SLMC 101-18 Principles of Speech Midterm

As individuals, we have ______________ or choice in deciding what we want our communication style to be and how we want to communicate to and with the world around us.

agency

Match the following titles with their quality as inclusive or not inclusive. Congressman=__________________ Stewardess=__________________ Postal Worker=_______________ Firefighter=_____________________

Congressman= NOT Inclusive Stewardess= NOT Inclusive Postal Worker= Inclusive Firefighter= Inclusive

____________ is one of the three artistic proofs that involves establishing credibility.

Ethos

Priya is texting her significant other about their dinner plans. This would be an example of which model of communication?

Interaction model

The_______________ Model of Communication acknowledges that people encode, decode, and provide feedback simultaneously.

Transaction

______________cues include vocalized sound that indicates agreement, disagreement, acknowledgment, or another type of communicative clue.

Verbal

_______________ can be favorable, unfavorable, and neutral.

audiences

Which organizational speech pattern would allow the speaker to describe how one set of events led to another set of events? a topical b spatial c cause-effect d problem-solution

c . cause-effect

Which strategy for tackling apprehension involves working to replace irrational thoughts and fears about public speaking with more positive views of public speaking situations?

cognitive modification

____________________________ are data related to characteristics of people's identities such as age, gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, education level, ability, and other types of information that provide speakers some insights into an audience's background.

demographics

Gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and other body movements are all examples of__________ cues.

nonverbal

Jaime is trying to explain the semiotic triangle to a friend. He decides to break down the word "dog" to explain all three aspects of the semiotic triangle. Jaime starts by explaining that the letters D-O-G is the_________or the arbitrary symbol that is used to represent a four-legged furry pet.

sign

Which pattern of organization would be best suited for a speech about the proximity of our galaxy to others?

spatial

Which part of a speech includes elements like the attention-getter, speaker credibility, and thesis statement?

the introduction

Alexis is currently watching one of her professor's lectures on YouTube. This would be an example of which model of communication?

transmission model

_________________ are filler words such as "ah," "uh," "um," "like," and "you know."

vocalized pauses

Every formal speech should include an introduction,_______________ , and conclusion.

a body

Which of the following is true about the audience of an informative speech? Choose all that apply. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS ACCEPTED) a Audiences can appreciate the complexity of a topic that they might know little about. b Audiences can learn about something new. c Audiences can understand something in much more detail than they had previously known. d Audiences can change their beliefs on a topic.

a-Audiences can appreciate the complexity of a topic that they might know little about b-Audiences can learn about something new. c-Audiences can understand something in much more detail than they had previously known

The National Communication Association (NCA) defines several competencies students should exhibit after completing a college-level public speaking. Select all of the following competencies the NCA proposed. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS ACCEPTED) a Students should be able to influence public discourse. b Students should be able to get past their fears of public speaking. c Students should be able to use communication to embrace difference. d Students should be able to apply critical thinking skills to interpret messages.

a-Students should be able to influence public discourse. c-Students should be able to use communication to embrace difference. d-Students should be able to apply critical thinking skills to interpret messages.

________________________ are objects or images that help communicate the values, beliefs, practices, norms, and/or history of the person or group with whom you are speaking.

artifacts

Which of the following is NOT an example of an informative speech? a Explaining a 10-step process on how to bake a cake. b Convincing your audience that going zero waste is the best for the planet. c Teaching your audience about camping in the Sierras. d Talking about the Space Link and the components of satellites in space.

b- Convincing your audience that going zero waste is the best for the planet.

Which of the following is not an effective attention getter? a reciting a quote from a famous person b telling a short story c introducing yourself to the audience d starting with an interesting fact

c- introducing yourself to the audience

Maritza is preparing her wedding toast for her brother Jorge. What type of speech will Maritza be presenting?

commemorative

Monica recently presented her________________ speech as the keynote speaker of the Class of 2020's graduation ceremony.

commemorative

Which of the following is not one of the five parts of an introduction? a thesis statement b preview of main points c speaker credibility d subpoints

d- subpoints

Match the type of audience analysis to the information you can ascertain from each. demographics=_____________________ surveys=__________________________ artifacts=_______________________ informants=_________________________

demographics=characteristics of people's identities surveys=information about the audience's knowledge artifacts=history of the person or group informants=personal information of the interests or attitudes of the audience

When you watch your audience for nonverbal cues that indicate their level of interest in your topic, you are completing__________________ which is a type of audience analysis you can complete during your presentation.

direct observation

Which artistic proof matches the sentence best? (ethos, logos, pathos) As a researcher and activist for climate change ̧I have done extensive research on the topic to provide you with the latest facts.

ethos

____________________ speaking is a type of speaking that does not require research or practice prior to delivery.

impromptu

_________________ was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw and addresses the experience of having multiple, competing, ad simultaneous identities.

intersectionality

Henry is preparing his wedding toast for his friend, Maria. As he prepares he considers what the audience's expectations are as well as what is appropriate for a wedding. Henry is considering what?

kairos

Which artistic proof matches the sentence best? (ethos, logos, pathos) According to NASA's 2020 report on climate change ̧ the planet's temperature has risen an average of 2.05 degrees since the late nineteenth century.

logos

Soni gets pretty nervous when presenting, so she tried her best to add as many hand movements as possible while practicing for her speech. While presenting her speech about a healthy diet, she consistently moves her arms around and even does things like rub her belly and point to herself while talking. Although adding movements while presenting, it is important to avoid ______________, which can also distract your audience.

over gesturing

Davit is currently talking to his parents about taking a gap year after graduating from high school. Both of Davit's parents don't believe that a gap year will be beneficial to Davit's growth. Davit views his parents as a(n)_______________audience because they think negatively about his topic and he has to strategize on how to talk to them about it.

unfavorable

Luis is working on a presentation about a rather complex concept. He decides to offer multiple examples and visual aids. Luis is considering the_______________ of his message by crafting it in a way that is easily available in hopes of increasing understanding.

accessibility

Which of the models of communication would best describe the communication occurring between two business partners over zoom? a Transmission Model b Interaction Model c Transaction Model d none of the above

c-Transaction Model

Please match the scenario to the type of audience it best illustrates. An audience of fans present at a Comic Con panel for The Mandalorian. = ________________ An audience of high school students at a presentation about multiple colleges.=___________________ A group of zero waste activists at a presentation about the benefits of plastic use.=__________________

An audience of fans present at a Comic Con panel for The Mandalorian. = favorable aundience An audience of high school students at a presentation about multiple colleges.= neutral audience A group of zero waste activists at a presentation about the benefits of plastic use.= unfavorable audience

Mackenzie is preparing a(n) ____ speech to teach his fellow classmates about the rotary engine. a informative b persuasive c commemorative d none of the above

a-informative

Which of the following is not one of the artistic proofs provided by Aristotle? a-kairos b-ethos c-pathos d-logos

a-kairos

Social Mobility means... a the ability to improve one's social and financial position in society. b how an idea, concept, or situation is strategically described and communicated for a specific goal or purpose. c a recognition that as an independent person you get to make decisions and actions for your life. d none of the above.

a-the ability to improve one's social and financial position in society.

Which of the following is not an organization speech pattern suited for informative speeches? a problem-cause-solution b cause-effect c spatial d topical

a. problem-cause-solution

Jess is talking to Sam about the grief she is feeling after losing her pet. Sam is having a hard time describing her grief to Jess so that she can understand. This scenario shows that language is___________ because we use it to refer to things that are not visible or tangible.

abstract

Emad and Alex are currently organizing their office space. Emad asks Alex to hand him the mouse. Alex quickly turns around looking for a small rodent but is relieved to see a computer mouse instead. Alex was confused because language is________________ and therefore words can have multiple meanings.

ambiguous

Ramon wrote a letter to Daisy about their argument with John and Eli. Who is responsible for decoding the letter? a Ramon b Daisy c John d Eli

b- Daisy

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a persuasive speech? a speaking to your classmates about social media addiction b speaking to your classmates about deleting their social media accounts c speaking to your classmates about the mental health effects of social media d speaking to your classmates about social media algorithms

b- speaking to your classmates about deleting their social media accounts

Alina tends to get extremely nervous while speaking in front of people. She decided that she would start practicing more by leading more brainstorming sessions with her team at work. She is hoping to gradually expose herself to speaking in hopes that she will be more relaxed as times goes by. Which strategy is Alina using to manage her apprehension? a cognitive modification b systematic desensitization c skills training d reflexivity

b- systematic desensitization

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the Interaction Model of communication? a Chleo publishes a video for her travel channel. b Chleo sends a text to Emilia to schedule a meeting. c Chleo has a conversation with her neighbor on her way out. d Chleo calls her mom over video chat.

b-Chleo sends a text to Emilia to schedule a meeting.

Aida is currently presenting her speech about Black Lives Matter to a predominantly White audience. Her nerves feel evident to her, and she quickly feels like her audience is now an unfavorable audience based on the lack of eye contact and comments she can hear. What should Aida do in this scenario? a Continue on with her speech the way she planned it. It is too late to change things now. b Find a way to connect to the audience on common ground before presenting further ideas. c End her speech early, and then assess what went wrong so she can prepare better next time. d Point out a specific person in the audience and further separate herself from their ideas.

b-Find a way to connect to the audience on common ground before presenting further ideas.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates persuasive speaking. a Speaking to a class about voter rights, including mail in ballots. b Speaking at a rally about adopting mail in ballots as the only way to cast a vote at the federal level c Speaking to your friends about voting propaganda from the 1950s. d Speaking to your coworkers about Stacey Abrams work to increase eligible voters.

b-Speaking at a rally about adopting mail in ballots as the only way to cast a vote at the federal level

Which of the following statements is true about adapting your audience? a Adapting to an audience isn't necessary if it makes you change your message. b The way you talk to your grandmother and to your friends is likely different. c The demographics of the audience shouldn't affect your speech. d None of these.

b-The way you talk to your grandmother and to your friends is likely different.

The word "lit" has a variety of meanings in different contexts. This is an example of which characteristic of language? a arbitrary b ambiguous c abstract d powerful

b-ambiguous

Giovanni is currently at a job interview at a startup tech company. As he walks through the doors and sees everyone who works there, he tries his best to notice objects or images that help communicate the company's values and practices. He hopes that this will inform his answers once he meets the interviewer. Giovanni is using which type of audience analysis? a surveys b artifacts c demographics d polling

b-artifacts

When communicating with people, Dave usually fluctuates between a formal tone for work and very casual tone with friends. He feels it is best to be strategic when communicating with different groups of people. Which of the following concepts is Dave using? a reflexivity b codeswitching c intersectionality d socializing agents

b-codeswitching

When Paulina visits family, she is expected to great everyone with a hug and a kiss on the cheek. She has done this for as long as she can remember and when she's asked her mom about it, her mom always says, "that's just what we do, and any other way to say hello would be rude!" Which of the following is being described in this scenario? a agency b communicative norm c intersectionality d phenotypical differences

b-communicative norm

Ralph struggles with articulating his words. When he communicates, he sometimes slurs his words or joins two words together to say things like "you wanna go out to eat" instead of "do you want to go out to eat." Which of the following should Ralph work on? a pronunciation b enunciation c volume d tone

b-enunciation

Jackie has been asked to present a speech about the gender wage gap at conference for young business women. She considers the time and place that she will be speaking in to make sure that her message is powerful and effective. Which of the following has Jackie considered for her speech? a ethos b kairos c pathos d logos

b-kairos

Jessica and Ashlee are in the same communication class. Ashlee is presenting her report but is forgetting to change her slides. Jessica wants to help, so she opens her eyes wide and starts to mimic changing the slides with a clicker. Ashlee looks over to Jessica, realizes her mistake, and quickly starts to go through her slides. What type of cues was Jessica relying on in this scenario? a-verbal b-nonverbal c-gendered d-linguistic

b-nonverbal

Mercedes is watching a commercial for a popular sneaker brand. The ad shows a young girl in her sneakers and then quickly follows her as she gets older clearly showing that she is wearing the same brand of sneaker. The ad ends with the woman getting married, and she flashes her sneakers that she is wearing under her dress. Throughout the ad, you hear upbeat and cheerful music. Which persuasive appeal was this ad focused on? a ethos b pathos c logos d kairos

b-pathos

Zed is presenting a speech about poverty and hunger. Zed includes a narrative about a mother who worked three jobs to put food on her family's table which got in the way of connecting with her kids. In doing so, Zed fulfilled which artistic proof? a ethos b pathos c logos d none of the above

b-pathos

According to the text, your introduction should make up what percentage of your speech? a 5% b 10-15% c 25% d 30%

b. 10-15%

Jen is helping Benjamin with his marketing project. She read the instructions and realized that he has not follow all the project instructions. Jen would like to let him know, but she is also considering Benjamin's feelings; she knows he will be extremely frustrated. What should Jen say to Benjamin to frame her feedback positively? a "You know what, I think it is a little off but I'm sure you'll get a good grade! b "You know this is wrong, right?" c "Ben, it looks like the project is asking for something different, but the good news is I can help you, and we may be able to use some of what you have." d "Ben, it looks like the project wasn't done right. What if you just start all over?"

c "Ben, it looks like the project is asking for something different, but the good news is I can help you, and we may be able to use some of what you have."

Which of the following is not a good strategy for adapting to a favorable audience? a maintain your speaker credibility throughout the speech b confirm the audience's ideas c call others out who do not think positively about the topic d These are all good strategies for adapting to a favorable audience.

c- call others out who do not think positively about the topic

According to your text, it is always a good idea to arrive __ minutes early to any interview. a 5 b 10 c 15 d 20

c-15

Which of the following is not true about communication? a How you craft verbal and nonverbal messages can sometimes be the difference in maintaining friendships. b Inserting pauses at the perfect moment and softening our smile to show sincerity can win people over. c Communication skills don't usually continue to develop or adapt. d Effective oral communication skills allow us to advocate for important issues.

c-Communication skills don't usually continue to develop or adapt.

Which of the following sentences best illustrates ethos? a For only $5.00 per month, you can help feed a child in need. b COVID-19 is primarily affecting people who are 30 - 45 years old. c I have personally volunteered for AidAfrica and have done research on their mission as a non-profit. d Dogs love humans unconditionally, so why wouldn't you do all that you can to make your pup happy?

c-I have personally volunteered for AidAfrica and have done research on their mission as a non-profit.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the Transmission Model of communication? a Jordan emails Nora about her work schedule. b Jesus and his mom are talking over dinner. c Susana is watching a makeup tutorial on YouTube. d Humberto calls his friends through video chat to check in.

c-Susana is watching a makeup tutorial on YouTube.

Aliabadi is usually very careful about how she shows herself to different groups of people. At work, she tends to be reserved and efficient. With her friends, she is talkative, and with her family, she is brutally honest. Which of the following concepts is being illustrated in this scenario? a social mobility b intersectionality c crystalized self d reflexivity

c-crystalized self

Abdul is currently talking to his parents about quantum entanglement at the dinner table. He looks over at his mom and realizes she's falling asleep, and his dad has started slowly making his way to the television to watch TV. What type of audience analysis is Abdul completing while he speaks? a demographics b surveys c direct observation d polling

c-direct observation

Ashlyn and Caleb are currently having an argument about what movie they should watch at the movie theater. Ashlyn continues to explain that a horror movie is the best option, while Caleb shrugs his shoulders and looks confused. Caleb is providing Ashlyn with a physical contact. b psychological noise. c feedback. d message.

c-feedback

Emily just started her first semester abroad in Paris. She took the time to learn the language and even to study the culture. What kind of capital does Emily have? a academic b social c linguistic d none of the above

c-linguistic

Sarah included a quote from a reliable research study in her speech about the water crisis in Flint Michigan. In doing so, Sarah fulfilled which artistic proof? a ethos b pathos c logos d kairos

c-logos

Armando is talking to Jessica through FaceTime, but Jessica is having a hard time hearing Armando over the sound of construction next door. Jessica is experiencing a psychological noise b channel c physical noise d accessibility issues

c-physical noise

Julissa and Ani are currently working on a sales pitch for a prospective client. Which context will they speak in? a academic b personal c professional d public

c-professional

Edna is presenting her speech in a large lecture hall. She is increasingly more nervous and her voice starts become softer. What verbal delivery component should Edna work on? a enunciation b pronunciation c vocal projection d pitch

c-vocal projection

There are three mindsets to consider when preparing for audience analysis. Please match them to their correct description. care to understand=______________________ empathy=________________________ flexibility in thinking=____________________

care to understand= trying your best to learn more about your audience in order to create an effective speech empathy=a concept related to how an individual can sense and share an emotional or cognitive experience of another person. flexibility in thinking=an opportunity to open yourself up for learning and exercise critical thinking.

Which of the following is an example of communication? a Ordering your food at a drive-thru. b Sharing eye contact with someone across a room. c Nodding while a friend tells you about their day. d All of the above.

d-All of the above

Megan and Willow are best friends. Megan identifies as a White woman and Willow identifies as nonbinary and Hispanic. They are both watching news coverage on the Black Lives Matter protest. When considering intersectionality and socializing agents, which of the following statements is true about their experiences? a Since Megan and Willow have different socializing agents, they will understand the Black Lives Matter movement on different levels. b Since Megan and Willow have different intersecting identities (like gender and race), they will view the news coverage differently. c Megan and Willow may have a similar opinion about the Black Lives Matter movement, but their experiences will influence their opinion anyway. d All of the above.

d-All of the above.

Which of the following is an accurate example of agency as related to communication style? a Speaking loudly for emphasis. b Having a choice in deciding what we want our communication style to be. c Adding gestures to compliment what you are saying. d All of the above.

d-All of the above.

Which of the following is NOT true about a first impression? a First impressions can influence whether or not you land the job. b 7 seconds is all it takes to make a first impression. c During first impressions, individuals assess your verbal and nonverbal cues. d First impressions are usually forgotten quickly.

d-First impressions are usually forgotten quickly

Which of the following is NOT involved in the framing process? a Carefully examining the audience, including their ideas, thoughts, and biases toward us and our topic b Thinking about how a topic might be seen favorably by an audience c Strategically designing the message in a way that will be heard most favorably by our audience d If needed, changing the information from outside research so that it better suits what we want to say

d-If needed, changing the information from outside research so that it better suits what we want to say

Miguel just started his first semester of college. As a first-generation college student, he was feeling nervous navigating the logistics of higher education. He has met with a campus counselor multiple times to learn about the college's systems. You could say that Miguel has what kind of capital? a social b linguistic c monetary d academic

d-academic

Julie has been asked to present a speech at an outdoor event with 40 guests. Which of the following delivery components should Julie be most worried about? a volume b eye contact c stance d all of the aboveterm-69

d-all of the above

Which of the following categories is a social identity? a-ability b-gender c-religion d-all of the above

d-all of the above

Peta is preparing her commencement speech. She wants to make sure that she knows more about the characteristics of the students who attend her college. Which of the following types of audience analyses would provide Peta with information about age, gender, race, etc.? a artifacts b polling c informants d demographics

d-demographics

Which of the following is NOT a component in the Transmission Model of Communication? a noise b encoding c receiver d feedback

d-feedback

Which of the following is not a component of nonverbal delivery? a eye contact b posture c facial expressions d pauses

d-pauses

Betty is volunteering for a local city council candidate by going door to door to talk to voters. Which context is Betty speaking in? a academic b personal c professional d public

d-public

Josephine is usually very comfortable striking up a conversation with strangers, but when she presents a speech, she gets extremely nervous and has trouble expressing her ideas. Josephine most likely suffers from a communication apprehension. b projection issues. c pace issues. d public speaking anxiety.

d-public speaking anxiety.

Persuasive speeches are usually divided into three categories. Which of the following is not one of the categories? a questions of fact b questions of value c questions of policy d questions of reflexivity

d-questions of reflexivity

Which artistic proof matches the sentence best? (ethos, logos, pathos) Climate change is happening now ̧ and if we don't act ̧ our future generations won't be able to call this planet home.

pathos

A ________________ speech is focused on trying to change your audience's attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors.

persuasive

Which type of speech would be most effective when trying to encourage your audience to donate to an organization?

persuasive