Social 30-1 Chapter 7

Espionage

-1960 U2 spy planes shot down -Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Bandung Conference

-Also know as afro-Asian conference -1955 -representatives from 29 African and Asian countries met to promote economic and cultural co-operation and oppose the colonial and imperialist intentions of the superpowers -direct result of the ideological conflict between the superpowers

Marshall Plan

-American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II -1948

Treaties

-Helsinki accords (on human rights)

Building Arms

-Hiroshima and Nakasaki in 1945 -Soviet Missile testin 1949

Diplomacy

-Hotline installed 1963 -Secret diplomacy solved Cuban Missile Crisis

Policy

-Marshall plan, Truman doctrine, massive retaliation, brinksmanship, M.A.D.

Propaganda

-McCarthyism and the Red Scare -Duck and cover P.S.A.'s

Glasnost

-Means "openness" in Russian

Cultural exchanges

-Nixon visits China in 1973 -Ping pong diplomacy

Limit Arms

-Nuclear Non-proliferation 1968 -Salt 1: strategic arms limitation talks

Berlin Blockade

-Stalin saw revitalized west Germany as a threat to the Soviet Union -In June 1948, Stalin blocked all road, rail and canal transportation to west berlin -Cut off supplies to West Berliners

Force

-The Hungarian Uprising crushed in 1956 -Spring Prague in Czechoslovakia crushed, 1967

How did the cold war start?

-The United States and the Soviet Union emerged from World War II as two "superpowers" with vastly different political and economic systems -Capitalism vs. Communism -Democracy vs. Totalitarianism

Berlin Airlift

-The western response to the Berlin Blockade was to fly in supplies

Four ways to decrease tensions when ideologies are in conflict?

1. Diplomacy 2. Treaties 3. Limit arms 4. Cultural exchange

Seven ways to increase tension when ideologies are in conflict?

1. Expansionism 2. Policy 3. Proxy wars 4. Espionage 5. Building arms 6. Propaganda 7. Force

Cuban Missile Crisis

A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the "hottest" periods of the cold war.

Containment

American Cold War foreign policy of containing the spread of communism by establishing strategic allies around the world through trade and military alliances

Berlin Wall

Barrier set up in 1961 to separate East and West Berlin

Iron Curtain

Imaginary line between the democratic western countries of Europe and the communist Soviet satellite states

Proxy Wars

Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan -Use of military alliances: NATO, Warsaw Pact

Spheres of Influence

The territories and countries over which a powerful country dominates.

How did the cold war end?

When the Berlin wall came down

Massive retaliation (policy)

a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.

Buffer zone

a neutral area serving to separate hostile forces or nations

Brinksmanship

international behaviour or foreign policy that takes a country to the brink of war; pushing one's demands to the point of threatening military action -usually refers to the showdown between the United States and the Soviet Union over Cuba in October 1962

Expansionism

the attempt to enlarge territorial and ideological influence beyond a country's borders and allies

Détente

the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries.

Cold War

the political, economic, and social struggle between the Soviet Union and its allies, and the United States and its allies, conducted using 'propaganda, economic measures, and espionage rather than military means