Sensation-Vision and Eye- AP Psychology Test
Light is reflected off objects and gathered by the...
Eye
if you stare at green, the afterimage will be
red
people with dichromatic color blindness have difficulty seeing shades of
red and green, or yellow and blue
individuals with dichromatic color blindness cannot see either
red/green shades or blue/yellow shades
opponent-process theory that states that the sensory receptors arranged in the retina come in pairs of
red/green,yellow/blue,black/white
like a screen on the back of your eye
retina
on this screen are specialized neurons that are activated by the different wavelengths of light
retina
the focused inverted image projects on the
retina
the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the process of visual information
retina
cells that respond to black and white
rods
distributed throughout the retina
rods
retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; nesscary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones dont respond
rods
these cells are arranged in a pattern on the retina
rods
what outnumbers cones?
rods
your peripheral vision relies on
rods
the spot where the optic nerve leaves the retina has no __ or __, and is reffered to as the ____
rods, cones, blind spot
if enough rods and cones fire in an area of the retina they activate
the next layer of bipolar cells
what function does the retina serve?
the retina contains the visual receptor cells
conversion of one form of energy into another
transduction
in sensation, the transofrming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret
transduction
occurs when light activates the neurons in the retina
transduction
this term applies not only to vision but to all our senses
transduction
theory about how and why we see color
trichromatic theory
the trichromatic theory of vision states that we
use our cones in different combinations
has feature detectors for vertical lines, curves, motion, and many other features of image
visual cortex
distance from peak of one light to peak of next
wavelength
vary from short blips of cosmic rays to long pulses of radio transmission
wavelength
sends impulses to a specific region in the thalamus called the
LGN
This factor determines how bright an object appears
Light intensity
The color we see depends on two factors, what are they?
Light intensity and light wavelength
This factor determines the particular hue we see
Light wavelength
Wavelengths shorter than visible light include
Ultraviolet waves and x rays
What is the dominant sense in human beings?
Vision
the process by which the eyes lens change shape to focus near of far objects on the retina
accommodation
The trichromatic theory cannot explain
afterimages and color blindness
what is the principle difference between amp and frequency in the context of sound waves
amplitude is the height of a sound wave, while frequency is the measure of how frequently the sound wave passes a given point
your peripheral visions is mostly in
black and white
if you stare at yellow, the afterimage will be
blue
the visual cortex of the brain receives impulses from the
cells of the retina
if you stare at one color for a while and then look at a white or blank space, you will see a
color afterimage
We see different wavelengths within the visible light spectrum as different
colors
concentrated towards center of retina
cones
detect fine details and give rise to color sensations
cones
retinal receptor cells that are concentratded near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or well-lit conditions.
cones
the first layers of cells is directed activated by light, these cells are
cones
three different types of cones in retina
cones that detect the different colors of blue red and green
if you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you not use
convergence
reflected light first enters the eye through the
cornea
as light passes through the lens the image is
flipped upside down and inverted
contains highest concentration of cones
fovea
if you focus on something, you are focusing light onto your
fovea
indentation at very center of retina
fovea
the central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster
fovea
if enough bipolar cells fire, the next layer of cells..
gangelion cells activated
perception researches Hubel and Weisel discovered that
groups of neurons in visual cortex respond to different types of visual images
dimmension of color that is determined by wavelengrth of light
hue
the amount of energy in a light or sound wave
intensity
which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by waves amplitude
intensity
a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
iris
according to the opponent-process theory, when one sensor is stimulated
its pair cannot fire
the blind spot in our eye results from
lack of receptors where the optic nerve connects to the retina
impulses from left side of each retina go to
left hemisphere of brain
curved and flexible in order to focus the light
lens
light that enters pupil is focused by the
lens
the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
lens
The cornea also helps focus the
light
type of color blindness when people only see in shades of grey
monochromatic
from LGN messages are sent to the visual cortices located in the
occipital lobes of brain
the muscles that control the pupil (called the iris)...
open (dilate) to let more light in and make smaller to let less light in
this theory explains color afterimage
opponent process theory
the spot where the nerves cross each other is called the
optic chiasim
nerve that carries neual impulses from eye to brain
optic nerve
the axons of the ganglion cells make up the
optic nerve
what part of eye is divided into two parts?
optic nerve
Light goes through the
pupil
light passes through the
pupil
the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
pupil