions of epithelial tissue are

Protecting underlying structures, Acting as a barrier, Permitting the passage of substances, Secreting substances, Absorbing substances.

There are three major types of epithelium based on the number of cell layers in each:

Simple epithelium, Stratified epithelium, Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Types of Multicellular exocrine glands according to structure

Simple glands, Compound glands, tubular, acinar or alveolar

three types of epithelium based on idealized shapes of the epithelial cells:

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

What are the three thing that Cell Connections do?

These structures do three things: (1) mechanically bind the cells together, (2) help form a permeability barrier, and (3) provide a mechanism for intercellular communication. BBC

extracellular matrix of connective tissue has three major components

(1) protein fibers, (2) ground substance, and (3) fluid.

Cells of connective tissues

Adipocytes (fat), mast cells (plays a role in inflammation), white blood celss, macrophages (eats foreign and injured cells), Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell

proper loose connective tissue consists of

Areolar, Adipose tissue, Reticular tissue

neuron is composed of three major parts:

a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Chromosomes begin migrating towards the poles if the cell during the

anaphase

Two major categories of connective tissue

are embryonic and adult. Embryonic connective tissue is called mesenchyme.

what are the 4 types of glial cells found in the central nervous system

astrocytes, ependymal cell, microglia, oligodendrocyte

characteristics of connective tissues

bind other tissues and organs together, create new cells from tissues, involved in delivering the nutrients to tissue, separate tissues from each other.

What are the 2 types of fluid connective tissue

blood and hemopoietic tissue

what characteristic does the oligodendrocytes and schwann cells have in common

both provide myelination

which part of the neuron receives and process information

cell body

Three types of Extracellular Matrix protein fibers

collagen, reticular, and elastic

Adult connective tissue consists of three types:

connective tissue proper (loose and dense), supporting connective tissue (cartilage and bone), and fluid connective tissue (blood).

roles of connective tissue

cushioning, insulating

what is division of the cytoplasm called

cytokinesis

What are the 4 Cell connections

desmosomes, Hedmidesmosomes, tight junctions, gap junction

Dense regular elastic connective tissue

elastic tissue that forms vocal cords

four primary tissue types,

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

parts of the body that coincide with ectoderm

epithelial, nervous tissues, outer portion of the skin, peripheral nerves

types of glands

excorine, endocrine

perimysium covers what

fascicle

granulation tissue consists of

fibroblasts, collagen, capillaries

Reticular

fibroblasts, fibrocytes and reticular fibers, provides internal framework for the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, found in bone marrow

Elastic cartilage

found in areas where ridged but elastic properties are needed, in ear, larynx

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

found in the deep layers of the skin and the white of the eye.

Dense irregular elastic connective tissue

found in the walls of the arteries.

tissue repair

fresh wound, clot forms, scab appears and epithellium grow into the wound, fibroblasts have formed granulation tissue, scab is sloughed off, granulation tissue is replaced by new connective tissue

Areolar

functions as packing material or mesh-work providing an internal framework or an external wrapping around organs or as layers, basement membrane of epithelia, found in tissues that hold muscles together, forms serous membrane in lungs

The two major components of the Ground Substance of the Matrix are

hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans.

where are chondricytes and osteocytes located

in the lacuna

where are chondrocytes and osteocytes located

in the lacuna

the time between cell division is called

interphase

DNA replication occurs in what phase?

interphase in S phase

Mitotic spindle fibers attach to chromosomes via special structures termed

kinetochores

parts of the body that coincide with endoderm

lining of the digestive tract

what are the changes in extracellular materials and tissues in older adults

loss of elasticity, loss of flexibility of connective tissues, collagen fibers

types of exocrine according to products.

merocrine, Apocrine, Holocrine

In which part of the cell cycle do the chromosomes align

metaphase

Fibrocartilage

more collagenous fibers than chondrocytes, found in areas where more stress is placed on cartilage, found in knee, jaw, and between the vertebrae.

Hyaline

most common, found in the rib cage and within the trachea and bronchi, apex of the nose, long bone joints, the cells that are in it are called chondrocytes

What are the three major categories of internal membranes

mucous, serous, and synovial membranes. Mucous Membranes

types of excorine glands according to cells

multicellular, unicellular glands

what are the Neurons structures

multipolar, bipolar, Pseudo-unipolar neurons

parts of the body that coincide with mesoderm

muscle, bone, connective, mesenchymal tissue, blood

nervous tissue is composed of 2 types of cells

neurons and glial cells

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

parallel fibers, bind bone to muscle (tendons) or bone to bone (ligaments)

what are the 2 tissue repairing process called

primary union, secondary union

mitosis 4 sub-phases in the correct order

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (divison of the nucleolus)

What are the Inflammation five major manifestations:

redness, heat, swelling, pain, and disturbed function or hemorrhage

Proper Dense Connective Tissue can be subdivided into two major groups:

regular and irregular.

2 types of glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system

schwann and satellite cell

What are the three types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs

smooth muscle

What are the 2 types of bone

spongy bone and compact bone

cktokinesis is complete at the end of which phase

telophase

cytokinesis

the division of the cytoplasm and organelles

three embryonic germ layers

the endoderm , the mesoderm, and the ectoderm

Adipose

unusual because highly cellular, comes from adipocytes (fat cells), stores energy, foun immediately deep to the skin

what are the proper dense irregular connective tissues?

Dense irregular elastic connective tissue , Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

what are the proper dense regular connective tissues?

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue, Dense regular elastic connective tissue

interphase 3 sub-phases

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase (cell grows and prepares to divide)

What are the three types of cartilage:

Hyaline, , Fibrocartilage, Elastic cartilage

what is the function of nervous tissue

Monitor internal and external environment, process information, initiate commands

Epithelial characteristics

Mostly composed of cells, Covers body surfaces, Distinct cell surfaces, Cell and matrix connections, Nonvascular, Capable of regeneration. DNR @ CSM