Soc. Midterm Chapter 4 and Chapter 1

Two people walking on a city sidewalk quickly glance at each other and then look away as they pass. Erving Goffman called this type of interaction:

civil inattention

In studying social interaction, when an "opening" occurs:

civil inattention is discarded

Some claim that our rapid advances in communication technologies are creating a "devoiced" society, which suggests that there is a decrease in:

direct interaction

According to Emile Durkheim, the following would gradually replace religion as the source of social cohesion in society:

division of labor

Paul Ekman and colleagues devised a method for studying nonverbal communication called FACS, or:

facial action coding system

A sex worker repeatedly tries to initiate conversation with a businessman despite his obvious unwillingness to respond. This is an example of:

interactional vandalism

A student who sends a photograph of himself drinking with a suggestive message to his boss can be considered to be engaging in an electronic form of:

interactional vandalism

According to Harold Garfinkel and ethnomethodology, people tend to get upset when minor conventions of talk are not followed. His explanation for this reaction is that:

it is disturbing when people disrupt the stability and undermine the cultural assumptions about what is said and why

The Internet is an exciting tool that facilitates communication between people. A latent advantage to electronic communication is that it:

masks a person's membership in a traditionally disadvantaged group

One of the ways in which electronic media changes impression management is that:

nonverbal language plays much less, if any, part in many communications

Most Americans are aware of the importance of personal space. Edward T. Hall, however, contends that there are actually four zones of personal space. Which zone is most acceptable during an encounter with most of your friends and closer acquaintances?

personal distance

In a total institution, as detailed in Erving Goffman's ethnographic account of a mental hospital in Washington, D.C., humans have very limited:

privacy and must adapt to the fact that their private spheres are limited

In a total institution, as detailed in Goffman's ethnographic account of a mental hospital in Washington, D.C., humans have very limited

privacy and must adapt to the fact that their private spheres are limited

Audience segregation allows people to:

reconcile their role in one part of life with their role in another part of their social world

Interactional vandalism illustrates the connection between micro-level interactions and the larger society because it:

reflects larger race, class, and gender inequalities of power and status in society

The scenario in which students sleep in their bedrooms from 2:00 A.M. to 9:00 A.M., rush to a 9:30 A.M. class at the university, grab a quick lunch at the cafeteria, nap on the grass at about 3:30 P.M., return to class at 4:00 P.M., collapse in bed at 6:30 P.M., study in a library study room from 8:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M., and go to a club from 10:15 P.M. to 1:30 A.M. illustrates the sociological concept of:

regionalization

A student drops a spoon on the floor as she carries her dish to the kitchen. As the spoon clatters loudly on the tile floor she exclaims, "Ooooooh, sorry!" This is an example of a:

response cry

Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as social:

roles

In research by Elijah Anderson, time of day and activity were also important cues because they could help people assess whether a stranger "passed inspection" and was considered to be:

safe

The purpose of response cries, according to Erving Goffman, is to:

show others one's continued competence in daily routines

Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as

social roles

Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as:

social roles

When we look at the micro and macro connections that shape social issues such as the harassment of women on the street, we see that the:

solution must address the larger underlying issues, such as gender inequality

Elijah Anderson would most likely characterize a ________ as a cosmopolitan canopy.

state fair

Harold Garfinkel developed "ethnomethodology," which is the:

study of folk or lay methods people use to make sense of what others say and do

Interactional vandalism can be defined as a situation in which a:

subordinate person breaks the tacit rules of interaction that are valued by the more powerful person

Sociological imagination

the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual's life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces. When an individual considers the complicated set of social and global-economic relationships that goes into producing a cup of coffee they are about to consume.

According to Karl Marx's materialist conception of history, which of the following would be considered a source of social change in society?

the relationships between the working class and the owning class

Social structure

the underlying regularities or patterns in how people behave in their relationships with one another

Erving Goffman and other theorists who focus on social interaction often use the analogy of:

theater and drama

offman and other theorists who focus on social interaction often use the analogy of:

theater and drama

The purpose of response cries, according to Erving Goffman, is

to show others one's continued competence in daily routines

In Marxian analysis, which group makes up the largest component of society?

wage workers

When sociologists analyze the contexts of social interaction, it is often helpful to look at how people move through:

zones of time and space

Which of the following would be an example of an encounter?

a brief conversation with a waiter about the weather a class discussion a small group sharing a bottle of wine at a party asking your professor questions during her office hours

Civil Inattention

The process whereby individuals in the same physical setting demonstrate to one another that they are aware of each other's presence.

Status

The social honor or prestige that a particular group is accorded by other members of a society. Status groups normally display distinct styles of life- patterns of behaviour that the members of the group follow. Status privilege maybe positive or negative. Pariah status groups are regarded with disdain or treated as outcasts by the majority of the population.

Social Position

The social identity an individual has in a given group or society. Social positions may be general in nature (those associated with gender roles) or more specific (occupational positions).

Ethnomethodology

The study of how people make sense of what others say and do in the course of day-to-day social interaction. Ethnomethodology is concerned with the "ethnomethods" by which people sustain meaningful interchanges with one another.

Time-Space

When and where events occur.

Erving Goffman refers to an instance of focused interaction as:

an encounter

Charles Darwin believed that basic human emotional expressions

are innate and the same in all human beings

Charles Darwin believed that basic human emotional expressions:

are innate and the same in all human beings

According to Emile Durkhem, sociologists must study social facts, which are:

aspects of social life that shape our individual actions

The reading, research, and other preparation that your professor did to get ready for the lecture in your sociology class was done in what Erving Goffman refers to as:

back regions

An example of audience segregation is

being openly gay at home but being "straight" at work for fear of discrimination

Focused Interaction

Interaction between individuals engaged in a a common activity or in direct conversation with one another.

Unfocused Interaction

Interaction occurring among people present in a particular setting but not engaged in direct face-to-face communication.

Which of the following is an example of interactional vandalism?

A man comments on the appearance of a woman passing by, and she ignores him.

Encounter

A meeting between tow or more people in a situation of face-to-face interaction.

An ethnomethodologists would likely study the:

A. conversations among roommates in a college dormitory

Which theoretical approach places gender, class, and race at the core of the theory?

A. feminst theory

According to sociological perspective, peoples behavior

A. influenced by the social context

Nonverbal communication is:

A. the exchange of information through facial expressions and movements of the body

Studying day to day interactions is important because:

C. it gives us insight into the similarities and varieties of behavior

what should knowledge of society be based on, according to Auguste Comte?

C. scientific evidence

Paul Ekman and colleagues devised a method for studying nonverbal communication called FACS, or:

Facial Action Coding System

Back Region

Areas apart form front-region performance, as specified by Erving Goffman, in which individuals are able to relax and behave informally.

Charles Darwin believed that basic human emotional expressions:

B. are innate and the same in all human beings

The way in which social structure limits the range of activities and opportunities in individuals' lives is called:

B. social constraint

what is called when we "think ourselves away" from the familiar routine to see things in a different, more sociological perspective?

B. sociological imagination

What would a symbolic interactionist say is involved in nearly all social interactions?

C. an exchange of symbols

According to Emile Durkheim sociologists must study social facts, which are:

C. aspects of social life that shape our individual actions

Usually sociological research projects:

C. create more research questions and problems

Nonverbal Communication

Communication between individuals bases on facial expression or bodily gestures rather than on language.

Many people use the Internet as a key tool of communication. Which of the following is a disadvantage of electronic communication?

Contact between people becomes indirect rather than face-to-face. People become isolated from one another as we all work at our own computers. We lose the ability to interpret other people's faces and other forms of nonverbal communication.

Everyday life is an important part of understanding the social world. The pioneering sociologists who developed microsociology and emphasized and importance of understanding the "seemingly trivial" was:

D. erving goffman

According to sociobiologists, __ __ has led to female chasity and male promiscuity.

E. reproductive strategy

Which of the following statements is true?

Infants have facial expressions similar to those of adults.

Everyday life is an important part of understanding the social world. The pioneering sociologist who developed microsociology and emphasized the importance of understanding the "seemingly trivial" was:

Erving Goffman

What is one reason sociologists are concerned with civil inattention, which appears to be a rather unconscious behavior?

If an individual implies to another person that he is not suspicious of the other's behavior, there is no reason to be hostile toward the other person whose social life is allowed to proceed in an orderly fashion.

Personal Space

The physical space individuals maintain between themselves and others.

Impression Management

Preparing the the presentation of one's social role.

Question 2: A student drops a spoon on the floor as she carries her dish to the kitchen. As the spoon clatters loudly on the tile floor, she exclaims, "Oooooh, sorry!" This is an example of:

Response Cry

Response Crisis

Seemingly involuntary exclamations individuals make when, for example, they are taken by surprise , do something inadvertently, or want to express pleasure.

Front Region

Setting of social activity in which people seek to put on a definite "performance" for others.

The norms, beliefs, and values that we learn through socialization make ____ possible

Social order

Question 5: Interaction Vandalism can be defined as a situation in which a:

Subordinate person breaks the tacit rules of interaction that are valued by the more powerful person

Interactional Vandalism

The deliberate subversion of the tactic rules of conversation.

Regionalization

The division of social life into different regional settings or zones

Conversation Analysis

The empirical study o conversations, employing techniques drawn form Ethnomethodology. Conversation analysis examines details of naturally occurring conversations to reveal the organizational principles of talk and its role in the production of social order.

Roles

The expected behaviours of people occupying particular social positions. The idea of social role originally comes from the theatre, referring to the parts of actors play in a stage production. in every society, individuals play in number of special roles.

Social Interaction

The process by which we act and react to those around us.

Question 1: Erving Goffman in his Impression Management uses the analogy of:

Theater and Drama

Clocktime

Time as measured by the clock, in terms of hours, minutes, seconds. Before the invention of clocks, time reckoning was based on events in the natural world, such as the rising and setting of the sun.

The study of everyday life shows:

how behavior is shaped and guided by social forces, such as roles and norms how individuals shape their social reality, including social forces, such as roles and norms how individual behavior is neither fixed nor unstructured

A researcher's study of the text messages exchanged among a group of friends can be referred to as:

conversation analysis

The technique used by Mitch Duneier and Harvey Molotch to compare interactions between street people and passersby in New York City was:

conversation analysis

What does Elijah Anderson call racially and ethnically diverse spaces that offer "a respite from the lingering tensions of urban life as well as an opportunity for diverse peoples to come together"?

cosmopolitan canopy

Sometimes a person will smile, but an observer notes that the person's eyes look sad. Erving Goffman would say the sad eyes are part of the expression the person:

gives off

A status message allows people who are participating in unfocused interaction to:

have more control over how they are percieved