Skeletal System Test
Metacarpals
10
Metatarsals
10
Appendicular skeleton
126
Facial bones
14
Tarsals
14
Carpals
16
Clavicle
2
Femur
2
Fibula
2
Humerus
2
Patella
2
Pelvis
2
Radius
2
Scapula
2
Tibia
2
Ulna
2
Total skeleton
206
Ribs
24
Vertebrae
26
Phalanges
28
Middle ear
6
Lower Appendages
62
Upper appendages
64
Cranium
8
Axial skeleton
80
The fibrous lining of the hollow cavity in the long bone is called the _____. A. Endosteum B. Periosteum C. Medullary cavity D. Ligament
A
Covers each epiphysis
Articular cartilage
The thin layer of cartilage on the ends of the bones where they form joints is called the _____.
Articular cartilage
The two major divisions of the human skeleton are the _____ skeleton and the _____ skeleton.
Axial, appendicular
Cancer of the cartilage is called _____. A. Osteosarcoma B. Chondrosarcoma C. Fibrosarcoma D. Osteomalacia
B
The strong fibrous membrane covering all of a bone except the joint is called the _____. A. Endosteum B. Periosteum C. Ligament D. Tendon
B
The inflammatory joint disease that is caused by an increase of uric acid is _____. A. Osteoarthritis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Gouty arthritis D. Infectious arthritis
C
The shaft of the long bone is called the _____. A. Endosteum B. Periosteum C. Diaphysis D. Epiphysis
C
Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton? A. Mineral storage B. Blood formation C. Heat production D. Protection
C
Passageways that connect lacunae to each other and to a blood supply
Canaliculi
These allow nutrients to reach the osteocytes through the haversian system
Canaliculi
Cartilage cells
Chondrocytes
These are cartilage cells
Chondrocytes
Cartilage cancer
Chondrosarcoma
A _____ fracture invites the possibility of infection because the skin is pierced.
Compound or open
The end of the long bone is called the _____. A. Endosteum B. Periosteum C. Diaphysis D. Epiphysis
D
Outer hard bone in the diaphysis
Dense/compact bone
The shaft of the bone; first part to ossify; contains dense bone
Diaphysis
This refers to the shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
The process of forming bone from cartilage is called _____.
Endochondral ossification
Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
This membrane lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
If an ______ remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis, bone growth can continue.
Epiphyseal plate
The skeleton can still grow as long as there is cartilage left in the
Epiphyseal plate
End of a long bone; contains red marrow
Epiphysis
The ends of a long bone
Epiphysis
This is the location in the long bon where hematopoietis occurs
Epiphysis
Floating ribs are named floating because they are not joined to any bone
False
Osteocytes live in the canaliculi of the osteon
False
The periosteum would be deep to the endosteum.
False
Unlike osteocytes, chondrocytes are located in lacunae
False
6 spots in the newborn skull; ossify in the first year
Fontanels
Contain vertical blood cells
Haversian canals
The structural units of compact bone are called either osteons or _____.
Haversian systems
The process of blood cell formation
Hematopoiesis
The skeletal system of blood cell formation is known as
Hematopoiesis
Osteocytes and chondrocytes live in small in a matrix called _____.
Lacunae
Spaces or depressions in the matrix that contain osteocytes
Lacunae
Circular layers of calcium matrix
Lamellae
The rings of calcified matrix that make up the haversian system are called
Lamellae
The ___ are cords or bands made of strong connective tissue that holds bones together.
Ligaments
Femur
Lower extremity
Fibula
Lower extremity
Metatarsals
Lower extremity
Patella
Lower extremity
Tibia
Lower extremity
Hollow area in the diaphysis containing yellow marrow
Medullary cavity
The hollow area in the shaft of a long bone where marrow is stored is called the _____.
Medullary cavity
Another name for a compound fracture is a __ fracture
Open
Process of cartilage turning into bone
Ossification
Degenerative joint desease, or _____, involves wearing away of articular cartilage.
Osteoarthritis
The most common non-inflammatory joint disease
Osteoarthritis
Bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
Bone-building cells are called
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells are called _____.
Osteoblasts
The bone building cells
Osteoblasts
Bone-resorbing cells are called _____.
Osteoclasts
Cells that break down bone
Osteoclasts
The bone resorbing cells
Osteoclasts
These are bone-reabsorbing cells
Osteoclasts
Mature bone cells
Osteocytes
An infection of the bone
Osteomyelitis
Microbial infection of the bone is called _____.
Osteomyelitis
Basic functional unit of bone
Osteon
The main structural unit of compact bone
Osteon
The structural unit of compact bone
Osteon
A bone condition usually found in postmenopausal women resulting from calcium deficiency
Osteoporosis
The skeletal disorder characterized by excessive loss of calcified matrix and collagen fibers is called _____.
Osteoporosis
This bone condition occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women with calcium deficiencies
Osteoporosis
Cancer of the bone
Osteosarcoma
A disease that has frenzied bone growth and resorption
Paget's disease
People with this condition go through episodes of "frenzied" bone reabsorption and bone growth
Paget's disease
Outer covering of the bone
Periosteum
The tough connective tissue covering of the bone medullary cavity
Periosteum
This is the strong fibrous membrane covering most of the long bone
Periosteum
An autoimmune disease type of arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ensuring that young children have a sufficient amount of vitamin D in their diet will prevent
Rickets
Occurs in children as a result of a vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
Abnormal side-to-side curvature of the vertebral column is called _____.
Scoliosis
An abnormal side-to-side curve in the vertebral column is called
Scoliosis
Fracture types
Simple - doesn't break skin Compound - breaks skin Transverse horizontal Angular - slanted Spiral - bone breaks down and around Comminuted - fragmentation of the bone Greenstick - incomplete fracture Epiphyseal - growth plate affected
Frontal bone
Skull
Mandible
Skull
Maxilla
Skull
Occipital bone
Skull
Zygomatic bone
Skull
Inner, softer and porous bone in the epiphysis
Spongy bone
An injury to a ligament around a joint
Sprain
Can be caused by overstretching a muscle
Strain
Functions of the skeletal systems
Support Protection Movement Calcium storage Hematopoiesis
The three types of joints, named for the amount of movement they allow are _____, _____, and _____.
Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses
Subunits of spongy bone
Trabeculae
The needle-like threads (sub-units) of spongy bone are called
Trabeculae
The needlelike threads of spongy bone are called _____.
Trabeculae
The support structures in spongy bone
Trabeculae
A function of the skeletal system is to act as a storage area for calcium
True
A sprain involves ligaments and a strain usually involves muscle tissue
True
Cartilage cells are called chondrocytes
True
Growth of a bone occurs at the epiphyseal plates
True
If osteoblast activity equals osteoclast activity, homeostasis may be maintained
True
If the body required more calcium in the blood, the activity of osteoclasts would increase
True
Ligaments are strong bands of connective that connect bones to other bones
True
Long bones have one diaphysis and two epiphyses
True
Nutrients needed by the osteocytes are carried through the canaliculi
True
One of the signs of osteoporosis is "dowager's hump".
True
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have opposite functions in bone formation and growth
True
Simple fractures may be complicated but by definition do not break through the skin
True
The articular cartilage has two functions: to act as a shock absorber and to reduce friction in the joint
True
The medullary cavity is the site for blood cell formation
True
The repair of a broken bone would increase the activity of osteoblasts
True
There are more than 20 bones in the skull
True
Yellow marrow is stored in the medullary cavity
True
Rib
Trunk
Sternum
Trunk
Carpals
Upper extremity
Clavicle
Upper extremity
Humerus
Upper extremity
Metacarpals
Upper extremity
Scapula
Upper extremity
Ulna
Upper extremity
Contain horizontal blood cells
Volkmann's canals
