SOC 150: Exam 3 Review

Cross-national studies comparing sexual attitudes found: A. Attitudes towards premarital sex vary across industrial countries. B. Tolerance towards premarital sex are the same among industrial countries, but developing countries are less tolerant. C. Tolerance towards premarital sex is a cultural universal, meaning the attitudes are similar across most countries. D. Developing countries are more tolerant of premarital sex than industrial countries are.

A. Attitudes towards premarital sex vary across industrial countries.

Laws deporting illegal Mexican workers. A. Expulsion B. Assimilation C. Segregation

A. Expulsion

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced the relocation of any native tribes east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river. A. Expulsion B. Assimilation C. Segregation

A. Expulsion

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? A. Functionalism B. Symbolic Interactionism C. Feminist Theory D. Conflict Theory

A. Functionalism

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? A. Functionalism B. Symbolic interactionism C. Queer theory D. Conflict theory

A. Functionalism

Which of the following statements best reflects the sociological perspective? A. Individuals can be prejudiced or discriminatory, but racism is inherently systemic or institutional. B. Individuals can be prejudiced, discriminatory, or racist

A. Individuals can be prejudiced or discriminatory, but racism is inherently systemic or institutional.

Irish and Italian immigrants initially being considered "not white," to eventually being included in the "white" group. A. Expulsion B. Assimilation C. Segregation

B. Assimilation

Heteronormativity: A. Prejudiced beliefs that value one sex over another. B. Cultural, legal, and institutional practices that present heterosexuality as the only natural sexual identity. C. An ideology and set of institutional practices privileging heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations.

B. Cultural, legal, and institutional practices that present heterosexuality as the only natural sexual identity.

Which of the following statements comparing the United States to other industrialized countries is correct? A. U.S. citizens attitudes about sex are similar to other industrial countries. B. U.S. citizens attitudes about sex are less restrictive than other industrial countries. C. Whether the United States was more or less restrictive depends on what the specific issue is (e.g., pre-marital sex, extramarital sex, sex before age 16, etc.) D. U.S. citizens attitudes about sex are more restrictive than other industrial countries.

D. U.S. citizens attitudes about sex are more restrictive than other industrial countries.

T/F: The term sex and gender are basically interchangeable.

False

two ethnic or racial groups combine to form a new group. a. amalgamation b. assimilation c. segregation d. pluralism

a. amalgamation

What is discrimination? a. biased actions against an individual or group b. biased thoughts against an individual or group c. belief that a race different from yours in inferior d. another word for stereotyping

a. biased actions against an individual or group

a sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a __________ perspective to understand the global economy. a. conflict theory b. feminist c. symbolic interactionist d. functional

a. conflict theory

Wallerstein's World Systems Approach terminology - dominant capitalist countries, highly industrialized, technological, and urbanized: a. core nations b. peripheral nations c. semi-peripheral nations d. developing nation e. industrial nation

a. core nations

The idea that we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation and other attributes, is called: a. intersection theory b. experiential theory c. segregation theory d. integration theory

a. intersection theory

what is the one defining feature of a minority group? a. lack of power b. numerical minority c. self-definition d. strong cultural identity

a. lack of power

merging into the larger culture and shedding one's separate identity. a. amalgamation b. assimilation c. segregation d. pluralism

b. assimilation

the basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification: a. is an artificial reflection of society b. serves a purpose in society c. cannot be justified d. is an outdated mode of societal organization

b. serves a purpose in society

what factor makes class systems open? a. people are more open-minded b. they allow for movement between the classes c. people are encouraged to socialize within their class d. they do not have clearly defined layers

b. they allow for movement between the classes

As of the year 2000, which country had the highest rate of working poverty? a. Belgium b. Spain c. United States d. Ireland

c. United States

a family that cannot afford the basic necessities of life or purchase enough to physically sustain its members lives in: a. relative poverty b. objective poverty c. absolute poverty d. marginal poverty

c. absolute poverty

if a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a: a. functionalist b. symbolic interactionist c. dependency theorist d. modernization theorist

c. dependency theorist

an ideal system based on the belief that social stratification is the result of personal effort that determines social standing, is called a: a. caste system b. class system c. meritocracy d. plutocracy

c. meritocracy

involuntary separation of minority groups by legal or social means, based on race or ethnicity. a. amalgamation b. assimilation c. segregation d. pluralism

c. segregation

Wallerstein's World Systems Approach terminology - In-between nations. Cannot dictate policy, but are a major source for raw material. Expanding middle-class: a. core nations b. peripheral nations c. semi-peripheral nations d. developing nation e. industrial nation

c. semi-peripheral nations

which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility? a. an executive belongs to a different class than her parents b. a janitor belongs to the same social class as his grandmother did c. an editor shares the same social class as his cousin d. a lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister

d. a lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister

T/F: Race and Ethnicity are interchangeable terms that are synonymous of one another

false

white people in the United States being reasonably sure that they will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as themselves is a result of: a. white privilege b. scapegoating theory c. intersection theory d. conflict theory

a. white privilege

how is racism different from prejudice? a. Racism is prejudice combined with discrimination. b. Racism is prejudice plus institutional power. c. Prejudice is an attitude; racism is an action. d. Racism is a social construct; prejudice is real.

b. Racism is prejudice plus institutional power.

structural mobility occurs when: a. a member of a family belongs to a different class than his or her siblings b. a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes c. an individual moves down the class ladder d. an individual moves up the class ladder

b. a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

If Country A has a Gini coefficient of .37 and Country B has a Gini coefficient of .49, which country has more inequality? a. the GINI coefficient doesn't measure inequality b. country B has more inequality c. country A and country B have essentially the same level of inequality d. country A has more inequality

b. country B has more inequality

Difference in gender: A. Of two women, one wears jeans and boots, while the other wears a skirt and heels. B. Of two men in college, one is attracted to men and the other to women. C. Of two children, one has XY chromosomes and the other has XX.

A. Of two women, one wears jeans and boots, while the other wears a skirt and heels.

Sexism: A. Prejudiced beliefs that value one sex over another. B. Cultural, legal, and institutional practices that present heterosexuality as the only natural sexual identity. C. An ideology and set of institutional practices privileging heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations.

A. Prejudiced beliefs that value one sex over another.

Difference in sexuality: A. Of two women, one wears jeans and boots, while the other wears a skirt and heels. B. Of two men in college, one is attracted to men and the other to women. C. Of two children, one has XY chromosomes and the other has XX.

B. Of two men in college, one is attracted to men and the other to women.

In terms of gender inequality, what does the term "second shift" mean? A. Men are more likely than women to work two jobs. B. Women in the paid labor force do the majority of unpaid work at home. C. Men in the paid labor force do the majority of unpaid work at home. D. Women are more likely than men to work two jobs.

B. Women in the paid labor force do the majority of unpaid work at home.

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's ______________. A. sex B. gender C. both sex and gender D. none of the above.

B. gender

Based on a 2005 survey, which of the following is true about attitudes towards sex education and absitenence? A. Most people think teaching about abstinence is not important B. Most respondents thought that providing information about safe-sex practices would make teens more likely to have sex earlier. C. Almost half of the respondents supported and "abstinence plus" program. D. Most respondents felt sex education should be Abstinence only.

C. Almost half of the respondents supported and "abstinence plus" program.

Heterosexism: A. Prejudiced beliefs that value one sex over another. B. Cultural, legal, and institutional practices that present heterosexuality as the only natural sexual identity. C. An ideology and set of institutional practices privileging heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations.

C. An ideology and set of institutional practices privileging heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations.

Which term is used to describe a person whose chromosomes or sex characteristics are neither exclusively male nor exclusively female? A. Intrasex B. Secondary sex characteristics C. Intersex D. Primary sex characteristics

C. Intersex

Difference in sex: A. Of two women, one wears jeans and boots, while the other wears a skirt and heels. B. Of two men in college, one is attracted to men and the other to women. C. Of two children, one has XY chromosomes and the other has XX.

C. Of two children, one has XY chromosomes and the other has XX.

Jim Crow laws in the former Confederate States. A. Expulsion B. Assimilation C. Segregation

C. Segregation

What was the "Defense of Marriage Act" (DOMA)? A. The Hawaii Supreme Court ruling that marriage discrimination was unconstitutional B. California's Proposition 8, banning same-sex marriage C. U.S. Congressional legislation limiting the definition of "marriage" to a union between one man and one woman. D. The U.S. Supreme Court ruling guarantying the freedom to marry nation-wide for same-sex couples.

C. U.S. Congressional legislation limiting the definition of "marriage" to a union between one man and one woman.

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": A. Only when they apply to our biological sex. B. During half of our activities C. Only if we are actively following gender roles. D. All of the time, in everything we do.

D. All of the time, in everything we do.

Before 1973, the American Psychological Association defined homosexuality as being abnormal or a disorder. Today the APA sees homosexuality as a normal aspect of human sexuality. The influence of this "labeling" reflects which theoretical perspective? A. Functionalism B. Rational Choice Theory C. Conflict Theory D. Symbolic Interactionism

D. Symbolic Interactionism

Using the National Urban League's Equality Index Charts, which statement below correctly describes the comparisons among Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics, between 2005 and 2018? A. The inequality between Hispanics and Whites stayed basically the same. Blacks showed a slight increase in equality compared to Whites. B. Blacks and Hispanics showed a slight increase in equality compared to Whites. C. Blacks and Hispanics showed a slight decrease in equality compared to Whites. D. The inequality between Blacks and Whites stayed basically the same. Hispanics showed a slight increase in equality compared to Whites.

D. The inequality between Blacks and Whites stayed basically the same. Hispanics showed a slight increase in equality compared to Whites.

In 2010, in what racial group did the Census Bureau categorize Middle-Eastern Americans? A. Arab B. Other C. Middle Eastern D. White

D. White

The term _________ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave. A. sexual attitudes B. sexual orientation C. gender bias D. gender role

D. gender role

what factor makes caste systems closed? a. they exist only in rural areas b. people cannot change their social standings c. they are run by secretive governments d. most have been outlawed

b. people cannot change their social standings

Wallerstein's World Systems Approach terminology - very little industrialization, or outdated. Unstable governments. Economically dependent: a. core nations b. peripheral nations c. semi-peripheral nations d. developing nation e. industrial nation

b. peripheral nations

which of the following statements about race is true? a. race is not real b. race is a social construct c. there is a race chromosome in our DNA d. race is defined by physical characteristics

b. race is a social construct

Social stratification is a system that: a. allows society members to choose their social standing b. ranks society members into categories c. reflects personal choices of society members d. destroys competition between society members

b. ranks society members into categories

a policy maker wants to recalculate poverty based on a set percentage of the median income for each metropolitan area in the United States instead of a national average. This is an example of ___________ poverty. a. median b. relative c. absolute d. variable

b. relative

In the United States, the one-drop rule broadly separated people into "black" and "white." Under apartheid in South Africa, there were four racial categories. In Brazil there are up to a dozen racial categories depending on whom you ask. What general insight can we draw from these differences in racial categories? a. Brazil is a more diverse society than either South Africa or the United States, b. The United States has had stricter laws against miscegenation than either South Africa or Brazil. c. There are more blacks in the United States than in South Africa or Brazil, which influenced how racism was manifested. d. Racial categories are social constructs, not biological absolutes that transcend time and place.

d. Racial categories are social constructs, not biological absolutes that transcend time and place.

Stereotypes can be based on: a. race b. ethnicity c. gender d. all of the above

d. all of the above

a ______________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealth corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure. a. conflict theory b. feminist c. symbolic interactionist d. functional

d. functional

engaged coexistence of distinct racial or ethnic groups. a. amalgamation b. assimilation c. segregation d. pluralism

d. pluralism

what intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor? a. amalgamation b. assimilation c. segregation d. pluralism

d. pluralism