SOC 170 - Quiz 4

Having a parent in prison puts a child at greater risk of: a. Suffering financial hardship b. Reduced supervision c. Reduced discipline d. All of these

All of these

Which of the following reasons could contribute to an offender being denied probation? a. Conviction of multiple charges b. Were on parole at the time of their arrest c. Using a weapon during the commission of a crime d. All of these

All of these

In the ____ prison, the buildings form a square around an open space, and to get from one facility to another, the inmates go across that space. a. Campus style b. Courtyard style c. Radial design d. Telephone-pole design

Courtyard style

In general, the conditions placed on a probationer fall into three categories. Which of the following is not one of these conditions? a. Cumulative conditions b. Punitive conditions c. Standard conditions d. Treatment conditions

Cumulative conditions

What level of home monitoring requires offenders to be in their homes at specific hours, usually at night? a. Curfew b. Home detention c. Home incarceration d. Home probation

Curfew

A process by which the government seizes private property attached to criminal activity is: a. Community service b. Fines c. Forfeiture d. Restitution

Forfeiture

Day reporting centers were first used in a. Norway b. United States c. Australia d. Great Britain

Great Britain

About ______________ of all probationers have been found guilty of a felony. a. One-tenth b. One-third c. One-half d. Three-fourths

One-half

This is the criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control and surveillance of the American corrections system. a. Diversion b. Reintegration c. Scared Straight d. Widening the net

Widening the net

The prosecutor demands that Sandra be required to remain at home at all times and should only be allowed to leave her home for medical emergencies. This type of sentence is referred to as: a. curfew b. home detention c. home incarceration d. shock incarceration

home incarceration

The first step of the revocation process is the arraignment. ANS: F REF: p. 293 OBJ: LO 5

False

Almost two-thirds of jails in this country house fewer than: a. 100 inmates b. 25 inmates c. 50 inmates d. 200 inmates

50 inmates

Offenders sentenced to shock incarceration usually spend ____ in prison or jail before being released and resentenced to probation. a. 90 days b. 6 months c. 9 months d. 1 year

90 days

The management structures of both police agencies and correctional facilities are similar in that both have: a. A chain of command b. Continuity of purpose c. A decentralized leadership structure d. A military structure

A chain of command

The ideal probation officer-offender relationship is based on supervision and authority. ANS: F REF: p. 292 OBJ: LO 4

False

Probation is the least common form of punishment in the United States. ANS: F REF: p. 289 OBJ: LO 2

False

Which form of shock incarceration was modeled after military basic training, emphasizing strict discipline, manual labor, and physical training? a. Boot camp b. Intensive supervision probation c. Pretrial diversion program d. Scared straight

Boot camp

What type of prison design is characterized by having housing units scattered among functional units such as the dining room, recreation area, and treatment centers? a. Campus style b. Courtyard style c. Radial design d. Telephone-pole design

Campus style

The main difference between police agencies and correctional facilities is that correctional facilities sometimes lack: a. A chain of command b. Bureaucracy c. Continuity of purpose d. A military structure

Continuity of purpose

What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender wearing a device around the wrist, ankle, or neck, which sends out a continuous signal? a. Programmed contact b. Programmed dialers c. Continuous signaling d. Continuous dialers

Continuous signaling

Most jails are administered by: a. Municipal police b. County sheriffs c. State government d. Federal government

County sheriffs

Probationers who commit technical violations are very likely to have their probation revoked. ANS: F REF: p. 293 OBJ: LO 5

False

A community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for the purpose of treatment, education, and incapacitation is a: a. Day reporting center b. Treatment center c. Pretrial diversion program d. Probation office

Day reporting center

The incentive to privatize is primarily to: a. Best rehabilitate inmates b. Decrease the cost of incarceration c. Increase public safety d. Increase the salaries of correctional officers

Decrease the cost of incarceration

A strategy to keep those offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and toward community-based and intermediate sanctions is: a. Deterrence b. Diversion c. Incapacitation d. Reintegration

Diversion

The prosecutor in the case expresses concern that Scott is headed down the wrong path and a little prison time shake him up. The defense attorney in the case believes that it is not necessary to imprison Scott for this offense. Even though the law states that Scott can serve up to five years in a state prison for his offense, his attorney believes that prison resources are too scarce and that Scott is an offender who qualifies for a community-based sanction. This practice is known as: a. Diversion b. Incapacitation c. Reintegration d. Specific deterrence

Diversion

A majority of states limit Intensive Supervision Probation to offenders who: a. Do not have a previous conviction b. Do not have a prior probation violation c. Do not have a drug problem d. Do not have a job

Do not have a prior probation violation

At ____, good behavior was rewarded by early release, and misbehavior was punished with extended time under a three-grade system of classification. a. The Auburn Prison b. The Eastern Penitentiary c. Elmira d. The Western Penitentiary

Elmira

Eventually, the penitentiary at Walnut Street succumbed to the same problems that continue to plague institutions of confinement. What were these problems? a. Excessive costs and overcrowding b. Excessive costs and intruding politics c. Intruding politics and overcrowding d. Overcrowding and violence

Excessive costs and overcrowding

Anger control therapy is an example of a punitive condition of probation. ANS: F REF: p. 292-293 OBJ: LO 4

False

Conditions such as fines, restitution, and drug testing are considered standard conditions of probation. ANS: F REF: p. 291 OBJ: LO 4

False

Every offender is eligible for probation.

False

Home detention is the strictest form of home monitoring. ANS: F REF: p. 300 OBJ: LO 8

False

In larger jurisdictions the same probation officers prepare the presentence investigative report and supervise offenders. ANS: F REF: p. 292 OBJ: LO 4

False

Intensive Supervision Probation (ISP) clients typically have lower violation rates than traditional probationers. ANS: F REF: p. 299 OBJ: LO 7

False

On successful completion of a drug court program, the offender is usually rewarded by: a. Having all charges against them dropped b. Spending a limited time in jail c. Spending a limited time in prison d. Spending a limited time on probation

Having all charges against them dropped

Which of the following is not one of the roles performed by jails? a. Hold individuals convicted of felonies b. Receive individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial c. Temporarily detaining juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities d. Hold the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities

Hold individuals convicted of felonies

A community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their homes is called: a. Home confinement b. Intensive supervision probation c. Pretrial diversion program d. Shock incarceration

Home confinement

What level of home monitoring requires that offenders remain home at all times, with exceptions being made for education, employment, counseling, or other specified activities such as the purchase of food, or in some instances attendance at religious ceremonies? a. Curfew b. Home detention c. Home incarceration d. Home probation

Home detention

The most restrictive level of home monitoring is: a. Curfew b. Home detention c. Home incarceration d. Electronic monitoring

Home incarceration

What level of home monitoring requires the offender to remain home at all times, save for medical emergencies? a. Curfew b. Home detention c. Home incarceration d. Home probation

Home incarceration

Which of the following is not one of the options of intermediate sanctions that judges have in sentencing? a. Community service b. Fines c. Imprisonment d. Restitution

Imprisonment

High rates of incarceration likely lead to: a. Higher rates of criminal offending b. Greater democratic participation c. Increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated d. A decline in the unemployment rate

Increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated

At sentencing Sandra's defense attorney suggests a punishment-oriented form of probation where she will be placed under strict and more frequent surveillance than conventional probation. This punishment is known as: a. Intensive Supervision Probation b. Intermediate Supervision Probation c. Shock Supervision Probation d. Extreme Supervision Probation

Intensive Supervision Probation

A punishment-oriented form of probation in which the offender is placed under stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than conventional probation by probation officers with limited caseloads is a(n): a. Day reporting center b. Home confinement c. Intensive supervision probation d. Pretrial diversion program

Intensive supervision probation

Because Sandra is young and this is her first felony conviction as an adult, the judge is reluctant to sentence her to prison because he thinks it would be too harsh and counterproductive. However, he thinks that she requires stricter supervision than supplied by probation. What would be a likely sentence for Sandra in this situation? a. Atypical sanctions b. Intermediate sanctions c. Special sanctions d. Technical sanctions

Intermediate sanctions

Which of the following is true regarding intermediate sanctions? a. Intermediate sanctions are less restrictive than probation and more restrictive than imprisonment b. Intermediate sanctions provide a number of additional sentencing options for wrongdoers who require stricter supervision than that supplied by standard probation c. Intermediate sanctions are not designed to match specific punishment and treatment of an individual offender with a corrections program that reflects the offender's situation d. Intermediate sanctions are not intended to alleviate pressure on overcrowded facilities and understaffed probation departments

Intermediate sanctions provide a number of additional sentencing options for wrongdoers who require stricter supervision than that supplied by standard probation

Which of the following is a correctional facility, usually operated by county government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors? a. Jail b. Maximum-security prison c. Medium-security prison d. Minimum-security prison

Jail

Which type of facility is responsible for receiving individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial? a. Jail b. Maximum-security prison c. Medium-security prison d. Minimum-security prison

Jail

If an offender chooses to attend drug court, they place themselves in the hands of a ____ who will enforce a mixture of treatment and sanctions in an attempt to cure their addiction. a. Judge b. Jury c. Probation officer d. Prosecutor

Judge

Custodial employees in prisons, those who deal directly with inmates, a. Make up more than three-quarters of a prison's staff b. Make up more than half of a prison's staff c. Make up approximately 40% of a prison's staff d. Make up 100% of a prison's staff, because all employees are categorized as custodial

Make up more than half of a prison's staff

Inmates who compile extensive misconduct records are usually housed, along with violent and repeat offenders, in ____. a. Jail b. Maximum-security c. Medium-security d. Minimum-security

Maximum-security

Which level of prisons is considered a correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prevent escape, with intense supervision, cement walls, and electronic, barbed wire fences? a. Maximum-security prisons b. Medium-security prisons c. Minimum-security prisons d. Supermax prisons

Maximum-security prisons

The ____ held that institutions should offer a variety of programs and therapies to cure inmates of their "ills," whatever their root causes. a. Congregate system b. Medical model c. Separate confinement system d. Supermax system

Medical model

Which level of prisons is defined as "a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restrictive measures to avoid violence and escapes?" a. Maximum-security prisons b. Medium-security prisons c. Minimum-security prisons d. Supermax prisons

Medium-security prisons

In which cases did the Court rule that probationers were entitled to an attorney during the revocation process? a. Morrisey v. Brewer b. Gagnon v. Scarpelli c. Minnesota v. Murphy d. Mempa v. Rhay

Mempa v. Rhay

Which level of prisons is defined as a "correctional institution designed to allow inmates, most of whom pose low security risks, a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world?" a. Maximum-security prisons b. Medium-security prisons c. Minimum-security prisons d. Supermax prisons

Minimum-security prisons

If Pennsylvania's prisons were designed to transform wrongdoers into honest citizens, those in New York focused on: a. Idleness b. Obedience c. Silence d. Privacy

Obedience

This is an early form of correctional facility that emphasized separating inmates from society and from one another so that they would have an environment in which to reflect on their wrongdoing, and ponder their reformation. a. Jail b. Penitentiary c. Prison d. Supermax facility

Penitentiary

In what state was the first penitentiary opened? a. Chicago b. Illinois c. New York d. Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

While Sandra is serving her sentence in the community, she failed to satisfy the conditions of her probation sentence. What would be the first stage in her probation revocation? a. Preliminary hearing b. Revocation hearing c. Revocation sentencing d. Trial

Preliminary hearing

What is an alternative to trial offered by a judge or prosecutor, in which the offender agrees to participate in a specified counseling treatment program in return for withdrawal of the charges? a. Day reporting center b. Home confinement c. Pretrial diversion program d. Probation office

Pretrial diversion program

Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited for the growth in incarcerated populations? a. Federal prison growth b. Increased probability of incarceration c. Inmates serving more time for each crime d. Private prisons

Private prisons

The most common form of punishment in the United States is: a. Imprisonment b. Probation c. Community service d. Restitution

Probation

What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender being contacted periodically by telephone or beeper to verify his or her whereabouts? a. Programmed contact b. Programmed dialers c. Receiver-contacts d. Receiver-dialers

Programmed contact

Which prison design is composed of a "wagon-wheel"-like structure that was created with the dual goals of separation and control? a. Campus style b. Courtyard style c. Radial design d. Telephone-pole design

Radial design

Reintegration has a strong theoretical basis in the ____ philosophy of punishment. a. Retributive b. Incapacitative c. Deterrence d. Rehabilitative

Rehabilitative

Which goal of corrections focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior? a. Deterrence b. Diversion c. Incapacitation d. Reintegration

Reintegration

During this hearing the probation agency presents evidence to support its claim of violation, and the probationer can attempt to refute this evidence. a. Preliminary hearing b. Revocation hearing c. Preliminary sentencing d. Revocation sentencing

Revocation hearing

An essay by ____ provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that rehabilitation efforts did nothing to lower recidivism rates. a. Progressives b. Quakers c. Robert Martinson d. Warden organizations

Robert Martinson

If Sandra is convicted, what would be the most likely reason that she would be denied probation? a. Sandra is a female. b. Sandra is only 18 years old. c. Sandra used a weapon during the commission of the crime. d. Sandra was in a gang.

Sandra used a weapon during the commission of the crime.

Scared Straight and boot camp are two forms of ____. a. Home confinement b. Intensive supervision probation c. Pretrial diversion programming d. Shock incarceration

Shock incarceration

The prosecutor in this case is adamant that Scott serve some jail time. In the plea discussions, the prosecutor suggests that Scott agree to spend 90 days in jail and then he will automatically serve a two year probation sentence. This suggested sentence is known as: a. Boot camp b. Shock incarceration c. Shock probation d. Suspended sentence

Shock probation

In ____, also known as shock probation, the offender is sentenced to a specific amount of time in prison or jail, to be followed by a period of probation. a. Intermittent incarceration b. Shock incarceration c. Suspended sentence d. Split sentence probation

Split sentence probation

Conditions imposed on all probationers are: a. Community b. Punitive c. Standard d. Treatment

Standard

The ____ prison is defined as a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons; it is characterized by extremely strict control and supervision over the inmates, including extensive use of solitary confinement. a. Maximum-security b. Medium-security c. Minimum-security d. Supermax

Supermax

Which level of prisons is relatively rare and extremely controversial due to its overly harsh methods of punishing and controlling the most dangerous prisoners? a. Maximum-security b. Medium-security c. Minimum-security d. Supermax

Supermax

The defense attorney is worried that sending Scott to jail will only make Scott's situation worse. While his court case was pending, Scott got a job at a local grocery store and has started to clean up his act. The defense attorney would prefer that if Scott were to plead guilty to the offense, he would not be required to serve any jail time immediately. He prefers that Scott be given a chance to prove himself and only have to serve time in jail if he reoffends. This type of sentence is known as a(an): a. Boot camp b. Shock incarceration c. Shock probation d. Suspended sentence

Suspended sentence

What is a judicially imposed condition in which an offender is sentenced after being convicted of a crime, but is not required to begin serving the sentence immediately? a. Community corrections b. Probation c. Split sentence probation d. Suspended sentence

Suspended sentence

Disenfranchisement refers to: a. Barring convicts from obtaining driver's licenses b. Taking away a convict's ability to participate in mainstream society c. Taking away the convict's right to vote d. Violating the civil rights of inmates

Taking away the convict's right to vote

Failing to report a change of address is a ____ violation which may result in revocation of probation. a. Common b. Punitive c. Standard d. Technical

Technical

The parties finally agree and Scott is sentenced to three years of probation with no jail time. The judge informs Scott at his sentencing that he must meet all the required conditions of his probation. These conditions include refraining from all criminal activity, staying employed, attending all required meetings with his probation officer and report all address changes. Failing to report a change of address would be considered a(n): a. Extralegal violation b. Legal violation c. Standard violation d. Technical violation

Technical violation

Arguments against private prisons include: a. There is too much red tape involved in their management b. The operators cut corners c. Conditions are primitive and unsanitary d. They are too expensive

The operators cut corners

The idea that the more effectively offenders are controlled, the more likely they are to be caught violating the terms of their conditional release is called _____________________________. a. Widening the net b. The paradox of community corrections c. Diversion d. Reintegration

The paradox of community corrections

Incarceration rates have increased dramatically, particularly due to: a. Terrorism b. Harsher penalties for sex offenders c. The war on drugs d. The increasing number of juveniles tried and incarcerated as adults

The war on drugs

Why does a supermax prison work toward strict control of an inmates' movement within the facility? a. To allow for individual repentance with a religious leader b. To care for the inmate at an individual level c. To limit situations that could lead to breakdowns in discipline d. To provide individual treatment opportunities

To limit situations that could lead to breakdowns in discipline

What is the main purpose of the Supermax prison? a. To allow inmates to have access to the best trained correctional officers b. To house high-profile inmates in a comfortable setting c. To provide rehabilitation to the inmate d. To strictly control the inmates' movements

To strictly control the inmates' movements

The judge has scheduled a conference in his chambers with the prosecutor and the defense attorney. He instructs the two attorneys that he wants a plea deal with an agreed upon sentence the next morning. The judge explains to the prosecutor that many offenders are placed on probation for the same offense that Scott committed and never serve any jail or prison time. The judge further explains that if Scott is placed on probation he will require that Scott attend alcohol counseling and anger-control therapy. These conditions that the judge would order are referred to as: a. Punitive conditions b. Rehabilitative conditions b. Standard conditions d. Treatment conditions

Treatment conditions

An offender is most likely to be denied probation if they seriously injured the victim of the crime. ANS: T REF: p. 290 OBJ: LO 3

True

Boot camp is a variation on traditional shock incarceration. ANS: T REF: p. 299 OBJ: LO 7

True

Community-based corrections are an important means of diverting criminals to alternative modes of punishment so that scarce incarceration resources are consumed by only the most dangerous criminals. ANS: T REF: p. 287 OBJ: LO 1

True

Community-based corrections programs are more cost efficient than incarceration. ANS:T

True

Forfeiture is a process by which the government seizes property gained from or used in criminal activity. ANS: T REF: p. 298 OBJ: LO 6

True

Half of all probationers have been found guilty of a misdemeanor, and half have been found guilty of a felony. ANS: T REF: p. 288 OBJ: LO 3

True

Intermediate sanctions increase the amount of control the state exerts over the individual compared to standard probation. ANS: T REF: p. 302 OBJ: LO 8

True

Most of the rules of evidence that govern regular trials do not play a role in revocation hearings. ANS: T REF: p. 294 OBJ: LO 5

True

Offenders who successfully complete pretrial diversion have the charges pending against them dropped. ANS: T REF: p. 297 OBJ: LO 6

True

Split sentence probation is also known as shock probation. ANS: T REF: p. 289 OBJ: LO 2

True

The ____ is ultimately responsible for the operation of the prison. a. Sheriff b. Attorney General c. Warden d. Chief

Warden

The typical jail term is approximately_____________________. a. ten to thirty days b. thirty to ninety days c. 180 days d. one year

thirty to ninety days