SES 490 Exam 1

Identify the purpose of each component of the comprehensive health evaluation

-Detect presence of disease -Asses client's initial disease risk classification

A purpose of the preliminary health evaluation is to:

-Detect presence of or suggestion of disease. -Assess the likelihood of unexpected cardiovascular event related to exercise or PA. -Use questionnaires and data from clinical tests

The proper testing sequence/order when assessing the following fitness variables in a single session:

1. Resting blood pressure and heart rate 2. Body composition and balance 3. Cardiorespiratory endurance 4. Musculoskeletal fitness 5. Flexibility

Current ACSM guidlines recommended adults participate in a minimum of ___ min/week of moderate-intesity PA, or ___min/week of vigorous-intensity PA, or equivalent combination

150; 75

moderate-intensity aerobic activity that noticeably increases heart rate and lasts for more than 10 minutes would be equivalent to this MET range

3.0 to 6.0 METs

What is the recommended minimum amount of daily physical activity for health?

30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity daily (150 min/week)

This principle states that individuals with low physical fitness will show greater relative (%) gains and a faster rate of improvement in response to training than those individuals starting off with average or high fitness levels

principle of initial values

This principle states that the physiological systems of the body must be taxed using loads greater than those to the individual is accustomed

principle of overload training

This basic training principle states that positive physiological effects gained through an exercise program can be quickly lost after a few months of detraining

reversibility

The probability of a test correctly identifying individuals who have risk factors for a specific disease or syndrome is testing

sensitivity

This principle states the body's physiological and metabolic responses and adaptations to exercise training are specific to the type of exercise and muscle groups involved

specificity of training

An activity that would be least useful for developing bone mass

swimming

Similar test scores for a given individual are identified when the same test is administered by different technicians

test objectivity

According to the ACSM preparticipation health screening guidelines, how is "current participation in regular exercise" defined?

the client has participated in planned, structured moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on at least three days per week for at least the past three months

The ability of a test to accurately measure a specific fitness component defines

validity

In order for a physical fitness test to have the greatest accuracy, it must have a high_____ and a low _____

validity coefficient (ry,y'); standard error of estimate (SEE)

Give examples of moderate-intensity physical activity.

walking briskly bicycling slower than 10 mph water aerobics yoga tennis

Explain the relationship between physical inactivity and low back pain

Low back pain is associated with muscular weakness or imbalance from lack of physical inactivity

What types of exercise are effective for counteracting bone loss due to aging?

Vigorous and moderate intensity exercises, high intensity progressive resistance training

A client should be referred to a physician for medical clearance to begin an exercise program if he or she answers yes to _____ or more of the follow-up question(s) on the 2018 PAR-Q+

1 (one)

Hypertension is defined as systolic BP that us equal to or exceeds ___mmHg or a diastolic BP that is greater than ___mmHg

130; 80

What percentage of Americans have some form of CVD?

45.1%

What percentage of the American population does not get the recommended amount of physical activity for health benefits?

80%

At minimum, a pretest health screening should include four items

Administer PAR-Q+ Obtain signed informed consent Evaluate exercise patterns for past 3 months Analyze coronary disease risk factors Medical history

Define obesity and overweight relative to BMI

Age >20 with BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m are overweight; BMI 30 kh/m or more are obese

This is NOT a known risk factor for coronary heart disease

Caffeine consumption

The five aspects (components) of physical fitness

Cardiorespiratory endurance Musculoskeletal fitness Body weight and composition Flexibility Balance

In terms of SBP and DBP, differentiate the elevated, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension categories

Elevated SBP: 120-129 Stage 1 Hypertension: SBP 130-139mmHg; DBP: 80-89mmHg Stage 2 Hypertension: SBP >140mmHg; >90mmHg

This is NOT a positive risk factor for coronary heart disease

HDL-C of > or = 60 mg/dL

According to the ACSM pre-participation health screening algorithm, this would be recommended for a 55-year-old male who has engaged in a regular walking program for the past 6 months but has started to experience substernal chest pain and shortness of breath (SOB) with low levels of exertion:

He should discontinue with his exercise program and seek medical clearance before returning to his exercise routine

Name four types of CVD. Which is most prevalent?

Hypertension Coronary heart disease Atherosclerosis Low-density lipoprotein

Explain the obesity paradox

It is easier to diagnose those who are overweight or obese with a long-term cardiovascular disease

Explain how regular physical activity may prevent or delay select forms of cancer and cognitive decline

Lower body fat levels reduce cancer risks and delay cognitive decline

According to the ACSM preparticipation health screening algorithm, this is recommended for a 50-year-old woman with controlled hypertension and type 2 diabetes, asymptomatic, and who has engaged in regular moderate-intensity exercise for years, before engaging in vigorous-intensity exercise

Medical clearance

Define metabolic syndrome and identify its relationship to CVD

Metabolic syndrome refers to a combo of CVD risk factors associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and abnormal obesity. Most risks can also lead to CVD

Explain how chronic adherence to moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity affects the aging process

Moderate intensity strengthens the tibia and other bones vigorous intensity is associated with changes is the neck

Identify the positive and negative risk factors for CHD

Positive: Age, family history, hypertension, tobacco use, physical inactivity, overweight/obesity Negative: High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol)

The significance of a high HDL-C value (>60 mg/dL) regarding coronary risk factor analysis

a protective or negative risk factor (subtract 1 from the total/tally)

Explain the etiology of CHD

caused by a lack of blood to the heart muscle

The lowest pressure in circulation during the cardiac cycle is called ___ and occurs when the heart is filling with blood

diastolic blood pressure

Dose-response relationship means:

health benefits from exercise are dependent on the volume (frequency, intensity, duration) of physical activity performed

Physical Activity is thought to lower all of the following except

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)