SKELETAL SYSTEM
sella turcica
depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
Mandible
only movable bone of the skull
ischium
the inferior, posterior portions of the pelvis
ilium
the most superior part of the hip bone
Pair of zygomatic, pair of maxilla, pair of palatine, pair of lacrimal, pair of nasal, mandible, vomer, pair of inferior nasal conchae
14 facial bones
Atlas
1st vertebrae
Axis
2nd vertebrae
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
3 functional classification of Joints
Body, vertebral arch, various processes
3 parts of the vertebra
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
3 structural classifications of joints
Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary
4 paranasal sinuses
Frontal bone
Anterior part of the cranium
Ethmoid bone
Anterior portion of cranium
No body and spinous process
Appearance of atlas
False ribs
Attach indirectly to sternum by cartilage
inferior nasal conchae
Attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity
Metacarpals
Attached to the carpal bones and make up the central portion of the hand
Flexion
Bending movement
Scapula: shoulder blade Clavicle: collarbone
Bones of the pectoral girdle
Humerus: upper limb Ulna: Forearm Radius: Forearm Carpals: Wrist Metacarpals: Hand
Bones of the upper limb
The great trochanter and its attached muscles
Can be seen as the widest part of the hips
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle S- Scaphoid L-Lunate T- Triquetrum P- Pisiform T- Trapezium T- Trapezoid C- Capitate H- Hamate
Carpal bones
-Male pelvis is more massive -Female pelvis is broader and has a large and more rounded pelvic inlet and outlet
Comparison of male and female pelvis
Coronal suture
Connects the frontal bone and parietal bones.
D- Decreased Collagen Production L- Loss of Bone density D- Degenerative changes
Effects of aging in the skeletal system and joints
Palatine bones
Forms posterior portion of hard palate
Frontal bone
Forms the roof of the orbit of the eye and the nasal cavity
Maxillae
Forms upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate, floors of eye orbits
Diarthrosis
Freely movable joint, ex. knee, elbow, wrist articulations
S-Support body weight P- Protects the spinal cord A- Allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord P- Provide a site for muscle attachment P- Provide movement of the head and trunk
Functions of Vertebral column
Fibrous joint
Has no joint cavity; exhibit little or no movement
Fusion of 5 separate sacral vertebrae
How is sacrum formed?
Attachment of the mandibular condyle with the mandibular fossa of temporal bone
How mandible joins the temporal bone?
22 bones
How many bones are in the skull?
8 cranial bones
How many cranial bones are in the skull?
four curvatures
How many curvatures are there in the vertebral column?
14 facial bones
How many facial bones are in the skull?
five regions
How many regions are there in the vertebral column?
12 pairs of ribs
How many ribs do humans have?
7 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are there in the cervical spine?
5 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are there in the lumbar spine?
12 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are there in the thoracic spine?
Temporal bones
Inferior to parietal bones on each side of the cranium
Articulations
Joints; points where two bones meet.
Fibula
Lateral lower leg
Femur: thigh Patella: kneecap Tibia: large lower leg Fibula: small lower leg Tarsals: ankle Metatarsal: foot Phalanges: toes and fingers
Lower limb bones
Tibia
Medial lower leg
lacrimal bone
Medial surfaces of eye orbits
synovial joints
Most joints that unite the bones of the appendicular skeleton
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement toward the midline
inferior nasal conchae
One of the three nasal conchae in the nasal cavity that provide increase surface area
Foramen magnoum
Opening where the brainstem connects to the spinal cord
Occipital bone
Posterior portion and floor of cranium
Pronation
Rotation of the forearm with the palms down
Parietal bones
SIdes and roof of cranium
Sphenoid bone
Single bone that extends completely across the skull
Tiger Cub Needs MILC -Talus -Calcaneus -Navicular -Medial Cuneiform -Intermediate Cuneiform -Lateral Cuneiform -Cuboid
Tarsal bones
Fibrous joints
United by fibrous connective tissue
Ethmoid bone
Very porous, fragile bone
Connection between occipital condyles and superior articular facets
What allows you to nod "yes"
frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid
What are the 8 cranial bones?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrococcygeal
What are the four major curvatures in the vertebral column?
coxal bones and sacrum
What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
Major sensory organs (eyes, nose, tongue)
What do facial bones protect?
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
What makes up the axial skeleton?
Pelvic Girdle
Where lower limbs attach to body
Ribs 8-12
Which rib pairs are the false ribs?
Ribs 11 and 12
Which rib pairs are the floating ribs?
Ribs 1-7
Which rib pairs are the true ribs?
Fontanels
allows flexibility of the skull during the birth process
Appendicular skeleton
allows movement of our appendages and supports our weight in an upright position
Zygomatic bone
anterior to the sphenoid bone
Sphenoid bone
anterior to the temporal bone
Humerus
arm; connects shoulder to the elbow
True ribs
attach directly to sternum by cartilage
Trochanters of Femur
attachment sites for muscles that fasten the hip to the thigh
Hyoid bone
bone that does not articulate with another bone
Frontal bone
bone that forms the forehead
Sternum
breastbone
Vertebral column
central axis of the skeleton, extending from the base of the skull to slightly past the end of the pelvis
zygomatic bones
cheek bones
temporomandibular joint
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw
Squamous sutures
connects parietal bones to temporal bones
lambdoid suture
connects the parietal bone to the occipital bone
Sagittal suture
connects the two parietal bones
Pectoral girdle
consists of two pairs of bones that attach each of the upper limbs to the body
hyoid bone
embedded in soft tissue in the neck just below the mandible
Braincase
encloses the cranial cavity, consists of 8 bones that immediately surround and protect the brain
cartilaginous joints
exhibit little or no movement
Sutures
fibrous joints between the bones of the skull
Mandible
forms a freely movable joint
Sphenoid bone
forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit
nasal bone
forms the bridge of the nose
vomer
forms the posterior part of the nasal septum
Femur
has a prominent, rounded head, where it articulates with the acetabulum
Acetabulum
hip socket
Atlas
holds up the head
26 individual bones
how many bones are there in the vertebral column?
Sutures
immovable joints of the skull
hyoid bone
important in speech and swallowing
Pelvis
includes pelvic girdle and coccyx
Clavicle
known as the collarbone
Hip bone
large bony plate formed from the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and the pubis
radius
lateral bone of the forearm, same side as the thumb
Sacrum
located between two hip bones
Mandible
lower jaw bone
Occipital bone
make up majority of the skull's posterior wall and base
ulna
medial bone of the forearm, same side as the little finger.
vomer
midline of the nasal cavity
synovial joints
most joined by a fluid cavity
synovial joints
most joints of the appendicular skeleton
Rotation
movement of a structure about the long axis
synarthrosis joint
non-movable joint, ex. skull bone articulations
Floating ribs
not attached to sternum
Sacrum
part of the pelvic girdle, which provides stable support for our lower limbs
Thoracic cage
protects vital organs
hyoid bone
provides an attachment point for the tongue muscles and neck muscles
Axis
rotates the head
Supination
rotation of the forearm with palms up
Amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joints, ex. between vertebrae
lacrimal bone
smallest of the skull bones
Vertebral body
solid bony disk of each vertebra, supports the body's weight
Extension
straightening movement
Scapula
the flat, triangular bone in the back of the shoulder
ulna and radius
two bones of the forearm
nasal conchae
two bones that help to complete the nasal cavity by forming the side and lower wall
cartilaginous joints
united by means of cartilage
Hyoid bone
unpaired, u-shaped bone that is not part of the skull