soc 200 chapter 7

avg number of children for women with a bachelor's degree

2.2

avg number of children for women with a high school diploma

2.9

what term describes the division of society into groups arranged by a social hierarchy

social stratification

Principles of Social Stratification

1. maintained through beliefs that are widely shared by members of society 2. social stratification persists over generations 3. characteristic of society 4. different societies use different criteria for ranking their members

place each major poverty policy enacted in the US in chronological order

1. social security 2.medicaid 3. personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act

absolute deprivation

an objective measure of poverty, defined by the inability to meet minimal standards for food, shelter, clothing, or health care

middle class jobs

highly skilled blue collar jobs

creative class

often comprised of individuals in the upper-middle class, can include writers and artists

what term describes the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige members of a society?

social inequality

relative deprivation

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

working poor jobs

seasonal work

which of the following are types of slavery occurring in the world today

sex slavery, human trafficking, serfdom

absolute deprivation examples

- a homeless man steps up on a street corner every day to scrape together whatever he can but often goes hungry and cannot find a place to stay - an underclass family lives paycheck to paycheck and often runs out of money near the end of the week and must seek additional assistance from food banks and churches

relative deprivation examples

- a low income student earns a scholarship to a highly prestigious university. Her peers wear expensive clothes to class and drive nice cars while she wears thrifted clothes and takes the bus. - a lower-middle class family owns a house at the edge of a country where many richer people live. They have many highly educated neighbors nearby and cannot afford to shop at the multitude of upper-middle class stores in the area.

what is true about the trends of college enrollment by income level from 1970 to 2017

- about the same % of middle income high school grads enrolled in college in 2017 as in 1990s - a larger % of all high school grads, regardless of income have been in enrolling in college over time - college enrollment gap between low and high income grads has narrowed from 1970 to 2017

Characteristics of a geographic area that is associated with high levels of social mobility

- less residential segregation - greater family stability -greater social capital -better schools -less income inequality

According to Sara Goldbrick-Rab which groups faced higher levels of food and housing insecurity

-LGBTQ students compared to heterosexuals - women compared to men - community college students compared to university students

social class

-during the course of a lifetime individuals can move up or down levels in the strata - this system is primarily based off of economics

caste

-members must marry within their own group - status within the hierarchy is inherited and cannot be changed

in capitalist societies, social class ranks individuals based on which of the following factors?

Power, Prestige, Property, Wealth

example of income

royalty checks for writing a novel, social security checks

precarious labor

workers in the lower-middle/lower class, includes contract labor, temporary work, or part-time work

underemployment

workers in the lower-middle/lower class, includes individuals whose work doesn't make full use of their skills

avg age at which women with their high school diploma have their first child

24

avg age at which women with a master's degree have their first child

30

True statements of the federal poverty line

In 2019, the poverty threshold was $25,750 for a family of four, $21,330 for a family of three, $16,910 for a family of two, and $12,490 for an individual. - the federal poverty line is an absolute measure - the percentage of people living below the federal poverty line has never dipped below 10%

match each country to the correct aspects of history, economics and stratification.

Iran: country was transformed from a constitutional monarchy to a theocracy in 1979; religion is a primary factor for maintaining social and economic positions in this country. Sweden: the top tax rate in this country is 60%; a great number of social services are provided by the government in this country. Brazil: slaves were imported to this country through the mid-1800s; intermarriage has eliminated clearly defined racial groups, but skin color still largely defines an individual's place in society.

social stratification in one form or another is present in all societies.

TRUE

social class percents of the US population

Upper Class: 1% Under Class: 12% Working Poor: 13% Upper-Middle Class: 14% Middle Class/working class: 30%

working (lower-middle) class jobs

clerical jobs

Sociologist Jessi Streib found that many unanticipated conflicts can crop up in what kind of marriages?

cross- class! conflicts such as differing approaches to career advancement or child-rearing practices.

example of wealth

money in a 401k account, equity in an owner-occupied home, stocks & bonds

upper-middle class jobs

professionals and managers

most individuals from which social class category generally depend on income from salaried for but often are financially stable

upper-middle class

what does max Webster consider the ultimate basis of class divisions

wealth, power, prestige