Skeletal Tissue

Why does yellow marrow replace red marrow as we age?

As adults, our need for blood cell formation is adequately covered by remaining red marrow and other sites within the body.

Fork-shaped spinous process

Cervical

Small oval body

Cervical

Triangular vertebral foramen

Cervical

Which of the following structures is not included in the thoracic cage?

Clavicle

Removal of what component of bone would affect its flexibility?

Collagen

I anticipate that a decrease in skin production of sebum would lead to ______________.

Drier skin

Describe the role of hyaline cartilage in connective tissue.

It covers the surface of bones within joints, providing a friction-free surface.

The xiphoid process articulates with what other bone?

It does not articulate with other bones

The concentric rings of calcified intercellular substance arranged around Haversian canals are called:

Lamellae

A person lies comatose in bed for six consecutive months. You would expect their bone density to be:

Less than normal for their age

Which of the following statements best differentiates the difference between chondrocytes and osteocytes.

Osteocytes support bone and chondrocytes support cartilage. Osteocytes are found within bone and chondrocytes are found within cartilage.

Hypothesize how a decrease in the number of free nerve endings in the skin would affect people.

People would be less sensitive to pain felt through the skin.

Evidence to support the role of flattened bone surfaces as areas that articulate with other bones is given by:

Presence of hyaline cartilage on the surface of flattened bone.

A major function of the rib bones is to:

Protect the heart and lungs

Which of the following best illustrates areolar connective tissue?

Reticular, collagenous and elastic fibers with fibroblasts, and macrophages

Which vertebrae articulate with pelvic bones?

Sacral,sacrum

Which vertebrae are normally fused together in an adult human?

Sacrum and coccyx

Which of the following best illustrates the advantage of the epidermis being avascular?

Since the epidermis is exposed to abrasions and friction, if it was vascular it would be constantly bleeding.

Which bone has a groove to support the pituitary gland?

Sphenoid

What passes through the foramen magnum?

Spinal cord

Predict what would happen if humans had no hair at all on their bodies.

There would be increased friction between moving body structures.

Which statement best distinguishes the difference between bone and blood as connective tissue?

They are at opposite spectrums of hardness, with liquid acting as the connective medium in blood.

What is one role of nails in the integumentary system?

They are useful for scratching the skin and removing parasites.

Select the statement that best describes the importance of polarized membranes in epithelium.

They enable the apical and basal membranes to have different properties.

Why are transverse processes present on vertebrate?

They provide attachment for large muscles.

Predict what would happen if a person has a defective tyrosinase gene, and is unable to make melanin.

They would be susceptible to sunburns and skin cancer.

Choose which statement is true.

Thick skin can be found on both the upper and lower halves of the body.

How many bones comprise the skull?

22

The hollow space in the middle of many skull bones is filled with:

Air

Non-living, extracellular matrix is a feature of ______________.

All connective tissues

Through which of these structures does the spinal cord pass?

Vertebral foramen

The frontal bone and parietal bones come together at the ______________ suture.

coronal

Which of the following shapes accurately depicts the appearance of long bones.

cylinder in shape both tall and slightly short. One skinny one what. Either one correct

List the layers of the integumentary system, from the outermost to the innermost.

stratum corneum, lucidem, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Circular vertebral foramen

thoracic vertebrae

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Bone tissue is a dry and non-living structure.

true

Bone tissue is the site of blood cell manufacturing. Bone tissue functions as a storehouse for several minerals. Bone tissue supports the weight of the body. Bone tissue protects organs.

Predict what would happen if collagen was lost from bone.

Bone would be much less flexible.

Calculate how the integumentary system would have to change if people breathed through their skins.

Breathing is dependent on efficient gas exchange, which would require a much thinner epidermis.

Chondrocytes are located in ______________.

Cartilage

Choose which statement is false

Cartilage has stem cells that replace worn cartilage over time.

Which of the following correctly states the difference between cartilage and bone?

Cartilage is rubbery, and bone is firm.

Which of the following would best substitute the loss of sebaceous gland in the skin?

Covering the skin with a lotion replacing essential oils to the skin

true

Epithelial tissue is fed by nutrients that diffuse from the dermal layer. The connective tissue found within the dermis is dense irregular connective tissue. Organs are composed of more than one tissue. Epithelial cells form selective barriers that allow absorption and secretion.

Which statement best demonstrates the effect of stem cells on epithelium?

Epithelium is found on surfaces that suffer mechanical stress and cell loss, the presence of stem cells means that it can regenerate itself.

Compare the functioning of epithelium to connective tissue.

Epithelium provides protection and transport, while connective tissue connects bones together.

Predict how epithelium would change if it became vascular.

Epithelium would not be suited to cover the lining of the lungs.

Predict what would happen if epithelial cells could not form tight junctions.

Epithelium would not be used to line the outermost surface of the body.

The cribriform foramina are part of what bone?

Ethmoid

Which of the following are the physiological functions of the integumentary system?

Excretion of large amounts of nitrogenous wastes

Red marrow is the site of triglyceride storage.

False

The atlas is another name for the first thoracic vertebrae.

False

The axis is another name for the second thoracic vertebrae.

False

The styloid process is part of the ethmoid bone.

False

Identify the components of extracellular matrix.

Fibrous and non-fibrous proteins, organic molecules, and fluid

Fibrous membranes that allow the infant brain to grow in size are called:

Fontanelles

Which of the following helps us to correctly distinguish between maxillae and mandible?

Formation of the hard palate by the palatine processes of the maxillae.

false

Hair grows only in areas of thin skin. Hair grows only in areas of thick skin. Thin skin is found in areas subject to extensive pressure. Thick skin is found in the lower half of the body, and thin skin in the upper half.

The epiphyses of long bones are covered by:

Hyaline cartilage

Select the answer that best describes the role of hydroxyapatite in bone.

Hydroxyapatite gives bone strength against compression.

Stretch marks after weight gain or pregnancy are located in the ______________.

Hypodermis

If you wanted to make skin less sensitive to UV radiation, what would you modify?

I would increase the amount of melanin in the epidermis.

If you wanted to make bone stronger what would you modify?

I would keep the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite the same but increase the thickness of bone.

Compare the role of collagen in skin and in bone.

In skin, collagen provides mechanical strength against shear forces, in bone it provides flexibility.

Flat triangular vertebral foramen

Lumbar

Kidney-shaped body

Lumbar

Thickest spinous process

Lumbar

Which spinal curvature would be affected by pregnancy?

Lumbar

Compare the functioning of Meissner's corpuscles to lamellated corpuscles.

Meissner's corpuscles detect light touch, lamellated corpuscles detect deep pressure.

Prioritize the importance of melanin in the integumentary system.

Melanin provides protection against the damaging effects of UV radiation.

Select the answer that describes the role of melanocytes within skin.

Melanocytes produce melanosomes, filled with melanin.

Which sweat gland is most common and produces a watery perspiration?

Merocrine

Identify the components of stratified squamous epithelium.

Multiple layers of star-like cells

The process of bone formation is referred to as:

Ossification

Which of the following is a bone reabsorbing cell?

Osteoclast

Without the hyoid bone, we could not:

Swallow food properly

Which of the following bones encloses the ear canal?

Temporal bone

Damage to which of the following would compromise the protective aspects of the skull?

The foramen magnum

An example of a sesamoid bone can be found where?

The knee cap

Teeth are anchored in:

The maxillae and the mandible

correct about sternum

The sternal angle is not really an angle but actually the junction of the manubrium and body. Abdominal muscles attach to the bottom of the sternum. Cartilage extending from the true ribs attaches to the sternum directly. The floating ribs do not attach to the sternum at all.

Which of the following statements about the sternum is incorrect?

The sternum has three parts: manubrium, body, and styloid process.

Which of the following statements best differentiates the difference between stratum corneum and stratum basale.

The stratum basale has dividing cells, the stratum corneum does not.

Which statement best distinguishes the difference between thick and thin skin.

The stratum lucidum is only found in thick skin.

A facial bone that is not paired would be:

The vomer

Heart-shaped body with costal facets

Thoracic

Long downward spinous process

Thoracic

Which vertebrae articulate with rib bones?

Thoracic

Which of the following is the best definition of epithelium?

Tight junctions and polarized membranes

The branching structures in spongy bone are called:

Trabeculae

If osteoclast activity is greater than osteoblast activity, then a skeleton disorder is likely to occur.

True

Which statement best demonstrates the effect of a loss of keratin on the epidermis.

Without keratin, the epidermis would be less resistant to friction and abrasion.