Sheep and Goat management exam 1

What breed of sheep are out of season breeders?

Dorset

What is Drenching/Spraying?

Drenching is a method of administering dewormer, oral medications, and electrolytes.

What is a killed vaccine?

Killed vaccines contain organisms inactivated by chemical or physical means. •Attenuated process that results in death

Disadvantages / Advantages to a Modified live vaccine?

~ Advantages- •Fewer doses to achieve an immune response •Less chance of allergic reactions •Rapid protection •Cost is usually less ~ Disadvantages- •Could return to severe form •Risk of abortion •Disease problems in immune-stressed animals •Proper handling and mixing

Disadvantages / Advantages to a killed vaccine

~ Advantages- •More stable regarding the storage •No mixing required •Mitigates abortion risk •Limits risk of spread between animals •Less chance to revert to "wild strain" ~ Disadvantages- •Allergic reaction risk •Boosters typically required •Not develop as strong of a long-lasting immunity •Cost is more expensive than MLV

What are some examples of Benzimidazoles "white wormers"

~ Albendazole •Valbazen ~ Fenbendazole •Safe-Guard ~ Panacur Oxfendazole •Synanthic

What are the two types of Sheep Production Systems

~ Intensive Management Systems •Farm-Flock Operations •Purebred flock •Feedlot •Dairy •Accelerated Lambing ~ Extensive Management Systems •Southwestern range operations •Northwestern range operations

What are some examples of Membrane Depolarizing

~ Ivermectin •Ivomec ~ Eprinomectin •Eprinex •Dectomax ~ Moxidectin •Cydectin ~ Doramectin

What are some examples of Macrocyclic Lactones?

~ Levamisole •Tramisol •Prohibit ~ Pyrantel •Strongid ~ Morantel •Rumatel

What are some other methods of dehorning goats?

~Caustic paste- chemical burn destroying horn-producing cells •Calcium hydroxide •Sodium hydroxide ~Rubber bands •Same bands as castration and tail docking ~Shears

What is Crutching and Facing?

~Crutching- Shearing of wool around reproductive and mammary systems before ewe's under parturition •Subsides dirt and fecal matter around that area ~Facing- Shearing of wool from the facial area •Prevents "wool blind"

What are the two types of docking?

~Ranch •Leaving 3-4 cm of tail ~Short •Show animals •Docking the entire tail •Makes hip look fuller ~Cons with short docking •Increases the risk of prolapse

What are the three most common routes of administration?

~Subcutaneous "Sub-Q" •Under the skin •45° angle ~Intramuscular (IM) •In the muscle ~Intravenous (IV) •In the vein

What is weaning?

~The time at which lambs no longer receive milk from their mother •Typically wean within 2 to 6 months •Show operations vary •Some wean at 45 days •Most commonly wean around 2 months or 60 days •Past two months, mothers will start to wean naturally

What are the four types of sheep?

meat milk wool/hair dual-purpose

What breeds of sheep make up polypay?

Finnsheep, Rambouillet, Targhee, Dorset

What is the "HOT" complex

Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus •Most common worms to affect the small ruminant industry •Haemonchus Contortus •Barberpole •Ostertagia/Teladorsagia •Brown stomach worm •Trichostrongylus •Bankrupt worm

What is the #1 problem facing the sheep and goat industry?

Parasite dewormer (anthelminitic) resistance

What breed of sheep is resistant to foot rot?

Romney

Disadvantages of Intensive Sheep Production

• Higher overhead • Investment • Higher feed cost • Animal welfare questions arise • Nutrient management issues • Increase labor • Greater financial risk

Advantages of Intensive Sheep production

• Control of production • Minimize worm problems • Risk to coccidia • Decreases predators or cost of predator control • Alleviates weather risk• Optimizing nutrition • Controlling what animals eat and knowing roughly how much they eat • Great potential returns

What are some common Management Practices?

• Range vs. Shed Lambing/Kidding • Docking and Castration • Weaning • Crutching/Facing • Drenching/Spraying • Vaccinations • Herding

Disadvantages of Extensive Sheep Production

• Risk of parasites • Predators • Less presence of human-animal contact • Makes more difficult when working/treatment • Threat of climate and environment

Why dehorn goats?

•Animals with horns in close quarters •Can cause injury •People •Other animals •Themselves •Get head stuck in fence and feeders.

What types of worms affect small ruminants?

•Barber Pole Worm •Whipworm •Tapeworm •Threadworm •Threadneck worm •Nodular worm •Bankrupt worm •Coccidia (protozoan) •Brown stomach worm •Cyptosproidium

What are the 3 classes of dewormers

•Benzimidazoles •Membrane depolarizers •Macrocyclic lactones

What is Shed Lambing/Kidding?

•Brought into a barn •Placed in "jugs" •Helps establish a bond between mother and offspring •Requires more labor and input to Facilities •Close monitoring for health problems

What is the most common vaccination given to sheep and goats?

•Clostridiums Type C & D, and T •C & D: prevents "overeating disease" •T: Tetanus

What is an emasculator used for?

•Combination of elastrator and emasulatome •Cuts and crushes •Minimize blood loss ~Crushing •Seals blood vessels on the tail •Cutting removes the tail process takes 30 seconds

What is a Burdizzo (emasulatome)?

•Crushes spermatic cord •Stopping blood supply •Conduct up to 8 weeks but can wait up to 12

What is an Electric docker used for?

•Cuts and cauterizes tail at the same time •Most human method •Can be used in older lambs

What does weaning depend on?

•Dry feed consumption •Age •Season of birth •Parasite issues arising •Predators •Markets •Labor •Forage availability

What are the different methods of castration?

•Elastrator •Burdizzo •All-in-one castrator •Knife

What are the different methods of docking a tail?

•Elastrator •Emasculator •Electric docker •Knife

What is Range Lambing/Kidding?

•Ewes and nannies lamb/kid on range •No assistance needed •Proper genetic selection and nutrition in place to minimize problems with dystocia

When should docking and castration be done?

•If Perform at the same time at the age between 1-4 weeks = Less stressful early in life ~Ideally, docking should be done within 2-4 days

What are some types of External parasites?

•Lice •Keds •Mites

What bacteria causes Pneumonia in sheep and goats?

•Mannheimia haemolytica •Pasteurella multocida

What are the risk of breeding two polled goats?

•May result in hermaphrodite offspring

What are symptoms of potential internal parasites`

•Rough hair coat •FAMCHA scoring •Evaluating eye lid color •Anemic vs. not anemic •Decrease in appetite

What is the FAMCHA score?

•System that evaluates eyelid color and compared to a scorecard •Scale: 1 to 5 •1 = Bright cherry red •No significant signs of anemia • 5 = White color •severe anemia •3,4, or 5 •Deworm •1 or 2 •Do not treat with dewormer •This will build parasite resistance

How can you dehorn goats with a Circular hot iron?

•Typically ¾ inch diameter •Most common and recommended method •Show industry and dairy goats •Complete early in life ~Steps •Clip hair around horns •Place kid in holding box •Place iron over each horn •In a circular motion 5-10 seconds depending on horn size •Repeat twice

What is an Elastrator?

•Utilize rubber bands •Cuts off blood circulation •Quick in diminishing function •Used for both castration and docking •Inexpensive •Bloodless

What is a Modified live vaccine?

•contain a virus or bacteria that has been modified •Lost their disease-causing ability