skin, liver, lower GI, assessments, this & that, Upper GI LPN

Risk factors for C. Difficile

Use of antibiotics older adults Hospitalization

What is the etiology(cause) of herpes zoster(shingles)? who are at risk? Treatment?

*Caused by varicella zoster virus which causes chicken pox. Herpes Zoster is a reactivation of this latent varicella virus. *common in older adults, ppl w/ diminished immune system (AIDS, Immunosuppressants, or malignancy or injury to the spine or cranial nerve) *treatment involves Antivirals(severe cases), analgesics(pain), anticonvulsants(neuro pain), antidepressants(neuro pain), corticosteroids (controversial, relieve discomfort), Antihistamines (control itching) cool compress and baths (reduce itching & pain). topical agents with lidocaine can help

Define 1. macule 2. papule 3. vesicle 4. bulla 5. pustule

1. flat, non-palpable change in skin color 2. a solid, raised lesion less than 1cm 3. a small blister like raised area of skin 1cm or smaller 4. a fluid-filled blister larger than 1cm 5. small elevation of skin that contains lymph or pus

What are the functions of 1. Apocrine glands 2. Eccrine glands 3. sebaceous glands?

1. sweat glands that respond to stress and sexual stimulation 2. helps maintain constant core temp and also helps body eliminate waste 3. secretes sebum which helps keep skin and hair from drying out of becoming brittle

You're caring for Lewis, a 67 yr. old patient with liver cirrhosis who developed ascites and requires paracentesis. relief of which symptom indicates that the paracentesis was effective? A. Pruritis B. Dyspnea C. Jaundice D. Peripheral neuropathy

B. Dyspnea

A female client who has just been diagnosed with hepatitis A asks, "How could I have gotten this disease?" What is the best response from the nurse? A.: You may have eaten contaminated restaurant food" B. "You could have gotten it by using I.V drugs." C. "You must have received an infected blood transplant." D. "You probably got it engaging in unprotected sex."

A. "You may have eaten contaminated restaurant food."

Which of the following tests can be used to diagnose ulcers? A. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) B. Barium swallow C. CT scan D. Abdominal X-ray

A. EGD

When planning care for a male client with burns on the upper torso, which Nursing diagnosis should take the highest priority? A. Ineffective airway clearance related to edema of the respiratory passages B. Impaired physical mobility related to the disease process. C. Disturbed sleep pattern related to facility environment. D. Risk for infection related to breaks in the skin.

A. Ineffective airway clearance related to edema of respiratory passage.

A male client with psoriasis visits the dermatology clinic. When inspecting the affected areas, the nurse expects to see which type of secondary lesion? A. Scale B. Crust C. Ulcer D. Scar

A. Scale

A nurse us caring for a patient diagnosed with Clostridium difficile infection (c.diff). Which of the following infection prevention measures is essential when caring for this patient? A. Using contact precautions, including gloves and a gown B. Using standard precautions, including a mask and eye protection. C. Isolating the patient in a negative-pressure room D. Encouraging visitors to bring homemade food for the patient.

A. Using contact precautions, including gloves and a gown.

What labs are associated with liver function?

Albumin Ammonia Total bilirubin Prothrombin time (PT)

Medications to treat H. pylori infection.

Antibiotics proton pump inhibitors bismuth subsalcylate H2 receptor antagonist

A male client is recovering from an ileostomy that was performed toi treat inflammatory bowel disease. During discharge teaching, the nurse should stress the importance of: A. Wearing an appliance pouch only at bedtime B. Increased fluid intake to prevent dehydration C. Consuming a low-protein, High-fiber diet D. Taking only enteric-coated medications.

B. Increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration.

The correct sequence for abdominal assessment is: A. Inspection, percussion, palpation, auscultation. B. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation. C. Inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion. D. Inspection, percussion, auscultation, palpation.

B. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation.

When counseling a client in ways to prevent cholecystitis, which of the following guidelines is the most important? A. Eat a low-protein diet. B. Keep weight proportionate to height. C. Limit exercise to 10 min/day D. Eat a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.

B. Keep weight proportionate to height.

A Nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a patient who presented with abdominal pain and jaundice. The patient's bilirubin levels are significantly elevated. Which additional laboratory tests should the nurse anticipate to further evaluate the cause of jaundice in this patient? A. Complete blood count (CBC) B. Liver function tests (LFTs) C. Urinalysis D. Serum Amylase

B. Liver Function tests (LFT's)

An enema is prescribed for a client with suspected appendicitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Prepare 750ML of irrigating solution. B. Question the order with the provider C. Provider privacy & explain procedure to patient. D. Assist client into left sims position

B. Question the order with the provider

Which of the following describes the method of action of medications, such as ranitidine which are used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease? A. Neutralize stomach acid. B. Reduce stomach acid secretion. C. protect the ulcer from stomach acid. D. Promote stomach emptying.

B. Reduce stomach acid secretion.

What can cause a false positive occult blood results during testing?

Bleeding gums following a dental procedure. ingestion of red meat 3 days before testing ingestion of fish, turnips, or horseradish use of medications: anticoagulants, aspirin, colchicine, NSAIDs, steroids, and iron preparations in large doses.

What is caput Medusae?

Blueish purple swollen vein pattern extending out from the naval

Your patient s/p abdominal surgery tells you that he felt a popping sensation in his incision during a coughing spell, followed by severe pain. Which supplies should you take to his room? A. A suture kit B. Sterile water and a Suture kit C. Sterile water and sterile dressings D. sterile saline and sterile dressings

D. Sterile saline and sterile dressing.

Hepatic encephalopathy develops when the blood level of which substance increases? A. Amylase B. calcium C. ammonia D. potassium

C. Ammonia

When caring for a male client with severe impetigo, the nurse should include which intervention in the plan of care? A. Placing mitts on the clients hands. B. Administering systemic antibiotics as prescribed. C. Applying topical antibiotics as prescribed. D. Continuing to administer antibiotics for 21 days as prescribed.

C. Applying topical antibiotics as prescribes.

Which of the following tests can be used to diagnose a hiatal hernia? A. Colonoscopy B. Barium Enema C. Barium swallow D. Abdominal x-ray

C. Barium Swallow

A nurse is providing care to a patient diagnosed with GERD. The patient is experiencing symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. Which lifestyle modification should the nurse recommend helping manage these symptoms? A. Consume High-fat meals to promote satiety. B. Lie down immediately after eating. C. Elevate the head of the bed during sleep. D. Drink citrus fruit juices throughout the day.

C. Elevate the head of the bed during sleep.

A nurse is caring for a patient scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to evaluate persistent abdominal pain and digestive issues. the patient expresses anxiety about the procedure. which nursing actions are most appropriate to help the patient prepare for the upper GI endoscopy procedure? A. Advise the patient to eat a heavy meal before the procedure to reduce discomfort. B. Educate the patient that the upper GI endoscopy is an invasive surgery. C. Explain that the patient will be sedated during the procedure to minimize discomfort. D. Inform the patient that upper GI endoscopy involves a barium swallow test

C. Explain that the patient will be sedated during the procedure to minimize the discomfort.

Eleanor, a 62 yr old woman with diverticulosis is your patient, which interventions would you expect to include in her care? A. Low fiber diet and fluid restriction B. Total parenteral nutrition and bedrest C. High-fiber diet and psyllium D. Administration of antacids and analgesics

C. High-fiber and psyllium

A Nurse is caring for a patient who has just undergone a colostomy surgery. The patient expresses concern about managing the colostomy and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. which of the following nursing instructions is appropriate for the patient? A. encourage the patient to avoid all physical activities to prevent complications. B. Teach the patient to clean the colostomy site with alcohol-based wipes only. C. Instruct the patient to maintain a well-balanced diet and stay adequately hydrated. D. Advise the patient to ignore changes in the stoma's appearance and report them only if there is discomfort.

C. Instruct the patient to maintain a well-balanced diet and stay adequately hydrated.

Rob is 46 yr old admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of hepatitis B. He's jaundiced and reports weakness. Which intervention will you include in his care? A. Regular exercise. B. Acetaminophen for pain. C. provide small meals with rest periods between D. Implement contact precautions.

C. Provide small meals with rest periods between.

A nurse is caring for a male client with cirrhosis. Which assessment findings indicate that the client has deficient vit k absorption cause by this hepatic disease? A. Dyspnea and fatigue B. Ascites and orthopnea C. Purpura and petechiae D. Gynecomastia and testicular atrophy

C. Purpura and Petechiae

A Nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a patient with suspected malabsorption syndrome. Which of the following lab findings would be consistent with its condition? A. Elevated serum vit. B12 levels B. Increased serum and albumin levels C. Steatorrhea, or presence of fat in the stool D. Normal levels of serum electrolytes

C. Steatorrhea, or presence of fat in the stool

A nurse is assessing a patient who recently had abdominal surgery. The nurse notes that the surgical site appears red, swollen, and warm to the touch. The patient complains of increasing pain at the wound site. What should the nurse suspect have based on these findings? A. Normal healing process B. Wound dehiscence C. Surgical site infection D. Seroma formation

C. Surgical site infection

What is the most common sign of colorectal cancer?

Change in bowel habits.

A patient has a sever exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. Which medication will probably be prescribed? A. H2 receptor antagonist B. Antacids C. Laxatives D. Corticosteroids

D. Corticosteroids *why?!

A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with ulcerative colitis who is experiencing a flare-up of symptoms. When reviewing the patient's lab results, which of the following findings would be expected during a flare up of ulcerative colitis? A. Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels B. Decreased white blood cell (WBC) count. C. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) D. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels

D. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels

A nurse is providing education to a group of individuals about skin cancer and melanoma. Which of the following characteristics should the nurse emphasize as being the most concerning when assessing a skin lesion for potential melanoma. A. A symmetrical shape B. Uniform color throughout C. A diameter less than 1/4 inch D. Irregular or poorly defined borders.

D. Irregular or poorly defined borders

A female client sees a dermatologist for a skin problem. Later, the nurse reviews the client's chart and notes that the chief complaint was intertrigo. this term refers to which condition? A. Spontaneously occurring wheals B. A fugus that enters the skin's surface, causing infection. C. Inflammation of hair follicle. D. Irritation of opposing skin surfaces caused by friction.

D. Irritation of opposing skin surfaces caused by friction.

Which of the following substances is most likely to cause gastritis? A. Coffee B. Enteric-coated aspirin C. Sodium Bicarbonate D. Naproxen

D. Naproxen

A nurse is caring for a bedridden patient in a long-term care facility. The nurse is concerned of the patient's risk for developing pressure injuries. What action is most important to prevent pressure injuries in this patient? A. Reposition the patient every 8 hours. B. Apply moisturizing lotion to bony prominences. C. Keep the head of the bed elevated at 30 degrees. D. Use a pressure-reducing mattress or cushion.

D. Use a pressure-reducing mattress or cushion.

What part of the Gi tract is responsible for keeping hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Esophageal Sphincter

What is Cholelithiasis and what causes it?

It is formation of gallstones in the gallbladder. The causes are: aging heredity obesity statis of bile frequent fasting diabetes mellitus cirrhosis pregnancy estrogen excessive cholesterol intake sedentary lifestyle other medications, and they occur more in women than men.

Causes of peptic ulcers:

NSAID use. alcohol use smoking H. Pylori

What are symptoms of Appendicitis, and what are therapeutic measures?

S/S: Abdominal pain, anorexia, n/v, diarrhea, fever, increased WBCs, pain can become localized to the right lower quadrant at McBurney point, midway between the umbilicus and right iliac crest. Therapeutic measures: *at risk for infection *Surgery - laryngoscopic or open, the patient is NPO, use of the heating pad, laxative, or enemas avoided because they can cause or complicate a rupture. (for rupture) - IV fluids. Antibiotics to treat infection & and peritonitis. if there is an infection surgery should wait, or a drain is put in the abdomen by radiologist during surgery.