Self-assessments and dental quiz (unit 1)

A 2 year old should have a time out that lasts 2 minutes and a 3 year old should have a time out that lasts ____ minutes.

3

What guidance would you provide the mother of your 20 month old patient who expresses concern about her child developing fluorosis? The family lives in a town that adds fluoride to the water supply, and the child has already had 2 cavities. A. Tell the mother to use only a small smear of fluoridated toothpaste when brushing the child's teeth. B. Tell the mother to use a non-fluoridated toothpaste. C. Brush the child's teeth every other day. D. Only give bottled drinking water to the child.

A. Tell the mother to use only a small smear of fluoridated toothpaste when brushing the child's teeth.

While performing an exam on one of your young patients, you observe following (see photograph). Describe what you see: A. The teeth are normal and have no white spots or tooth decay. B. The gingiva are pathologically pigmented. C. The tooth's enamel is thin, so fluoride varnish must be applied to strengthen the enamel. D. The color of the tooth indicates that the child is at risk for developing fluorosis

A. The teeth are normal and have no white spots or tooth decay.

The mother of a 9 month old patient asks what causes early childhood caries (ECC). Which of the following is the most accurate reply? A. The majority of ECC results from thin or "weak" tooth enamel inherited from the parents. B. Bacteria in the child's mouth break down dietary sugars into acids which wear away the tooth enamel. C. A lack of protective saliva is the most common cause of ECC. D. A calcium deficiency during the time teeth are formed produces teeth that lack a sufficiently thick covering of enamel.

B. Bacteria in the child's mouth break down dietary sugars into acids which wear away the tooth enamel.

While performing an exam on one of your young patients, you observe the teeth indicated by the yellow arrows (see photograph). Describe the tooth's condition. A. The teeth are normal and have no visible decay. B. The brown areas represent caries where loss of overlying enamel has exposed underlying dentin. C. The brown areas indicate that the child has chipped his teeth. D. The brown color indicates that the child has developed fluorosis.

B. The brown areas represent caries where loss of overlying enamel has exposed underlying dentin.

Which of the following is a benefit of fluoride varnish? A. Fluoride varnish permanently seals the pits and fissures of teeth. B. Fluoride varnish decreases the need for routine dental care. C. Fluoride varnish can reverse early decay (i.e., the "white spots") and slow enamel destruction D. Fluoride varnish replaces the need to take systemic fluoride supplements.

C. Fluoride varnish can reverse early decay (i.e., the "white spots") and slow enamel destruction

When applying fluoride varnish to an infant, what is the gauze used for? A. The gauze is the vehicle used to apply the flourish varnish to the teeth. B. The gauze is used to hold the tongue out of the way. C. The gauze is used to dry the child's teeth and to remove gross plaque. D. The gauze is shown to the child to stimulate her to open her mouth.

C. The gauze is used to dry the child's teeth and to remove gross plaque.

Which children under the age of 5 should receive fluoride varnish in the medical office? A. All children at high risk for caries B. High risk children without a dental home C. Low risk children D. All children

D. All children

What guidance do you give the grandmother of a child who has just had fluoride varnish applied to his teeth? A. The child's teeth will be discolored for about a week. B. Do not brush the child's teeth for at least 48 hours. C. Brush the child's teeth in about one hour. D. Avoid giving the child hot, sticky, or hard foods for at least 6 hours after varnish application.

D. Avoid giving the child hot, sticky, or hard foods for at least 6 hours after varnish application.

Which of the following factors places a child at the most risk for developing early childhood caries? A. Having a diagnosis of severe asthma. B. Living with family members who smoke tobacco or drink excessive amounts of alcohol. C. Breast feeding for longer than six months. D. Having plaque on the teeth.

D. Having plaque on the teeth.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for topical fluoride? A. It inhibits demineralization of the teeth. B. It promotes remineralization of the teeth. C. It inhibits bacterial metabolism. D. It promotes the release of saliva.

D. It promotes the release of saliva.

The school nurse is planning a screening program. What items should be included to address issues related to the "new morbidity"? a) Academic difficulties, violence, and other mental health issues b) The number of children with chronic illness at the school c) Statistics related to health insurance coverage of the children d) HIV infection, asthma, and respiratory allergy testing

a) Academic difficulties, violence, and other mental health issues

A nurse is conducting a comprehensive pediatric history of Rosie, an 8-year-old girl. Which of the following would the nurse most likely include? Select all that apply. a) Age, name, and date of birth b) Developmental milestones c) Number of playmates d) Allergies to food or medications e) Foods she likes to eat

a) Age, name, and date of birth b) Developmental milestones d) Allergies to food or medications e) Foods she likes to eat

The nurse is preparing to conduct a physical examination on an adolescent. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do? Select all that apply. a) Allow the adolescent to undress in private. b) Maintain silence throughout the exam. c) Question the adolescent about any sexual changes. d) Have the parent be nearby during the exam. e) Tell the adolescent to keep still for the exam.

a) Allow the adolescent to undress in private. c) Question the adolescent about any sexual changes.

The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child who is displaying signs of separation anxiety when the parents need to leave for meals and showers. Which of the following nursing interventions will be the most helpful for this patient? a) Ask the family to bring in photos and cards from friends at school. b) Ask the parents not to leave the room. c) Tell the patient to be a big kid and not get upset when the parent leaves. d) Tell the patient that the parent will return after the cartoon is over.

a) Ask the family to bring in photos and cards from friends at school.

Question 3 1 / 1 pts After teaching a group of parents about ensuring safety for their children, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the parents identify which of the following as appropriate? Select all that apply. a) Avoid honey in children < 1 year old b) Using a backward-facing car seat c) Applying sunscreen before the child goes out to play d) Offering healthy snacks including raw carrots to toddlers e) Making sure all pan handles are turned to the back of the stove

a) Avoid honey in children < 1 year old b) Using a backward-facing car seat c) Applying sunscreen before the child goes out to play e) Making sure all pan handles are turned to the back of the stove

The nurse is examining a child's skin for lesions and rashes. When documenting the findings, which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply. a) Color b) Location c) Size d) Distribution e) Jaundice

a) Color b) Location c) Size d) Distribution

A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old at a well-child visit. Which of the following assessments would the nurse document as a normal finding? Select all that apply. a) Drooling noted b) Posterior fontanel closed c) Babbling speech d) Sitting e) Grasps rattle

a) Drooling noted b) Posterior fontanel closed

The nurse is teaching a group of students about the possible effects of immigration on the health status of children. Which response by the group would indicate the need for additional teaching? a) The children of immigrants have better access to preventive care. b) The children of immigrants have limited involvement in activities due to the language barrier c) The children of immigrants lack adequate support systems. d) The children of immigrants face increased stressors due to relocation.

a) The children of immigrants have better access to preventive care.

The father of a 2-month-old girl is expressing concern that his infant may be getting spoiled. The nurse's best response is: a) "She just needs love and attention. Don't worry; she's too young to spoil." b) "Consistently meeting the infant's needs helps promote a sense of trust." c) "Infants need to be fed and cleaned; if you're sure those needs are met, just let her cry." d) "Consistency in meeting needs is important, but you're right, holding her too much will spoil her."

b) "Consistently meeting the infant's needs helps promote a sense of trust."

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old in the hospital, and the mother expresses concern that the toddler will be scared. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? a) "Don't worry; we practice family-centered and atraumatic care here." b) "We will do our best to minimize the stress that your child experiences." c) "It will probably be upsetting for you as well, so you should stay home." d) "Our practice of atraumatic care will eliminate all pain and stress for your child."

b) "We will do our best to minimize the stress that your child experiences."

When working with children and families, which is a critical strategy for promoting therapeutic communication? a) Detailed explanations b) Attentive listening c) Comforting touch d) Closed-ended questions

b) Attentive listening

A 9-month-old infant's mother is questioning why cow's milk is not recommended in the first year of life as it is much cheaper than formula. What rationale does the nurse include in her response? a) It is permissible to substitute cow's milk for formula at this age as he is so close to 1 year old. b) Cow's milk is poor in iron and does not provide the proper balance of nutrients for the infant. c) As long as the mother provides whole milk, rather than skim, she can start cow's milk in infancy. d) If the mother cannot afford the infant formula, she should dilute it to make it last longer.

b) Cow's milk is poor in iron and does not provide the proper balance of nutrients for the infant.

When planning education for a child and parents, what is the first step the nurse should take? a) Decide which procedures and medications the child will be discharged on. b) Determine the child's and family's learning needs and styles. c) Ask the family if they have ever performed this type of procedure. d) Tell the child and family what the goals of the teaching session are.

b) Determine the child's and family's learning needs and styles.

A nurse is preparing to examine the ear of a 2-year-old. The nurse would pull the pinna in which direction? a) Up b) Down and back c) Up and back d) Forward

b) Down and back

A nurse is assessing the heart sounds of a 4-year-old child and notes a murmur. Which of the following characteristics would the nurse interpret as indicating an innocent heart murmur? Select all that apply. a) Harsh sound b) Short duration c) Occurring during systole d) Radiating e) Medium pitch

b) Short duration c) Occurring during systole e) Medium pitch

Question 4 1 / 1 pts The parents of an 11-year-old ask the nurse for suggestions about activities that they can encourage to help their child to be physically fit. Which of the following would be an appropriate suggestion? Select all that apply. a) Competitive weight lifting b) Strength training c) Team sport d) Biking e) Brisk walking

b) Strength training c) Team sport d) Biking e) Brisk walking

When caring for children, how does the nurse best incorporate the concept of family-centered care? a) Encourages the family to allow the physician to make health care decisions for the child b) Uses the concepts of respect, family strengths, diversity, and collaboration with the family c) Advises the family to choose a pediatric provider who is on the child's health care plan d) Recognizes that families undergoing stress related to the child's illness cannot make good decisions

b) Uses the concepts of respect, family strengths, diversity, and collaboration with the family

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the mother of a 6-month-old infant. What is the best instruction by the nurse in relation to the infant's oral health? a) "Start brushing her teeth after all the baby teeth come in." b) "Use a washcloth with toothpaste to clean her mouth." c) "Clean your baby's gums, then new teeth, with a washcloth." d) "Rinse your baby's mouth with water after every feeding."

c) "Clean your baby's gums, then new teeth, with a washcloth."

In an effort to control healthcare costs, what is the best recommendation by the nurse? a) "Shop around to find the most inexpensive health insurance plan." b) "Find a job that provides family health insurance at a minimal cost." c) "Stress primary prevention, using the healthcare system for check-ups." d) "Avoid seeing a physician until your child becomes ill."

c) "Stress primary prevention, using the healthcare system for check-ups."

A single mother asks the nurse for suggestions on disciplining her 2-year-old son. Which suggestion would be most appropriate? a) Encourage the mother to emphasize the inappropriate behavior b) Wait an hour or so before enforcing the discipline c) Have the child spend 2 minutes in time-out. d) Withhold a privilege from the toddler for a week.

c) Have the child spend 2 minutes in time-out.

The nurse is developing a community outreach program to help reduce childhood mortality. What topic below would be essential to include? a) Human immunodeficiency virus b) Congenital anomalies c) Motor vehicle accidents d) Low birth weight

c) Motor vehicle accidents

Parents of an 8-month-old girl express concern that she cries when left with the babysitter. How does the nurse best explain this behavior? a) Crying when left with the sitter may indicate difficulty with building trust. b) Stranger anxiety should not occur until toddlerhood; this concern should be investigated. c) Separation anxiety is normal at this age; the infant recognizes parents as separate beings. d) Perhaps the sitter doesn't meet the infant's needs; you may want to consider choosing a different sitter.

c) Separation anxiety is normal at this age; the infant recognizes parents as separate beings.

Question 2 1 / 1 pts A nurse is assessing a 15-month-old and his abilities. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess? Select all that apply. a) Hop b) Mostly understandable speech c) Uses index finger to point d) Copies a circle e) Feeds self

c) Uses index finger to point e) Feeds self

Question 5 1 / 1 pts A 14-year-old boy and his mother are in the office for an annual visit and his mother jokes openly in front of the nurse about the changes in his voice and the hair under his armpits. While he is changing in another room, the nurse addresses the mother's statement. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate when talking with the mother? a) "Has he gone through the big change, smelly armpits and hair all over his body?" b) "I remember that time in my life; it was so awkward and uncomfortable." c) "Discuss with Evan your trials with puberty and the changes you experienced." d) "Remember that he may be modest and self-conscious and become embarrassed with the teasing."

d) "Remember that he may be modest and self-conscious and become embarrassed with the teasing."

The nurse is assessing the vital signs of a child who is being evaluated in an urgent care center. The child is to be seen by the PNP. The mother asks, "Why is my child seeing the PNP and not the doctor?" What is the best response by the nurse? a) "The PNP functions similar to the physician's assistant, so you should be perfectly at ease." b) "The child may be seen by the physician instead if you'd like." c) "Seeing the PNP is just one more step in having your child evaluated in this setting." d) "The PNP is an experienced RN with advanced education in the diagnosis and treatment of children."

d) "The PNP is an experienced RN with advanced education in the diagnosis and treatment of children."

The mother of a 3-month-old boy asks the nurse about starting solid foods. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a) "It's okay to start puréed solids at this age if fed via the bottle." b) "Infants don't require solid food until 12 months of age." c) "Solid foods should be delayed until age 6 months, when the infant can handle a spoon on his own." d) "The tongue extrusion reflex disappears at age 4 to 6 months, making it a good time to start solid foods."

d) "The tongue extrusion reflex disappears at age 4 to 6 months, making it a good time to start solid foods."

When providing atraumatic care to a child, which action would be the most appropriate? a) Applying restraints for any procedure that would be uncomfortable b) Keeping the lights on in the child's room throughout the day and night c) Limiting the use of topical anesthetics for painful injections d) Allowing parents and children an informed choice about being together

d) Allowing parents and children an informed choice about being together

The nurse is assessing a 9-month-old's respirations. The nurse would assess this while the infant is doing which of the following? a) Playing in the playroom b) Crying c) Laughing d) Quiet in his mother's lap

d) Quiet in his mother's lap

When caring for an adolescent, in which case must the nurse share information with the parents no matter which state the care is provided in? a) Pregnancy counseling b) Depression c) Contraception d) Tuberculosis

d) Tuberculosis

Improvement of pain management and shortened recovery times are benefits of ____________________.

family-centered care

Family-centered care leads to better _____________ as well as a higher level of consumer satisfaction.

outcomes

Family-centered care refers to caregivers working in _____________ with the family to determine goals and plans for the child's health care.

partnership

Atraumatic care employs interventions that minimize physical and _______________ stress to the child and family.

psychological

Evidence-based practice can increase _______________ and standardize care.

quality