SKELETAL SYSTEM

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sella turcica

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Mandible

only movable bone of the skull

ischium

the inferior, posterior portions of the pelvis

ilium

the most superior part of the hip bone

Pair of zygomatic, pair of maxilla, pair of palatine, pair of lacrimal, pair of nasal, mandible, vomer, pair of inferior nasal conchae

14 facial bones

Atlas

1st vertebrae

Axis

2nd vertebrae

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

3 functional classification of Joints

Body, vertebral arch, various processes

3 parts of the vertebra

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

3 structural classifications of joints

Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary

4 paranasal sinuses

Frontal bone

Anterior part of the cranium

Ethmoid bone

Anterior portion of cranium

No body and spinous process

Appearance of atlas

False ribs

Attach indirectly to sternum by cartilage

inferior nasal conchae

Attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity

Metacarpals

Attached to the carpal bones and make up the central portion of the hand

Flexion

Bending movement

Scapula: shoulder blade Clavicle: collarbone

Bones of the pectoral girdle

Humerus: upper limb Ulna: Forearm Radius: Forearm Carpals: Wrist Metacarpals: Hand

Bones of the upper limb

The great trochanter and its attached muscles

Can be seen as the widest part of the hips

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle S- Scaphoid L-Lunate T- Triquetrum P- Pisiform T- Trapezium T- Trapezoid C- Capitate H- Hamate

Carpal bones

-Male pelvis is more massive -Female pelvis is broader and has a large and more rounded pelvic inlet and outlet

Comparison of male and female pelvis

Coronal suture

Connects the frontal bone and parietal bones.

D- Decreased Collagen Production L- Loss of Bone density D- Degenerative changes

Effects of aging in the skeletal system and joints

Palatine bones

Forms posterior portion of hard palate

Frontal bone

Forms the roof of the orbit of the eye and the nasal cavity

Maxillae

Forms upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate, floors of eye orbits

Diarthrosis

Freely movable joint, ex. knee, elbow, wrist articulations

S-Support body weight P- Protects the spinal cord A- Allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord P- Provide a site for muscle attachment P- Provide movement of the head and trunk

Functions of Vertebral column

Fibrous joint

Has no joint cavity; exhibit little or no movement

Fusion of 5 separate sacral vertebrae

How is sacrum formed?

Attachment of the mandibular condyle with the mandibular fossa of temporal bone

How mandible joins the temporal bone?

22 bones

How many bones are in the skull?

8 cranial bones

How many cranial bones are in the skull?

four curvatures

How many curvatures are there in the vertebral column?

14 facial bones

How many facial bones are in the skull?

five regions

How many regions are there in the vertebral column?

12 pairs of ribs

How many ribs do humans have?

7 vertebrae

How many vertebrae are there in the cervical spine?

5 vertebrae

How many vertebrae are there in the lumbar spine?

12 vertebrae

How many vertebrae are there in the thoracic spine?

Temporal bones

Inferior to parietal bones on each side of the cranium

Articulations

Joints; points where two bones meet.

Fibula

Lateral lower leg

Femur: thigh Patella: kneecap Tibia: large lower leg Fibula: small lower leg Tarsals: ankle Metatarsal: foot Phalanges: toes and fingers

Lower limb bones

Tibia

Medial lower leg

lacrimal bone

Medial surfaces of eye orbits

synovial joints

Most joints that unite the bones of the appendicular skeleton

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline

inferior nasal conchae

One of the three nasal conchae in the nasal cavity that provide increase surface area

Foramen magnoum

Opening where the brainstem connects to the spinal cord

Occipital bone

Posterior portion and floor of cranium

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm with the palms down

Parietal bones

SIdes and roof of cranium

Sphenoid bone

Single bone that extends completely across the skull

Tiger Cub Needs MILC -Talus -Calcaneus -Navicular -Medial Cuneiform -Intermediate Cuneiform -Lateral Cuneiform -Cuboid

Tarsal bones

Fibrous joints

United by fibrous connective tissue

Ethmoid bone

Very porous, fragile bone

Connection between occipital condyles and superior articular facets

What allows you to nod "yes"

frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

What are the 8 cranial bones?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrococcygeal

What are the four major curvatures in the vertebral column?

coxal bones and sacrum

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Major sensory organs (eyes, nose, tongue)

What do facial bones protect?

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

What makes up the axial skeleton?

Pelvic Girdle

Where lower limbs attach to body

Ribs 8-12

Which rib pairs are the false ribs?

Ribs 11 and 12

Which rib pairs are the floating ribs?

Ribs 1-7

Which rib pairs are the true ribs?

Fontanels

allows flexibility of the skull during the birth process

Appendicular skeleton

allows movement of our appendages and supports our weight in an upright position

Zygomatic bone

anterior to the sphenoid bone

Sphenoid bone

anterior to the temporal bone

Humerus

arm; connects shoulder to the elbow

True ribs

attach directly to sternum by cartilage

Trochanters of Femur

attachment sites for muscles that fasten the hip to the thigh

Hyoid bone

bone that does not articulate with another bone

Frontal bone

bone that forms the forehead

Sternum

breastbone

Vertebral column

central axis of the skeleton, extending from the base of the skull to slightly past the end of the pelvis

zygomatic bones

cheek bones

temporomandibular joint

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

Squamous sutures

connects parietal bones to temporal bones

lambdoid suture

connects the parietal bone to the occipital bone

Sagittal suture

connects the two parietal bones

Pectoral girdle

consists of two pairs of bones that attach each of the upper limbs to the body

hyoid bone

embedded in soft tissue in the neck just below the mandible

Braincase

encloses the cranial cavity, consists of 8 bones that immediately surround and protect the brain

cartilaginous joints

exhibit little or no movement

Sutures

fibrous joints between the bones of the skull

Mandible

forms a freely movable joint

Sphenoid bone

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit

nasal bone

forms the bridge of the nose

vomer

forms the posterior part of the nasal septum

Femur

has a prominent, rounded head, where it articulates with the acetabulum

Acetabulum

hip socket

Atlas

holds up the head

26 individual bones

how many bones are there in the vertebral column?

Sutures

immovable joints of the skull

hyoid bone

important in speech and swallowing

Pelvis

includes pelvic girdle and coccyx

Clavicle

known as the collarbone

Hip bone

large bony plate formed from the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and the pubis

radius

lateral bone of the forearm, same side as the thumb

Sacrum

located between two hip bones

Mandible

lower jaw bone

Occipital bone

make up majority of the skull's posterior wall and base

ulna

medial bone of the forearm, same side as the little finger.

vomer

midline of the nasal cavity

synovial joints

most joined by a fluid cavity

synovial joints

most joints of the appendicular skeleton

Rotation

movement of a structure about the long axis

synarthrosis joint

non-movable joint, ex. skull bone articulations

Floating ribs

not attached to sternum

Sacrum

part of the pelvic girdle, which provides stable support for our lower limbs

Thoracic cage

protects vital organs

hyoid bone

provides an attachment point for the tongue muscles and neck muscles

Axis

rotates the head

Supination

rotation of the forearm with palms up

Amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joints, ex. between vertebrae

lacrimal bone

smallest of the skull bones

Vertebral body

solid bony disk of each vertebra, supports the body's weight

Extension

straightening movement

Scapula

the flat, triangular bone in the back of the shoulder

ulna and radius

two bones of the forearm

nasal conchae

two bones that help to complete the nasal cavity by forming the side and lower wall

cartilaginous joints

united by means of cartilage

Hyoid bone

unpaired, u-shaped bone that is not part of the skull


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