Social and Personality Quiz 1

Which of the following questions would be of most interest to researchers of personality development?

"How can Rhonda provide more emotional support to the children she is fostering?"

Which of the following areas would a Jungian psychoanalyst be most interested in exploring?

A compulsion to stay later at the office than other employees

Which of the following represents a potential pitfall of psychoanalytic psychobiography?

A concentration on a childhood sexual assault

Which of the following examples best demonstrates Adler's conception of the fundamental motive?

A construction worker is promoted to foreman of his crew.

According to current research, which of the following conditions would likely have the strongest effect on the personality development of an only child?

A cultural expectation that children must provide for their parents in old age

Which of the following best describes the defense mechanism of displacement?

A diversion of an unacceptable drive away from its original target due to a fear of retaliation

How does a nomothetic approach to personality research differ from an idiographic approach?

A nomothetic approach utilizes a comparative methodology, while an idiographic approach examines unique traits.

Which of the following examples demonstrates the phenomenon of countertransference, which can occur during psychoanalytic treatment?

A patient senses that her analyst distrusts her and becomes more likely to fabricate memories as a result.

Which of the following social factors would impede the natural development of social interest?

A requirement that all high school graduates serve two years in the military

Jenna expresses her fictional final goal as having authority over others. Which of the following positions would an Adlerian career counselor suggest?

A ward supervisor at a mental health facility

How does applied value differ from heuristic value in personality research?

Applied value pertains to therapeutic technique, while heuristic value leads to expanded research.

Which of the following actions is most closely tied to the functions of the ego?

Aubrey takes a sports car out for a test drive but decides afterward that he can't afford the payments.

A psychiatrist tells her patient that his overbearing personality is partially a result of an excessive sex drive. Which theoretical domain of Freud's contributions does this demonstrate?

Biological influence

Which of the following first memories would likely be reported by a citizen of the United States rather than a member of an Asian culture?

Building a tower with a set of blocks

How can individuals approach their shadow elements to achieve a more complete personality?

By shrinking the psychic distance between the conscious and unconscious

Which of the following best describes the two polarities of personality research?

Data-driven analysis and comprehensive profiling

Under an Adlerian understanding of personality development, which of the following life phases would be the most amenable to intervention?

Early childhood

Which of the following represents a hypothesis that can be tested empirically?

Employees who receive a large cash bonus will have fewer workplace accidents.

After a strained dinner with her fiancée's mother, Natasha shakes the woman's hand and says, "Nice to hate you." Which form of motivation is Natasha displaying?

Everyday psychopathology

Which of the following examples best demonstrates the superiority striving phase of Adler's thinking?

Friedrich trains for a marathon for hours every day and takes thorough measurements of his progress, determined to maximize his performance.

In Jung's understanding of archetypes, which of the following traits is extraversion the most similar to?

Hair color

According to Jung's theory, which of the following events from his biography would be the most critical to his individuation?

His withdrawal from formal academic work and ensuing isolation

Which of the following Adlerian propositions would Freud likely have found the most problematic?

Individuals can overcome the difficulties of childhood with a deliberate orientation toward improvement.

How does research into eyewitness testimony reinforce Jungian psychetypes?

It matches the introverted intuitive type's proclivity for favoring broad explanations over detail.

Which of the following best characterizes the role of motivation in personality research?

It provides strength and orientation to behavior.

Which of the following examples demonstrates reality anxiety?

Jocelyn's boyfriend tells her he never wants to see her again, and she finds that he will not respond to phone calls or emails afterward.

Joshua and Gretchen are siblings who grew up in the same abusive household. As adults, Joshua shows a normal level of emotional engagement, while Gretchen rates as a repressor. According to non-psychoanalytic theories of the unconscious, which of the following best explains the different outlooks of Joshua and Gretchen?

Joshua has a genotype with a high degree of emotional intelligence expression, while Gretchen has inherited different less adaptive traits.

Latasha reacts passively to external events that affect her life, and she says that nothing she can do will better her situation despite the fact that heavy drinking impacts her health. Which fixation does Latasha likely suffer from?

Oral fixation

Which of the following profiles best exemplifies the extraverted thinking psychetype?

Pei is a favorite among her first-grade students thanks to her skill at facilitating cooperative play, and she also is popular among school staff.

Liza wakes up in the morning with an overwhelming desire to find a sexual partner, and though she doesn't know why the sudden urge arose, she is unable to relax until she fulfils it. Which characteristic of instincts is Liza illustrating?

Pressure

Which of the following best describes information encoded into archetypal symbols?

Psychic instincts that help individuals function in broad social contexts

According to Freud's conception of the three levels of consciousness, what kind of mental activity takes place in the preconscious?

Queuing of processes that are not useful at the current moment

Hera joined a local recreational soccer team but quit after six months when she wasn't named squad captain, choosing to write disparaging remarks online about the other players. Which style of life does Hera best represent?

Ruling type

Xia is well-adjusted regarding her own needs and self-evaluation, and she pursues realistic goals that don't exhaust her or leave her feeling inferior. Which birth order placement does Xia likely fall under?

Second-born child

Which of the following school-based interventions for a delinquent student would likely be recommended by an Adlerian?

Sending the student to a group discussion series with other delinquent students

Which of the following words likely describes a personality trait rather than a type or a factor?

Spendthrift

Joaquin is troubled by visualizations of flames and the urge to light matches at inappropriate times, but over the years he has bent these impulses toward painting and mural work that is expressive of fire. Which form of defense mechanism has Joaquin utilized?

Sublimation

How does test validity differ from construct validity?

Test validity describes whether a test measures what it claims to measure, while construct validity assesses the operational definitions.

How does the anima differ from the shadow under a Jungian theory of personality?

The anima represents the repression of traditionally female traits, while the shadow contains unwanted aspects of the psyche.

Which of the following best describes Jung's conception of the relationship between the conscious and the unconscious?

The conscious and the unconscious are complementary halves of the psyche in a well-adjusted adult.

Which of the following best represents the conflict of the anal stage of psychosexual development?

The desire for autonomy over one's body versus the practical demands of the social environment

Which of the following best explains Jung's conception of synchronicity?

The forces of the collective unconscious establish causality between unrelated events.

Why do modern day psychologists consider Freud's conception of psychoanalysis to be insufficient as a theory of personality development?

The original formulations of the concept were too vague to test empirically.

Which of the following statements best describes the current psychological consensus about Adler's conceptualization of social interest?

The social interest theory is a useful theoretical construct but is difficult to translate empirically.

Which archetype would be useful to an individual who has overidentified with the functions of the ego?

The trickster

Which of the following best explains the coexistence of many theories of personality?

The wide range of potential subjects and constructs within personality research requires many different approaches.

A correlational study finds that people who rate highly on measures of anxiety are also prone to binge eating. Which of the following conclusions is the most sound?

There is a significant relationship between anxiety and binge-eating behaviors.

How would an Adlerian likely explain how individuals come to develop an unstable personality?

They did not set consistent or achievable goals for themselves throughout life.

How do individualist cultures affect personality dynamics differently than collectivist cultures?

They emphasize the differences in personality traits between different people.

Which of the following best describes the role myths and religion play in the collective unconscious?

They provide cultural symbols that mediate the primal energies of the collective unconscious.

Which of the following experimental results would lend credence to Freud's original conception of the unconscious?

Traumatic experiences are found to persist in a mental buffer until they can be gradually processed and incorporated.

According to Jungian psychoanalysis, which of the following describes an individual experiencing ego inflation?

Yasser is very committed to his job and strongly identifies with it outside of the office.

An individual who relies primarily on the feeling function to formulate values must learn to

approach decision making in a rational fashion.

A theory of personality has the quality of comprehensiveness if it

describes the cause of a wide range of activity.

Unsatisfactory maternal influence can have the effect of

encouraging aggressive and antisocial behavior.

There is a body of evidence that suggests that personality

is relatively stable over a lifetime.

Personality theorists do not rely on experimental research because

it is difficult to treat personality traits as independent variables.

A neurotic individual's sense of fictional finalism

resists adapting to changing circumstances.

Research into the practice of hypnosis suggests that

subjects are conforming to social expectations.

A patient undergoing Jungian psychoanalysis describes a stressful dream and agrees with her therapist that the seeing eye dog at the center symbolizes a desire for guidance. The therapist would then suggest that the patient

visualize taking the dog's reins and discovering where it will lead her.