Social Psych
Researchers investigated the reduction of littering in three high school classrooms. Which class still showed a reduction in littering two weeks after the study ended?
The class congratulated for being neat and tidy
Which of the following maxims best represents the concept of individualism?
To thine own self be true.
Which of the following was the independent variable in Boyatzis' (1995) research study on the effects of television viewing on children?
aggressive behavior
Thinking that our premonitions correlate with events represents
an illusory correlation.
As a teenager, your parents always forced you to clean your room. Now that you are living on your own, you feel no motivation to clean, as there are no parents around to nag you. This is an example of how
attitudes follow behaviors for which we feel some responsibility
Researchers provided study participants with evidence that either risk-prone or cautious people make better firefighters. When participants wrote an explanation for the findings, they were particularly susceptible to
belief perseverance.
Which of the following theories assumes that to reduce discomfort, we justify our actions to ourselves?
cognitive dissonance theory
Your self-esteem would correlate closely with what others think of you and your group if you were in a(n) ______ culture.
collectivistic
A person from a(n) _____ culture is more likely to say, "Went to the movies," and a person from a(n) _____ culture is more likely to say, "I went to the movies."
collectivistic; individualistic
Two essential ingredients in a social-psychological experiment are
control and random assignment.
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next is referred to as
culture.
Our self-concept is fed by our roles, our social identity, our comparisons, and by
daily experiences.
Research on the wording of survey questions suggests that
how questions are framed can influence how they are answered.
A testable proposition that describes a relationship which may exist between events is a
hypothesis.
You just broke up with someone you had been dating for a few months. You are surprised at how upset you are over the breakup, given that the relationship was not that serious. This is an example of how people have difficulty predicting the
intensity of their future emotions.
The Implicit Association Test (IAT)
measures both conscious and unconscious attitudes
If you are asked to participate in a research study without knowing the start time, you are _______ to participate than if you were aware that the study began at 7 am.
more likely
Most people perceive themselves as
much less prejudiced than others.
Those who make situational attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that
offer more direct support to the poor.
Myers points out that our social behavior is shaped by
other people, our attitudes and personality, and our biology
A study by Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow t-shirts. Those wearing the t-shirts
overestimated how many peers would notice them.
Putting participants in one of two conditions by flipping a coin illustrates
random assignment.
The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition is referred to as
random assignment.
Once during a hospital stay, you observed a man and a woman (both in health professional attire) talking. You assumed that the man was a physician and that the woman was a nurse. Later, you found out the opposite was true. What type of heuristic did you use during your initial reaction to the two individuals?
representativeness heuristic
You are teaching students, and unlike when you were student teaching, you find that the role of teacher feels more comfortable. This is an example of
roles that shape our behavior.
The effect of _______ on _______ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo's (1971) classic study of a simulated prison.
roles; behaviors
Maureen does not seem to take responsibility for her actions (e.g., always creating excuses for coming home past curfew and acting like a victim of teachers when it comes to bad grades). In order for her to take responsibility for her behavior, she needs to become more
self-conscious.
Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be anxious because we woke up before dawn?
self-perception theory
Dissonance conditions do indeed arouse tension, especially when those conditions threaten
self-worth
Attributing behavior to a person's environment is an example of what type of attribution?
situational
The extent to which we evaluate our abilities and opinions by comparing ourselves to others is called
social comparison.
The results of Boyatzis' (1995) research indicated that _____ can be one cause of children's aggressive behavior.
television viewing
The major difference between the dissonance theory and the self-perception theory is that the former relies on the motivating effects of _______, while the latter does not.
tension
One reason people are overconfident is that they are not inclined to seek out information
that might disprove what they believe.
The idea that chance events are subject to our influence describes
the illusion of control.
Marcia thought that she would have enough time to write her paper after she bought groceries and cleaned the house, but she ran out of time. This is an example of
the planning fallacy.
The false uniqueness effect is
the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual.
After making important decisions, we usually reduce dissonance by _______ the chosen alternative and _______ the unchosen option.
upgrading; downgrading
Deception in an experiment is
used only if it is essential and justified.
Which saying reflects the false consensus effect?
Everyone does it!