SOC CH 13

(Q020) Which statement is true about changes in the achievement gap between boys and girls during the past 30 years?

Achievements among girls have improved in many ways, whereas among boys from lower-class backgrounds they have worsened.

(Q018) The achievement gap between black and white students decreases significantly when students from similar socioeconomic background are compared. What does this tell us about the connection between race, class, and educational outcomes?

Much of the achievement gap can be attributed to class.

(Q016) Students' socioeconomic status (SES) reflects parental level of education, employment, and assets, and is a big factor in their educational opportunity and success. What is one nonfinancial boost that parents can provide a student planning to attend college?

Parents with more education can help with a child's more challenging homework.

(Q004) Studies on student achievement have demonstrated that smaller class sizes benefit students significantly. What implications do these studies on smaller class size have?

Smaller class sizes would mean that more resources, such as teachers, classrooms, books, and so forth, would be needed.

(Q012) If success in the workplace typically requires learning on the job, why do Americans place so much emphasis on formal schooling?

The expansion of the education system attracts people who want to remain or become members of the elite.

(Q017) Their ability to deal with bureaucracies and confidence in public social settings allow Liam's parents to be actively involved in his school's Parent Teacher Association. These traits are an example of

cultural capital.

(Q015) One reason why intelligence quotient (IQ) tests correlate highly with academic performance is that the tests were

developed to assess one kind of intelligence found in schools.

(Q011) The number of high school and college graduates in the United States has significantly increased over the past century. Explaining this as a case of supply and demand in which a need for a more educated workforce encouraged more people to stay in school longer would be in line with

functionalism.

(Q001) At a store, you pay the cashier $20.00 for your $13.95 purchase. The cash register is malfunctioning, so the clerk calculates your change in his head. He gives you $5 and a nickel: a dollar short of the correct amount. You don't interpret the incident as getting deliberately shortchanged but rather as an example of the clerk's

innumeracy.

(Q003) What is an example of what sociologist Phillip Jackson called the "hidden curriculum" in schools?

learning not to talk when the teacher or a classmate is talking

(Q007) Sorting students according to ability, also known as tracking, is controversial. In his interview with Dalton Conley, Stephen Morgan describes his work with non-Catholic students attending Catholic schools. He casts doubt on the benefits of tracking and instead suggests that

parents' goals for their children may play a large part in their success.

(Q009) The text recounts an example of classroom difficulties around discipline when students become rowdy and hard to manage. The teacher, Mr. Ortiz, uses classroom time to encourage students to insult one another. What kind of approach is Mr. Ortiz failing to use in this case?

teaching methods that are supported by extensive research

(Q008) Leticia, a high-school student who has been in remedial math classes for years, changes schools and is placed in a regular math class. Her new math teacher encourages Leticia and tells her she shows promise. In a few weeks, Leticia is surprised to find that she is doing well in the class. This scenario is an example of

the Pygmalion effect.

(Q002) What educational issue does Kari Smith's forehead tattoo highlight?

the general difficulty of paying for higher education

(Q019) Angelica, a working-class Latina student, is admitted to college due to her scholastic ability, but by the end of her sophomore year, she is in debt, so a well-meaning professor suggests she consider transferring to a cheaper school. How might this suggestion contribute to her sense of stereotype threat?

The question simply reinforced what Angelica already had come to learn about herself as being too poor to attend college.

(Q014) Affirmative action has been found to affect the makeup of the student body primarily at what type of US colleges and universities?

elite institutions

(Q005) Studies have shown that students in private schools outperform students in public schools. In his interview with Dalton Conley, Shamus Khan talks about St. Paul's School. Khan notes that students attending essentially convert their "birthright into credentials." What important aspect of education in the United States is reflected in his comments?

the problem of addressing inequality in schools

(Q023) Zaria failed a few classes early in high school due to a stressful family situation. Due to her performance, she was subsequently placed in classes meant for students that will not go on to attend college after graduating high school. This is an example of

tracking.

(Q013) Johannes's parents both work as highly paid executives in large multinational corporations. His parents have ensured that Johannes received lessons in a number of different languages, including Mandarin and Italian, and visited many countries as a child. Now, as a young adult, he is finding that being multilingual and having a global perspective gives him a competitive advantage in his education and career. Johannes is benefiting from possessing which form of cultural capital?

embodied

(Q022) Jordan's parents are both college-educated professionals who make a comfortable living and have a sizeable net worth. Jerome was raised by his mom who dropped out of high school and has worked in various low-wage jobs in the restaurant industry. As they approach high-school graduation, Jordan is trying to decide which admission offer she should accept from several elite universities, whereas Jerome is worried that he won't even graduate because of low grades in several of his classes. This illustrates

how parents' socioeconomic status tends to affect students' educational achievement.

(Q024) Ahmed's daughter, Elif, suffers from a moderately severe developmental delay. Her school suggested she might be better off in a special classroom just for disabled students. Ahmed argued forcefully against this plan because he thinks Elif would benefit socially if not academically by being in a typical classroom with the "normal" children.Ahmed is arguing for the ______ approach to special education.

mainstreaming

(Q010) Studies show that when low-achieving students are placed in a class with mostly high-achieving students, their academic performance tends to improve. This is an example of the importance of

peer-to-peer dynamics.

(Q006) Researchers find that private Catholic schools are among the most successful in preparing students academically, particularly students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Several researchers attribute this to the beneficial connections made through the schools; this is an example of

social capital.

(Q021) Julia is the fourth of five children. When she started college, her parents told her she would have to get a job to help pay for her education. Julia's parents are an example of

the resource dilution model.