SOC 204 ch 1-3

Folkways

Rules that govern everyday behavior , Informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture

Harriet Martineau

Argued that we could learn about culture by analyzing the ideas images and themes reflected in popular songs

Sociology

Auguste comte advocated for a systematic study of social behavior that he believed would lead to more rational human interactions calling it..

Quantitative research

Research that emphasize counting things and analyzing mathematically, using large groups of people

scientific method

Systematic method that involves an organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem

Sociology

Systematic study of the relationship between the individual and social behavior, groups, and societies

Conflict Perspective

A sociological approach that assumes social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict, or tension between competing groups, or power over resources, property etc.

Functionalist Perspective

A sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.

Content Analysis

A technique that involved the systematic coding and objective recording of data guided by a given rationale

Sociological theory

A theory that is a set of statements that seeks to explain social problems actions or behavior

sociology

1.systematic study 2.the individual 3.society 4. consequences are the 4 components of..

discovery and invention

2 main forms of innovation

Cultural Universal

A common practice or belief shared by all societies. (eg; athletic sports, community organization, dancing, marriage, property rights)

casual logic

A relationship exists between variables in which change in one brings about change in the other

Qualitative Research

A research that relies on what is seen in field or naturalistic setting mores more than statistical data

Dominant Ideology

A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests

Social

According to durkheim humans are all above __________ beings

Universals

All societies have developed certain common practices, such as funeral ceremonies, medicine, and clothing that sociologists call "cultural _____"

Operational Definition

An _____ ______ transforms an abstract concept into indicators that are observable and measurable, allowing researchers to assess the concept

Participant Observation

An approach when the sociologist joins the group for a period of time to get an accurate sense of how it operates.Also the most common way of collecting qualitative data is through

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation, society, culture or ethnic group.

social

Beliefs, values, ways of behaving are ____ facts.

Peter Berger

Believed things aren't always what they seem, to have a "new light of the world"

C. Wright Mills

Believes one way to develop our sociological imagination is to distinguish the difference between private trouble & public issues

Graham sumner

Coined ethnocentrism

W.E.B Du Bois

Combined an analysis of everyday lived experiences with a commitment to investigating power and inequality based on race

Within a broader social context

Durkheim believed that understanding human behavior required looking at the behavior...

Anomie

Durkheim's notion on the loss of direction felt by individual when social control is ineffective

Emile Durkheim

Established Europe's first department of sociology at the university of Bordeauxin 1895

Culture

Everything humans create in establishing our relationships to nature with one another

Qualitative

Focuses on listening and observing people and allowing them to speak about their lives.

Auguste Comte

French sociologist and philosopher sought to est. a science of society that would reveal the basic laws of society

Values

General, shared ideas about the way things are- concerning how the world appears and where an individual fits in

The individual

Going to school, work is optional, we don't have to go but we choose to is an example of..

Ethnomethodology

Harold Garfinkel's term for the study of how people make sense of their everyday surroundings, the importance of societies rules and violating them and observing others reactions

Systematic study

Ignore beliefs and authority of others, sociologist engage in all societies throughout the world to gather data in 2 ways; Quantitative, and qualitative.

Mores

Important norms, the violation of which results in severe punishment.

Cultural Domination

In practice globalization has led to _____ _____ of developing nations by more affluent ones

C. Wright Mills

In the definition of Sociological Imagination, by "history" he meant not just the times by which we live but also our positions in society and the resources to which we have access to

Macrosociology

Much of durkheim's, weber's, and marx's work involves..

Material Culture

Natural and human created objects to which people attach meaning

Non Material

Non tangible, values, beliefs, norms

culture lag

Ogburn's term for a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions.

Individualism, interdependence

Our _________ is made possible by our _____

Cultural Relativism

Practicing the sociological imagination requires us to apply the principle of..

relationships, social networks

Society consists of persistent patterns of _____ and _____ _____

Organic analogy

Society is like a living organism; Functionalism

Karl marx

Sociologist focused on the significance of power and control over resources and how it played in how social order

Emile durkheim

Sociologist who believed society needs order and stability; functionalism

William F. Ogburn

Sociologist who coined the term culture lag

William F Whyte

Sociologist who moved into a low income neighborhood in Boston

Economic, cultural, and social

Sociology looks at what 3 resources are distributed and at the implications of these patterns?

Symbolic interactionism

Something we create, maintain,and transform social structure, through our daily interactions with one another; how we interact and respond (Agreed with Weber, Mead)

Argot

Specialized language used by member of a group or subculture

Aristocracy

The decline while democracy was spreading people were moving from primary reliance on religious explanation to more scientific ones

Agency

The freedom individuals have to choose and to act

Detachment

The issue of _____ became controversial for social scientists embedded with the U.S military in Afghanistan and Iraq

Innovation

The process of introducing a new idea or object to culture; interest sociologists because it can have a ripple effect across society

Ethnography

The study of an entire social setting through systematic observation (Qualitative research)

Clinical sociology

The use of sociology to alter organizations or restructure social institutions

Social exchange theory

Theory that individuals are motivated by self-interests and benefits in their interactions with other people; Homans Blau

False

True or False: Cultural values are uniformly shared among all members of society

Quantitative

Using surveys on participants to gather data is an example of..

Group identifications and associations

What did 2 things did Karl Marx emphasize that had an influence an individual's place in society?

Interdependent Relationship

What relationship is argued by researchers, that exists between genes and the environment?

Max weber

What sociologist offered a more general theory of power that was less wedded to capitalism and ownership of the means for production?

Erving Goffman

What sociologist popularized the dramaturgical approach; compares everyday life to the setting of the theatre and stage and sees people as performers

c. Wright Mills

What sociologist that described sociological imagination as "our ability to see the interaction between history and biography"?

The consequences of difference

What term looks at how economic, social, and cultural resources are distributed and obstacles they create for individuals and groups?

Conflict Theorists

What theorists would argue that dominant ideology maintains the privileges of certain social groups who act in their own self-interest to keep others subservient positions?

Secondary analysis

When researchers use previously collected information and data in their research

William F. Ogburn

Who distinguished between material and non material culture in his two fold model of culture

Because it helps further understanding of our behaviors and gives sociological research focus

Why is developing sociological theory so important?

Norms

Written and unwritten rules that specify behaviors appropriate and inappropriate in a social situation

Harriet Martineau

Wrote the first book on sociological methods "society in america" which examined religion, politics, child rearing and immigration; gave special attention to race, class

Ida B. Wells- Barnett

Wrote the perspectives of an african american woman and used her analysis of society as a means of combating oppression

Sociological Imagination

_______ ______ involves our recognition of the significance of our location *enables us to see how factors such as age, gender, class etc., shape our perceptions and opportunities

Durkheim, suicide

_______ looked to social forces to find an explanation in contrast to commonsense notions concerning the causes of ______

Dominant ideology

according to Karl Marx a capitalist society has a _____ _____

Language

according to Sapir-Whorf hypothesis _____ shapes our interpretation of reality

Sociological Imagination

an awareness of the relationship between who we are as individual and the social forces that shape our lives

Public Issues

are problems we face as a consequence of the positions we occupy with the larger social structure

Max Weber

argued that although social class and its associated control over material resources may determine who has power in most instances

Karl Marx

concerned with and viewed our creative capacity to transform raw materials into products, and isolation from our fellow workers

Society

core of sociology, consists of persistent patterns of relationships and social networks within which we operate.

c. Wright Mills

created the concept of social imagination

Interactionist

stresses the study of small groups and analysis of everyday experiences and interactions

social dynamics

factors that bring about change

clinical sociologist

family therapy reorganizes medical center

The consequences of difference

in 2004 indian tsunami more men than women lived because men knew how to swim, it was apart of their skills, women only knew how to be the caretaker. this is an example of..

Argot

in the 1940s and 1950s, NY City sanitation workers developed a humorous _____ to describe the dirty and smelly aspect of their job. (slang, specialized language)

Harriet Martineau

introduced the significance of inequality and power into discipline, spoke in favor of women, and slaves

variable

measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions

counterculture

people who live outside mainstream culture and oppose certain aspects of the larger culture

Private Troubles

problems we face in our immediate relationships with particular individuals in our personal lives

Biological needs

social solidarity, control of conflict, adaptation to change, are...

universal

sociobiology stresses ____ aspects of human culture

Laws of society

the principles by which societies hold together and order is maintained

operational definition

transformation of an observable and measurable