SOC 3420 Criminology 9-11
41. Failing to provide a child with the care and shelter to which he or she is entitled is called ______. a. neglect b. abuse c. rage d. battery
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Assault and Battery
42. Violent assault by a motorist who loses control of his or her emotions while driving is called ______. a. road rage b. road termination c. road neglect d. spree rage
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Assault and Battery
44. Psychological and emotional abuse that involves the spreading of smears, rumors, and private information in order to harm his or her partner. a. Relational aggression b. Recreational aggression c. Acquaintance aggression d. Feticide
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Assault and Battery
28. Frank is a drug user. Frank robs a store to support his heroin habit. This is an example of _______. a. economic compulsive behavior b. pharmacological violence c. systemic violence d. psychopharmacological violence
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Causes of Violence
29. A segment of society in which violence has become legitimized by the custom and norms of that group. a. Subculture of violence b. Economic compulsive behavior c. Systemic link d. Pharmacological violence
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Causes of Violence
31. Catherine and Gloria regularly crush up prescription pain meds at work and snort them. When they do this they usually become confrontational with coworkers as a result. This is a ______. a. psychopharmacological relationship b. compulsive relationship c. systemic relationship d. stratified relationship
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Causes of Violence
49. Workplace violence is the third leading cause of occupational injury or death. Who is the typical offender in incidents of workplace violence? a. A middle-aged white male facing termination b. A middle-aged white female facing termination c. A middle-aged black female facing termination d. A middle-aged black male facing termination
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Interpersonal Violence
46. Which of the following is not true about Lone-actor terrorists? a. All suffer from either depression or a mental disorder. b. The Boston bombing is considered a lone-actor event. c. Many lone-actors have previous military experience. d. Many see themselves as outcasts or socially unequal.
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
48. Which of the following is not one of the political terrorist groups listed in the text? a. Boko Haram b. Posse Comitatus c. Aryan Nation d. Ku Klux Klan
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
49. The Animal Liberation Front (ALF) would fall into which of the following categories of terrorism? a. Political b. Revolutionary c. Nationalist d. Retributive
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
50. Which of the following terrorist groups want to impose their social and religious code of ethics on others? a. Retributive b. Political c. Nationalist d. Criminal
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
51. Terrorism which occurs when a repressive government regime forces its citizens into obedience? a. State-sponsored terrorism b. Lone wolf terrorism c. Criminal terrorism d. Retributive terrorism
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
55. The National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism's (START) most recent data (2013) revealed all of the following except ______. a. more than 65 percent of terrorist acts occurred in Europe and South America b. about 12,000 terrorist attacks occur a year c. terrorism is rapidly evolving d. the Syrian conflict empowered ISIL to expand its cross-border operations into Iraq
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Extent of the Terrorism Threat
33. Developmental theories attempt to provide a natural history of criminal careers by encompassing ______. a. its onset, continuation, and termination b. delinquency and criminal behaviors c. unidimensional and multidimensional treatment efforts d. offenders' race/ethnicity, age, and gender
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Foundations of Developmental Theory
52. In their general theory of crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi consider the criminal offender and the criminal act as _______concepts. a. separate b. balanced c. competing d. opposite
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: General Theory of Crime (GTC)
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Applying 62. Doctors have told Catherine's parents that her behavior is lacking thought or deliberation in decision making. This behavior would be considered ______. a. impulsive b. imprudent c. controlling d. age graded
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: General Theory of Crime (GTC)
49. According to latent trait theory, when does a latent trait appear? a. At birth or soon after b. During childhood c. During adolescence d. During early adulthood
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Latent Trait/ Propensity Trait
40. Using data from a longitudinal study of Pittsburgh youth, Loeber identified distinct pathways to crime. Which pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior? a. The authority conflict pathway b. The covert pathway c. The overt pathway d. The late bloomer pathway
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Life Course Theory
41. Life course theories integrate personal, social, socialization, situational, and cognitive factors to explain human behavior. Personality and intelligence are __________ factors that can explain the onset and continuation of criminality. a. personal b. social c. socialization d. cognitive
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Life Course Theory
38. First-degree murder occurs when a person kills another after _______ and deliberation. a. premeditation b. anger c. purpose d. malice
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Murder and Homicide
31. Which of the following is not one of the four goals of political criminals in the text? a. Economic b. Profit c. Intimidation d. Conviction
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Political Crimes
33. Sexual relations between an underage minor female and an adult male. a. Statutory rape b. Systemic rape c. Marital rape d. Sadistic rape
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Rape
34. Diana Russel's concept of the virility mystique reflects which causal factor of why men commit rape? a. Male socialization b. Psychological abnormality c. Social learning d. Evolution
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Rape
56. Government official charged with coordinating data from the nations' primary intelligence gathering agencies a. Director of National Intelligence b. Director of Joint Agency Alignment c. Supervisor of Internal Affairs d. Administrator of Terrorism Taskforce
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Response to Terrorism
57. On October 26, 2001, Congress passed the ______________ giving U.S. Law Enforcement a freer hand at investigating terrorists. a. USA Patriot Act b. U.S. Anti-Terrorism Act c. Federal Lautenberg Act d. George W. Bush Exemption Act
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Response to Terrorism
45. Some robbers target people they know, a phenomenon referred to as ______. a. acquaintance robbery b. bias robbery c. neighborhood heist d. relational aggression
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Robbery
43. Which of the following terms originated from a rebellion against French troops in the early 1800s? a. Guerilla b. Coup c. Terrorist d. Insurgent
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Terrorism
57. A pathway to deviance that begins at an early age with stubborn behavior and leads to property damage, and eventually escalates to more serious forms of theft and fraud. a. Authority conflict pathway b. Overt pathway c. Covert pathway d. Design pathway
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Trajectory Theory
58. A pathway to a criminal career that begins with minor aggression and eventually escalates to violent crime. a. Overt pathway b. Covert pathway c. Golden pathway d. Authority conflict pathway
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Trajectory Theory
59. According to psychologist Terrie Moffit, most young offenders follow one of two paths; adolescent-limited and ______. a. life course persisters b. age of onsetters c. adolescent pre-disposers d. abstainers
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Trajectory Theory
60. Adolescents who do not engage in any deviant behavior, a path which places them outside the norm for their age group are called ______. a. abstainers b. absentee criminals c. non-utilitarians d. double marginalizationers
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Trajectory Theory
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Applying 63. If Catherine's criminal behavior began with minor behavior (shoplifting, lying) and eventually escalated to more serious forms of criminality, such as using stolen credit cards or dealing drugs, she most likely would be considered as taking which of the following pathways? a. Covert b. Authority conflict c. Overt d. Avoidance
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Trajectory Theory
34. This type of election fraud occurs when voters are scared away from polls because of threats. a. Intimidation b. Misinformation c. Disruption d. Vote buying
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes
36. An act of disloyalty to one's nation. a. Treason b. Subversion c. Sedition d. Duplicity
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes
37. Robert Hanssen, a former counterintelligence agent with the FBI, who the movie Breach was about, is one of the most famous cases of ______. a. espionage b. voter fraud c. treason d. murder
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes
38. An act that causes severe pain or suffering, whether physical or psychological, that is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining a confession or information. a. Torture b. State anguish c. Afflict d. Political torts
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes
39. Robert Hanssen, a former FBI counterintelligence officer, was arrested in 2001 for selling secrets to which nation? Hanssen's case is considered one the most severe forms of espionage reported and was part of 2007 film titled The Breach. a. Russia b. China c. Germany d. North Korea
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes
40. Which of the following is not one of the ways listed in the text that foreign governments attempt to infiltrate businesses in attempts to gain sensitive information? a. Data mining U.S. companies with headquarters abroad b. Conferences and trade shows c. Official foreign visitors d. Exploitation of joint research
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes
41. Many argue that the government and law enforcement should be allowed to use any means necessary to subdue terrorists or to prevent the destruction of lives and property in an example called the ______. a. ticking bomb scenario b. Dzhokhar principle c. at -all-costs- scenario d. exception clause
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes
32. Which of the following is not one of Borum's cognitive stages for political crime? a. It's just started. b. It's not fair. c. It's your fault. d. You're evil.
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes LEARNING OBJECTIVES: JUVE.SIEG.17.11.02 33. Which of the following is not true about election fraud according to the text? a. In some third-world nations' dictatorships, election fraud is the norm. b. Election fraud has existed as a feature of political life since Roman times. c. Election fraud was the third leading cause of arrests for U.S. politicians over the last two decades. d. Flyers containing misleading information about opponents is a primary method of election fraud. -) ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes
52. Syria, Libya, and Iraq have all lost control of their own territory and have been unable to provide services and protection to their citizens with the rise of ISIS. These countries would be examples of a ______. a. failed state b. freed state c. collapsed state d. crisis state
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: What Motivates the Terrorist?
54. The view that holds that terrorists join networks of terror because they are homesick while in foreign nations and seek out people with similar backgrounds whom they often find in mosques or other religious settings. a. Socialization view b. Ideological view c. Domestication view d. Nationalistic view
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: What Motivates the Terrorist?
43. Sampson and Laub's research indicates that building __________ and strong social bonds reduces the likelihood of long-term deviance. a. knowledge b. social capital c. marketable skills d. financial capital
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Age-Graded Theory
30. The Uniform Crime Report indicates that __________ of all murders and about 40 percent of all robberies involve firearms. a. 33 percent b. 70 percent c. 50 percent d. 90 percent
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Causes of Violence
31. The integrative methodology in the early research of __________ formed the basis of today's developmental approach. a. Keith J. Bell and Paul M. Klenowski b. Eleanor Glueck and Sheldon Glueck c. Rolf Loeber and Marc LeBlanc d. Marvin Wolfgang and Terri Moffitt
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Foundations of Developmental Theory
35. How do life course theorists view criminality? a. As an inflexible process b. As a dynamic process c. As an opportunity-driven process d. As a static process
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Foundations of Developmental Theory
51. Which of the following statements regarding gender differences and the general theory of crime is accurate? a. The GTC predicts gender differences in self-control and crime. b. There is little evidence that males are more impulsive than females. c. Females are more likely to persist in crime due to low self-control. d. Male juvenile offenders exhibit greater impulse control than female juvenile offenders until approximately 16 years of age when levels equalize.
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: General Theory of Crime (GTC)
54. Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to ______. a. lack of education b. inadequate child-rearing practices c. weak social bonds d. peer associations
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: General Theory of Crime (GTC)
50. According to Wilson and Herrnstein's crime and human nature view, a criminal incident occurs when an individual chooses criminal over conventional behavior. What factor influences that choice? a. Social capital b. A latent trait c. Low self-control d. Peer influence
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Latent Trait/ Propensity Theory
43. Murder of a very young child. a. Filicide b. Infanticide c. Eldercide d. Pesticide
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Murder and Homicide
32. The common law definition of rape derives from the Latin word rapere meaning ______ and is defined as "the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will." a. to take by right b. to take by force c. to take by surprise d. to take by compulsion
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Rape
35. According to Groth, 40 percent of rapists he studied were ______. a. sexually victimized as adults b. sexually victimized as adolescents c. priests d. teachers and or coaches
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Rape
37. In the 1991 case of Michigan v. Lucas, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the validity of ______ that protect women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears on the case. a. immunity laws b. shield laws c. protection laws d. Hurley laws
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Rape
42. Life course theorists examine offending patterns and trends. Terrie Moffit describes adolescent-limited offenders as ______. a. angry adolescents b. typical teenagers c. classic persisters d. standard youth
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Trajectory Theory
35. Which of the following is not true of treason? a. There have actually been less than 40 prosecutions for treason in the entire history of the United States. b. Helping an enemy in the time of war is considered a war crime and is not treason. c. Many nations have applied the death penalty for treason. d. Treason is the only crime mentioned in the U.S. Constitution.
ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Types of Political Crimes
48. Which of the following statements is inaccurate in terms of the empirical research supporting Laub and Sampson's age-graded theory? a. Criminality appears to be dynamic and is affected by behaviors occurring over the life course. b. People who get involved with the justice system as adolescents may find that their career paths are blocked well into adulthood. c. Criminal career trajectories are impossible to reverse, even if life conditions improve. d. Accumulating social capital reduces crime rates.
ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Age-Graded Theory
27. Children exposed to violence at home, at school, or in the environment may adopt violent methods themselves. Which children are most likely to engage in violent behavior? a. Children exposed to a single act of gun violence b. Children exposed to violence in the home c. Children exposed to violence in the home and who live in a neighborhood with high violence rates d. Children living in areas marked by extreme violence
ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Causes of Violence
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Applying 25. Personal traits can account for violent behavior. Psychologist Dorothy Ottnow Lewis found that murderous youths often suffer signs of ___________. a. genetic impairments b. intellectual dysfunction c. neurological impairments d. personality disorders
ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Causes of Violence
45. Which of the following is false about the nationalist terrorism group Hezbollah? a. Hezbollah is from the Arabic term "party of God." b. A primary goal is to drive Israeli troops out of Lebanon c. United States and its allies have supported Hezbollah in Syria and the Middle East. d. Hezbollah members follow a distinct version of Shia ideology developed in Iran.
ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
34. Latent trait theorists believe human development is controlled by a master trait present at birth or soon after that results in ______. a. low intellectual development b. verbal and physical aggression c. an increased propensity to commit crime d. a reduced ability to interpret social interactions
ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Foundations of Developmental Theory
56. Although criminal offenders are people predisposed to crime, they are not robots who commit crime without restraint. According to the general theory of crime, change in the frequency of criminal activity is a function of ______. a. change in one's level of impulsivity b. change in one's level of self-control c. change in criminal opportunity d. change in environmental conditions
ANSWER: c REFERENCES: General Theory of Crime (GTC)
36. Why is early onset an important factor in crime? a. Because the earlier that antisocial behavior is identified, the earlier that turning points can be implemented b. Because latent traits may have gone unnoticed or unidentified at birth c. Because early onset of antisocial behavior predicts later and more serious criminality d. Because early onset of antisocial behavior is void of the crime-non-crime choice mechanism suggested by Wilson and Herrnstein.
ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Life Course Theory
39. When Diane Whipple died after being attacked by two large dogs in the hallway of her apartment building, one of the dogs' owners was convicted of manslaughter based on the legal principle of ______. a. deliberate awareness b. deliberate premeditation c. deliberate indifference d. deliberate malice
ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Murder and Homicide
46. Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are motivated by a pressing need for ______. a. excitement b. power c. cash d. control
ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Robbery
39. Which is an inaccurate statement about problem behaviors and problem behavior syndrome? a. All varieties of criminal behavior may be a part of a generalized problem behavior syndrome. b. People suffering from one problem behavior condition typically exhibit many symptoms of the rest. c. The more risk factors a person suffers, the greater the likelihood they will engage in antisocial behavior. d. Problem behavior syndrome portrays crime as the product of other social problems.
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 228-229
26. Sigmund Freud believed that human aggression and violence are produced by instinctual drives. ____ is the death instinct that is sometimes expressed externally as violence or internally as suicide and alcoholism. a. Hostility b. Eros c. Narcissism d. Thanatos
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Causes of Violence
47. Most of these hate crime incidents were motivated by ______. a. sexual orientation b. ethnicity c. religion d. race
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Interpersonal Violence
48. Frederick Lawrence argues that criminals motivated by bias deserve to be punished more severely than those who commit identical crimes for other motives. Why is this so? a. Because bias crimes are more likely to be violent and result in serious physical injury to the victim b. Because bias crimes harm not only the victim but also the "target community" c. Because bias crimes violate the shared value of equality among citizens d. Bias crimes should be punished more severely for all these reasons
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Interpersonal Violence
47. Eco-terrorist groups' primary goal is ______. a. to overthrow the current political government b. commit common-law crimes in order for profit to in turn spread their message c. promote hate or religious and ethnic groups d. protection of the environment
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
32. Public policy programs based on developmental theory ______. a. focus on deterrence through strict punishments b. include mechanisms for reintegrating offenders into society c. provide self-help treatments aimed at adult offenders d. feature multisystemic treatments designed for at-risk youths
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Foundations of Development Theory
53. According to the general theory of crime, being adventuresome, physical, and self-centered are all signs that a person possess ______. a. high self-esteem b. low self-esteem c. high self-control d. low self-control
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: General Theory of Crime (GTC)
55. Gottfredson and Hirschi claim that the principles of self-control theory ______. a. predominantly explain violent crime b. predominantly explain property crime c. predominantly explain street crime d. can explain all varieties of criminal behavior
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: General Theory of Crime (GTC)
37. One of the key principles of life course theory is that ______. a. high verbal ability during childhood predicts persistence b. persistent offenders begin their offending careers in late adolescence c. the earlier the onset of criminality, the more specialized and violent the criminal career d. the seeds of a criminal career are planted early in life
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Life Course Theory
38. According to life course theories, criminal opportunity, effective guardianship, and apprehension risk are __________ factors that can explain the onset, continuance, and desistance from crime. a. personal b. social c. cognitive d. situational
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Life Course Theory
40. Research indicates a variety of facts about murder. Which of the following murder facts is inaccurate? a. Over 40 percent of murders in which the attacker can be identified involved an intimate partner. b. Murder tends to be an intraracial crime c. Most murders occur among people who are acquainted. d. Females age 65 or older are more likely than males of the same age to be homicide victims
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Murder and Homicide
36. Unlike any other crime, in a rape case it is essential to prove that the attack was forced and that no question of ____ exists. a. consensual influence b. voluntary manipulation c. consensual authority d. voluntary compliance
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Rape
58. The Department of Homeland Security includes which of the following components? a. Border security b. Emergency preparedness and response c. Chemical and biological countermeasures d. All of the above
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Response to Terrorism
42. Armed military bands that use hit-and-run terror tactics to destabilize the existing government are known as _____. a. profiteers b. insurrectionairies c. mutineers d. guerillas
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Terrorism
53. Terrorists who report that they are products of dysfunctional families in which the father was not present or was distant or cold belong to view of terrorism referred to as ______. a. domestic conflict view b. family opposition view c. domestic opposition view d. family conflict view
ANSWER: d REFERENCES: What Motivates the Terrorist?
45. Laub and Sampson identify life events that enable adult offenders to desist from crime. Accordingly, they identify transitions as short-term events embedded in ______. a. trajectories b. social capital c. marital relationships d. pathways
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Age-Graded Theory
46. According to Laub and Sampson, the life-changing events that alter the development of a criminal career are called ______. a. turning points b. hot spots c. event dependencies d. cumulative disadvantages
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Age-Graded Theory
61. Catherine was adopted at the age of 6. She is currently 14 years of age, attends public high school in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and her mother is a stay-at-home mom, while her father recently lost his job as a lumberjack due to new deforestation laws. Using this information,
ANSWER the following questions. Catherine has been diagnosed with Problem Behavior Syndrome after she began using drugs, began experimenting sexually, and her health declined which is one reason she unsuccessfully attempted suicide. According to PBS, of the three subcategories of the theory, Catherine's issue most likely is ______. a. personal b. functional c. environmental d. overt -) ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Life Course Theory
44. The origin of the term terrorism, the French Revolution's __________________ began in 1795 and was initiated by the revolutionary government. a. Reign of terror b. Trail of tears c. Time of treachery d. Time of terror
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: A Brief History of Terrorism
44. Which of the following is not one of the significant life-changing events that reduces criminality, according to Laub and Sampson? a. Buying a car b. Joining the military c. Getting married d. Getting a job
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Age-Graded Theory
47. Cognitive frameworks that help people quickly process and sort through information are called ______. a. schemas b. latent traits c. criminogenic structure d. impulsive controls
ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Age-Graded Theory
