SI: Ch 13

Briefly describe what the limbic system does.

Activated when in fight/flight because basic survival func - memory, reproduction, nutrition help func species; deals with emotions

What is the infundibulum?

Between hypothalamus and pituitary gland; stalk from hypothalamus floor to post pit gland

In terms of blood supply to the brain, astrocytes are associated with what?

Blood brain barrier and tight junctions involved in it; super selective so do not get toxic substances in brain

What part of the brain is associated with intended movement and actual movement?

Cerebellum

What is the largest portion of the brain?

Cerebrum

Explain the generation and flow of CSF.

Choroid plexus produces CSF and fills lateral ventricle through 3rd and continue in that manner

Hearing, visual reflexes, turn eyes/head, visual tracking of moving objects, unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities are all associated with what part of the brainstem?

midbrain

The Roman numerals assigned to each cranial nerve reflect

the sequence from anterior to posterior in which they emerge from the brain

The cerebrum develops from the embryonic region called the

telencephalon

1.) What is the control center for many of the body's functions?

Brain Works with endocrine system but not as fast as NS

What is the pia mater?

Deepest meningeal layer that directly adheres to the brain Thin, fragile CT layer closely adhered to the brain

which part of the brain would house the thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus?

Diencephalon

List and describe the functions of the four parts of the brain.

Diencephalon - thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus Cerebrum -conscious thought, perception, conscious motor activity Cerebellum - balance and posture and movements and locomotion Brainstem - major survival skills such as breathing, HR, visual, relaying info within brain and connect SC to brain; integration of reflexes; essentials need to survive

List the meninges in order from superficial to deep. Describe each meninges.

Dura mater - tough mother, tightly bound to internal periosteum Arachnoid mater - medial one, thin and wispy like spiderweb; subdural space with serous space Pia mater - closely adhered to brain, thin, deepest

Explain the function of the reticular formation.

Group of nuclei that are scattered throughout the brainstem; control cyclic activities

medulla oblongata regulates

HR, swallowing, breathing, coughing, sneezing, blood vessel diameter, vomiting

olfactory

I sensory smell

optic

II sensory vision

oculomotor

III Sensory and Motor - Primarily Motor Eyelid and eyeball movement

trochlear

IV Sensory and Motor - Primarily Motor Innervates superior oblique eye muscle; Turns eye downward and laterally

Glossopharyngeal

IX Sensory and Motor Taste Senses carotid blood pressure; Muscle sense -proprioception, sensory awareness of the body

What is the most inferior part of the brainstem?

Medulla oblongata

List and describe the functions of the parts three parts of the brainstem.

Medulla oblongata - most inferior part, ascending and descending from SC Pons - connects cerebellum to cerebrum, relays information and has ascending and descending tracts from SC; respiratory center, coordination with medulla; super to medulla Midbrain - small and superior to pons; hearing, visual reflexes, lot sensory, visual tracking, be able to follow something

List and describe the function of basal nuclei. Where are they located in the brain?

Motor movement and posture Inferior cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain

Describe the function of the cerebellum.

Motor movements, posture, locomotion, balance

What is the role of the basal nuclei?

Organizing/coordinating motor movements and posture

What part of the brainstem imitates REM for the sleep process?

Pons

Comment on the function of pineal gland.

Sleepiness and regulates biological clock

List and describe the functions of the four parts of the diencephalon.

Thalamus - general body movement, mood and motion Subthalamus - helps control motor funcs; sev ascending and descending tracts Hypothalamus - connects to pituitary glands; connects NS with endocrine sys so big role in mood, emotion, sexual pleasure, and rage Epithalamus - pineal gland and habenula; visual response to it and pineal gland (sleep and biological clock like puberty)

trigeminal

V Sensory and Motor Chewing; Face and mouth touch and pain

abducens

VI Sensory and Motor - Primarily Motor Turns eye laterally; Proprioception (sensory awareness of part of the body)

facial

VII Sensory and Motor Controls most facial expressions; Secretion of ears and saliva

vagus

X Sensory and Motor Senses aortic blood pressure; Slows heart rate; Stimulates digestive organs; Taste

spinal accessory

XI Sensory and Motor - Primarily Motor Controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid controls swallowing movements; Muscle sense - proprioception

hypoglossal

XII Sensory and Motor - Primarily Motor Controls tongue movements; Muscle sense - proprioception

List the four parts of the brain

a. Cerebrum b. Cerebellum c. Brainstem d. Diencephalon

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching network known as the

arbor vitae

Vestibucochlear

auditory VIII Sensory Hearing; Equilibrium sensation

Temporal Lobe

auditory and smell and memory

Frontal Lobe

decision making, has precentral gyrus in it; involves motor function; voluntary motor func, mood, smell, personality

The fact that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body is explained by the

decussation of the pyramids in the medulla

TRUE or FALSE: The cranial nerves are a part of the CNS.

false

Which of the following brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system?

hypothalamus

The corpus callosum

is a band of commissural fibers that connects the right cerebral hemisphere to the left cerebral hemisphere

The limbic system

is associated with basic survival instincts of nutrition, memory, and reproduction

Parietal Lobe

majority of sensory info information except smell, hearing, vision

Arrange the following in order from the diencephalon downward

midbrain, pons, medulla, SC

In the CNS, clusters of gray matter containing cell bodies are called

nuclei

Which two portions of the brain are involved in controlling respiration?

pons, medulla oblongata

Occipital Lobe

reception and integration of visual

TRUE or FALSE: The blood-CSF barrier is very selective.

true

TRUE or FALSE: The thalamus plays a role in both emotion and sensory integration

true

Which nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

vagus nerve

What do the cavities of the neural tube become in the adult brain?

ventricles