Semester Exam review #2

A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. SHe notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and a cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell?

A eukaryotic plant cell

In an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given instead of blood.

Have serious perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst.

Water has much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?

Organisms sensitive to change in temperature would die

What is the advantage of cells being so small?

The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.

Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline , but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?

The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together.

A beaker is divided into two halves, A & B by a membrane that is freely permeable to the water and salt but not to protein. Side a is half-filled with a solution of 8% protein, while side B is half filled with a 2% protein solution. Predict what would happen to side A after a few hours.

The number of water molecules has increased

When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is MOST LIKELY used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells?

active transport

In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?

cell wall

Which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles? 1. bacteria 2. viruses 3. eukaryotic 4. prokaryotic

eukaryotic

The rough endoplasmic recticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?

increases the surface area in order to produce more proteins.

What is the name of the macromolecule that makes up of the majority of the cell membrane?

lipids

Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell?

moving substances against a concentration gradient

A lab technician needs to determine whether calls in a test tube or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use stain the cells. The dye stains the cell nuclei, stains cell cytoplasm, stains lipids, stains DNA and RNA. Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

stains the nuclei

If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?

the cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm.