Social Psychology Learning Curve

Kelly tells her friend that she thinks all African-American men look alike. This demonstrates: A. how people categorize others in an attempt to simplify their world. B. how negative emotions nourish prejudice. C. that when categorizing people into groups people often stereotype. D. how people exhibit ingroup empathy.

C. that when categorizing people into groups people often stereotype.

Alexandra wants to buy a new car before she goes off to college. She wants one that looks good and has a nice stereo system so that she can listen to her favorite music while driving to class. Which form of persuasion would probably be MORE convincing to her? A. peripheral route persuasion B. central route persuasion C. cognitive dissonance D. attribution

A. peripheral route persuasion

Clarissa and Julio are in English class together and have been assigned to sit next to each other. What will affect their first impression of each other? A. physical attractiveness B. personality C. intelligence D. proximity

A. physical attractiveness

Maria recently graduated college and is now a professor at a university. This is her first semester at her new job. Maria makes sure that she dresses the part of a professor, taking ideas of attire from the professors she had while a college student. She also makes sure that she behaves as a professor. Maria likely feels like: A. she is acting a role. B. she was born to be a professor. C. she is special. D. her attitude is not in agreement with her new job

A. she is acting a role

Evan's father yells at him for being five minutes late for tee time. Rather than believe his father is a rude jerk, he decides that he may be having difficulties at his job. This means he makes a _____ attribution about his behavior. A. situational B. personal C. dispositional D. foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A. situational

At her health club, Bonnie pedals an exercise bike much faster when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates: A. social facilitation. B. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. C. the bystander effect. D. normative social influence.

A. social facilitation

Kai watches as a student stumbles and drops her books in the hall. According to the fundamental attribution error, how would he explain the student's behavior? A. She could not help it; there were too many books to carry. B. She must have tripped over something. C. She was trying to get out of someone else's way. D. She is a clumsy person.

D. she is a clumsy person

Why do people fall under normative social influence? A. People have a need to belong. B. People want to be accurate. C. People know that others may be observing their behavior D. People come from a culture that values civil disobedience.

A. people have a need to belong

Charlie's friend yells at him for being five minutes late for lunch. Rather than believe his friend is a rude jerk, he decides that she may be having difficulties with her partner. Therefore, he makes a _____ about her behavior. A. dispositional attribution B. foot-in-the-door attribution C. gender-typing attribution D. situational attribution

D. situational attribution

Casandra is a devote Catholic and volunteers five hours each week at a local women's shelter. Casandra may volunteer so much because of: A. ingroup bias. B. social exchange theory. C. reciprocity norm. D. social-responsibility.

D. social-responsibility

Prejudice contains: A. neither actions nor beliefs. B. both actions and beliefs. C. actions. D. beliefs.

B. both actions and beliefs

A telemarketer calls one night and asks for a one dollar donation to a local charity for children. Scott happily agrees. A week later the same telemarketer calls asking for a twenty dollar donation to the same charity and he agrees. This is known as: A. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. B. the fundamental attribution error. C. motivated forgetting. D. cognitive dissonance.

A. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

When slave owners perceived slaves as innately lazy, ignorant, and irresponsible-as having the very traits that justified enslaving, what occurred? A. the just-world phenomenon B. discrimination C. stereotypes D. explicit prejudice

A. the just-world phenomenon

Eulalia stops for a cup of coffee and the waitress yells at her when she sits at a table that has not been cleared. She is convinced that she should find another line of work--one in which her angry personality traits will not interfere with her job. Eulalia is under the assumption that which of the following attributed to her behavior? A. personal issues B. disposition C. level of neuroticism D. situation

B. disposition

During the Korean War, many U.S. prisoners of war were held in war camps run by Chinese communists. Without using brutality, the captors secured the prisoners' collaboration in various activities. Some did simple tasks to gain privileges while others completed radio appeals and false confessions or divulged military information. When the war ended, 21 prisoners chose to stay with the communists. More returned home convinced that communism was a good thing for Asia. The Chineese captors were able to accomplish this by using: A. the fundamental attribution error. B. the mere exposure effect. C. motivated forgetting. D. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

D. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Men from what location judge women as more attractive if they have a youthful, fertile appearance? A. the United States B. Australia C. Zambia D. various cultures

D. various cultures

_____ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. A. Aggression B. Altruism C. Conformity D. Catharsis

A. Aggression

In the United States in the late 1980s, most Democrats believed inflation had risen under Republican president Ronald Reagan when in fact it had declined. This was likely a result of: A. ingroup bias. B. scapegoat theory. C. discrimination. D. the blame-the-victim phenomenon.

A. ingroup bias

Erin tells her mother that when she talks with male classmates they regularly think she is flirting with them. Erin is upset by this and wants her mother's advice. What is her mother likely to say? A. This is pretty common as about 70 percent of men mistake the friendliness of a woman as her flirting. B. They get this impression because of the way you are dressed. C. They only think you are flirting because you are such a lovely young lady. D. Perhaps you are flirting with them and not realizing it.

A. This is pretty common as about 70 percent of men mistake the friendliness of a woman as her flirting.

Mr. Rogers thinks that all teenagers are reckless, promiscuous, irresponsible delinquents. Mr. Rogers appears to be associating qualities that are unrelated to the objective evidence that define all members of this particular age group. Mr. Rogers is demonstrating: A. a stereotype. B. prejudice. C. the social responsibility norm. D. the mere exposure effect.

A. a stereotype

Carl Wilkens was a missionary living in Kigali, Rwanda in 1994 with his family when militia began killing members of an ethnic minority group, the Tutsi. Wilkens was encouraged to leave the area but refused. After evacuating his family, he stayed and contested the 800,000-person genocide. When the militia came to kill him and his Tutsi servants, Wilkens' Hutu neighbors deterred them. Despite repeated death threats, he spent his days running roadblocks to take food and water to orphanages and to negotiate, plead, and bully his way through the bloodshed, saving lives time and again. Wilkens was exemplifying: A. altruism. B. ingroup bias. C. reciprocity norm. D. social exchange theory.

A. altruism

Mark says that the majority of criminals who commit armed robbery are African-Americans who reside in low-income housing neighborhoods. Mark believes that African-Americans are naturally violent people who deserve to be incarcerated at higher rates than White Americans. This is a good example of: A. blame-the-victim. B. discrimination. C. stereotypes. D. the just-world phenomenon.

A. blame-the-victim

Michelle is invited to a dinner party by one of her closest friends. Michelle and her friend arrive together and spend part of the evening talking to each other. After dinner, Michelle's friend leaves the room to have a private discussion with one of the other guests. Michelle feels uncomfortable and sits by herself, not engaging with the other guests. Michelle's behaviors can be attributed to which of the following? A. both her disposition and the situation B. her disposition C. the situation D. neither her disposition nor the situation

A. both her disposition and the situation

Jaiden is an avid video game player. Some research demonstrates that Jaiden will: A. both increased reaction time and improved visual-spatial skills. B. have enhanced visual-spatial skills. C. have an increased reaction time. D. neither increased reaction time and improved visual-spatial skills.

A. both increased reaction time and improved visual-spatial skills

What results in reduced self-restraint? A. deindividuation B. social facilitation C. social loafing D. groupthink

A. deindividuation

Juan was shopping for a new watch and the salesperson was pressuring him to spend money way above his financial limit. Juan attributed the behavior to the salesperson's pushy personality. Juan was attributing her behavior to _____ factors. A. dispositional B. unstable C. situational D. non-specific

A. dispositional

Laurie and Jim have been married for 20 years. When asked, Laurie indicated that what she most appreciated about their marriage was that they both freely give and receive affection and that they share decision-making and household responsibilities. Laurie's description is an example of: A. equity. B. self-disclosure. C. mere exposure effect. D. passionate love.

A. equity

After hearing his colleague made a crude statement regarding Muslim women, Scott asks her why she feels that way. Her response is that the 9/11 terrorist attacks could happen again at any time. Scott's colleague is experiencing: A. fearful emotions toward Muslims B. stereotypical beliefs regarding Muslims. C. hostile emotions toward Muslims. D. discrimination against Muslims.

A. fearful emotions toward Muslims

Recently Tanya has been caught in heavy traffic when traveling to and from work. This situation has caused her to arrive to work late and arrive home at a much later time than normal. When she comes home, she slams the front door and tends to yell more at her children and husband over things that are rather insignificant. This behavior can best be explained by the: A. frustration-aggression principle. B. observational learning theory. C. cognitive dissonance theory. D. mere exposure effect.

A. frustration-aggression principle

What was partially responsible for the 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the escalation of the Vietnam war, the U.S. Watergate cover-up, the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident, the U.S. space shuttle Challenger explosion, and the Iraq war? A. groupthink B. group polarization C. social facilitation D. deindividuation

A. groupthink

Stephanie's new roommate leaves dirty laundry all over her room and is being sloppy. She assumes this is because she is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. Stephanie is attributing her behavior to: A. her heavy course work B. a stable, enduring personality characteristic C. her family relationship D. her dedication to her education

A. her heavy course work

Clay would get angry very quickly when he was a teenager. Now he is in his 50's and it takes a lot to make him angry. What has changed? A. His testosterone levels have decreased. B. His testosterone levels have increased. C. He now has a high MAOA gene expression. D. He now has a low MAOA gene expression.

A. his testosterone levels have decreased

Hugenberg and Bodenhausen found that people who were more quickly to associate good things with White names or faces also were the quickest to perceive anger and apparent threat in Black faces. Their findings demonstrate: A. implicit prejudice. B. stereotypes. C. discrimination. D. explicit prejudice.

A. implicit prejudice

Marcie was invited to a black-tie dinner at the Ritz-Carlton. She has never been served a 10-course meal before so she is unfamiliar with the social etiquette regarding silverware selection. Because Marcie is in a foreign environment, she gets through the night by watching others who appear to know what they are doing. For each course, she follows their selection of silverware. Marcie is displaying: A. informational social influence. B. normative social influence. C. group polarization. D. the bystander effect.

A. informational social influence

Marty enjoys watching violent action movies and television shows on most evenings, as well as listening to music with violent lyrics. When faced with real-life conflict, he tends to respond with aggressive behavior because he believes that he needs to "act like a man." According to social psychologists, his beliefs may be caused by _____, which are mental files for how to act. A. social scripts B. cognitive dissonance C. group polarization D. deindividuation

A. social scripts

Hostilities between a riverfront community's two racial subgroups were dramatically reduced when the threat that the river would flood its banks required them to work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of: A. superordinate goals. B. social facilitation. C. groupthink. D. the bystander effect.

A. superordinate goals

People who are happily married will attribute a spouse's cutting remarks to a _____, whereas people who are NOT happily married will attribute such remarks to a _____. A. temporary situation; mean disposition B. stable personality trait; misunderstanding C. mean disposition; temporary situation D. permanent condition; short-lived circumstance

A. temporary situation; mean disposition

Sherelle is with three of her friends at a restaurant. One of her friends yawns, then another friend, and then Sherelle. She has just experienced: A. the chameleon effect. B. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. C. place theory. D. cognitive dissonance.

A. the chameleon effect

As Bella is driving to campus one day another car cuts her off and speeds ahead. Immediately she yells out "Crazy driver!" not realizing that the person may be rushing to get to the hospital. Her judgment best illustrates: A. the fundamental attribution error B. foot-in-the-door phenomenon C. confirmation bias D. the gender-typing bias

A. the fundamental attribution error

Stephanie's new roommate leaves dirty laundry all over her room, and she assume she must be a slob. She ignores the fact that she is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. Stephanie is demonstrating: A. the fundamental attribution error. B. deindividuation. C. self-serving bias. D. diffusion of responsibility.

A. the fundamental attribution error

Marsha is on trial for the murder of her husband. Marsha says it was self-defense. A psychiatrist has testified that Marsha suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of the spousal abuse she endured. What is likely to happen? A. The judge will give her a lighter sentence. B. The judge will give her the maximum sentence. C. The jury will find her guilty. D. The jury will find her not guilty.

A. the judge will give her a lighter sentence

Roger recently lost his job and believes that it is a result of the increase in Mexican immigrants. He is demonstrating: A. the scapegoat theory. B. discrimination. C. ingroup bias. D. the blame-the-victim phenomenon.

A. the scapegoat theory

In which situation is one most likely to conform? A. when everyone else in the group agrees B. when a prior commitment has been made C. when feeling competent D. when in a group of at least two

A. when everyone else in the group agrees

In which situation is one most likely to conform? A. when others in the group are observing one's behavior B. when there is disagreement in the group C. when with one other person D. when one thinks that the group is unattractive

A. when others in the group are observing one's behavior

It takes about _____ minutes to form a feeling about a conversational partner and to register whether the partner likes them or not. A. 2 B. 4 C. 30 D. 10

B. 4

A young man with a White mother and African father was raised by his mother and maternal grandparents. How is he likely to be classified? A. Caucasian. B. African-American. C. biracial. D. mixed-race.

B. African-American

Which of the following individuals is most likely to take the time to help someone in an emergency situation? A. John, who is in a hurry to work B. Arturo, who feels guilty for not helping others in the past C. Maggie, who is angry about not getting a needed salary increase D. Max, who believes the person who needed help created their own problem

B. Arturo, who feels guilty for not helping others in the past

Jesse is attending college in a city far away from home where he does not know anyone. According to the principle of proximity, Jesse will be most likely to make friends with: A. Jamal, who lives across campus. B. Bill, his roommate. C. Michael, who lives in the same dorm but two floors below Jesse. D. Juan, who lives 10 miles away in an off-campus apartment.

B. Bill, his roommate

Shawntae is very concerned about the environment and consistently sorts her garbage by placing paper, plastic, metal, and glass in their respective recycling containers. Shawntae's concern for the environment is an example of a(n): A. attribution. B. self-serving bias. C. attitude. D. prosocial behavior.

D. prosocial behavior

John is not a great golfer; he has only been playing golf for two years. One day, John was playing alone and a foursome in front of him told him he could play through. All four of the others watched him tee off. According to social facilitation research, what type of performance would you expect from John? A. He will make his normal tee shot. B. He will not perform well because of increased arousal. C. He will not be affected by others observing his play. D. He will outperform his normal tee shot.

B. He will not perform well because of increased arousal

Siblings Josh and Jackie share the use of their parents' second car. They constantly argue over who gets the car for each night of the weekend. If a mediator were brought in to settle the dispute, which approach might the mediator first apply? A. The mediator would take each into a separate room and hear each side; then the mediator would decide who is worthy. B. The mediator would lead each sibling to think about the other's underlying needs and goals. C. The mediator would create competitive situations where each side competes to settle who gets the use of the car. D. The mediator would keep Josh and Jackie out of the discussion and tell the parents to decide.

B. The mediator would lead each sibling to think about the other's underlying needs and goals.

Judith purchased a nice home, whose value depreciated as a result of the housing crash. She was able to have the majority of her remaining mortgage payments forgiven, which eased a huge financial burden for her. She reasoned that the debt she was forgiven would not negatively impact the overall debt of the country. Judith's reasoning is an example of: A. bystander effect. B. a social trap. C. self-conflict. D. conflict.

B. a social trap

A(n) _____ is a learned tendency to evaluate some object, person, or issue in a particular way that may be positive, negative, or ambivalent. A. attribution B. attitude C. self-serving bias D. prosocial behavior

B. attitude

Prejudice is a negative _____; discrimination is a negative _____. A. feeling; behavior B. attitude; behavior C. behavior; attitude D. behavior; stereotype

B. attitude; behavior

Ingrid is looking for a new car. She wants one that is dependable and affordable. Which form of persuasion would probably be MORE convincing to her? A. peripheral route persuasion B. central route persuasion C. cognitive dissonance D. attribution

B. central route persuasion

This occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts. A. peripheral route persuasion B. central route persuasion C. cognitive dissonance D. attribution

B. central route persuasion

The fact that support for interracial dating has dramatically increased represents a: A. increase in explicit prejudice. B. decrease in explicit prejudice. C. increase in implicit prejudice. D. decrease in implicit prejudice.

B. decrease in explicit prejudice

Nineteen-year-old Tom has spent five hours a day playing violent video games since he was eight years old. According to research on the effects of violent video game usage, one can predict that Tom will likely: A. abuse his children. B. display desensitization to violent images, as shown by blunted brain responses on an fMRI. C. become a serial killer. D. display more sensitivity to victims of violent crimes.

B. display desensitization to violent images, as shown by blunted brain responses on an fMRI.

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for: A. self-disclosure. B. group harmony. C. passionate love. D. cognitive dissonance.

B. group harmony

Barry is watching golf and sees Tiger Woods scowl after a missed putt. He would be making the fundamental attribution error if he assumed that he: A. was thrown off by the flash of a camera. B. has an angry and volatile personality. C. just made a double bogey. D. was in a tough situation.

B. has an angry and volatile personality

Although the leaders of two nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the actions of the other country as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates: A. deindividuation. B. mirror-image perceptions. C. the mere exposure effect. D. the just-world phenomenon.

B. mirror-image perceptions

Those perceived as different or apart from one's group are their: A. enemies. B. outgroup. C. peers. D. ingroup.

B. outgroup

Considering the results of Solomon Asch's research, conformity to group judgments probably would be LEAST likely when: A. judgments are made in a group that has more than three people. B. participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers. C. participants announce their own answers only after the other group members have done so. D. it is very difficult for anyone to make correct perceptual judgments.

B. participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers.

Jacob and Makayla have been dating for about three months. They are most likely experiencing: A. equity. B. passionate love. C. friendship. D. companionate love.

B. passionate love

Lars is an excellent violinist. In front of an audience, he tends to play his violin even more beautifully than when he is alone. This is most likely caused by: A. the bystander effect. B. social facilitation. C. deindividuation. D. normative social influence.

B. social facilitation

A close friend visits Katy and asks her to lend her ten dollars for gas. She happily agrees. Two weeks later her friend visits again and this time asks for twenty dollars for gas and she agrees again. This is known as: A. the fundamental attribution error. B. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. C. cognitive dissonance. D. motivated forgetting

B. the foot-in-the-door- phenomenon

"Fake it until you make it" is a saying of Alcoholics Anonymous and represents: A. the fundamental attribution error. B. the power of acting a new role. C. what is needed for alcoholics to stop drinking. D. peripheral route persuasion.

B. the power of acting a new role

When are people most likely to obey an order related to harming someone else? A. when the person giving orders is viewed as an equal B. when the person being harmed is far away C. when the person giving orders is far away D. when other people are disobeying

B. when the person being harmed is far away

Why does social loafing occur? A. People acting as part of a group feel less accountable, and therefore worry less about what others think. B. Group members may view their individual contributions as dispensable. C. Both of these are reasons. D. Neither of these are reasons.

C. Both of these are reasons

South Florida has a high violent crime rate in comparison to other parts of the country. What might partially account for this phenomenon? A. The temperature in South Florida tends to be very hot. B. Neither the crowded nature of the area nor the high temperatures contribute. C. Both the crowded nature of the area as well as the high temperatures contribute. D. South Florida is a densely crowded area.

C. Both the crowded nature of the area as well as the high temperatures contribute.

Juan's friends ask him to participate in some activities. He feels pressure to join them even though the adventures might not be in his best interest. Which of the following reasons might be strengthening Juan's conformity to the group? A. Juan is made to feel secure. B. The group has less than three people. C. He admires the group's status and attractiveness. D. Juan's culture strongly discourages following social norms

C. He admires the group's status and attractiveness

Lee tends to be easily provoked to behave aggressively. What might be a plausible explanation for his aggressiveness? A. He was taught to behave aggressively as a child. B. He has a Y chromosome. C. He has a low MAOA gene expression. D. He has a high MAOA gene expression.

C. He has a low MAOA gene expression

Sarah and Marge have been assigned to the same dorm room for the academic year. What is likely to happen by the end of the year? A. Sarah and Marge will each form their own group of friends. B. Sarah and Marge will not like each other. C. Sarah and Marge will become close friends. D. Sarah and Marge will take several classes together.

C. Sarah and Marge will become close friends

Dr. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. She will set up a learning laboratory and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers (given by a confederate of the researcher). How can Dr. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience? A. She can make the participants think she is unsure of her role as an authority figure. B. She can set up the learning laboratory in a room above a restaurant. C. She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university. D. She can have a second confederate in the room who is a role model for defiant behavior.

C. She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph. D from a prestigious university.

What might account for why, in college residence halls, students' attitudes become more similar to those living near them? A. They may have made a prior commitment. B. They may feel competent. C. They may feel as though others in the residence hall are observing their behavior. D. They do not admire the status of their residence hall.

C. They may feel as though others in the residence hall are observing their behavior

Stephanie's new roommate leaves dirty laundry all over her room, and she assumes she must be a slob. Stephanie is attributing her behavior to: A. her heavy course work B. her full-time employment C. a stable, enduring personality characteristic D. her dedication to her education

C. a stable, enduring, personality characteristic

_____are feelings that are based on beliefs; they predispose people to react in a particular way to objects, people, and events. A. perceptions B. attributions C. attitudes D. algorithms

C. attitudes

Muzafer Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment showed that perceptions of each of two groups at the camp were influenced by: A. the mere exposure effect. B. groupthink. C. competitive and cooperative activities. D. a person's intelligence.

C. competitive and cooperative activities

When people adjust their own behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, they are exhibiting: A. reciprocal determinism. B. the mere exposure effect. C. conformity. D. the self-serving bias.

C. conformity

While driving to work, Marcia's car started smoking and broke down on a road with a lot of traffic. Her cell phone's battery died so she could not call for help. She was unsuccessful in getting someone to stop to help for more than two hours until a police officer offered assistance. Marcia's difficulty in getting someone to help is an example of: A. social facilitation. B. reciprocity norm. C. diffusion of responsibility. D. the just-world phenomenon.

C. diffusion of responsibility

Tyler is with three of his friends at a restaurant. One of his friends yawns, then another friend, and then Tyler. Research has found that he and his friends that mimicked the yawn have increased levels of _____. A. friendship B. sympathy C. empathy D. group membership

C. empathy

The presence of sex-selective abortions in Asian countries is an example of A. gender stereotypes. B. explicit prejudice. C. gender prejudice. D. reflexive body responses.

C. gender prejudice

This is related to delinquency, hard drug use, and aggressive-bullying responses to frustration. A. low testosterone levels B. low MAOA gene expression C. high testosterone levels D. high MAOA gene expression

C. high testosterone levels

Maria and Dionne have worked together for several years. Each Christmas they exchange gifts and the gifts are pretty much equal in value. This best demonstrates: A. ingroup bias. B. social-responsibility. C. social exchange theory. D. reciprocity norm.

D. reciprocity norm

John Darley and Bibb Latane simulated a physical emergency in their laboratory. University students participated in a discussion over an intercom. Each student was in a separate cubicle, and only the person whose microphone was switched on could be heard. One of the students was an accomplice of the experimenters. When his turn came, he made sounds as though he were having an epileptic seizure and called for help. Those who thought others could also hear were: A. more likely to turn off their intercom. B. more likely to call the police for help. C. less likely to help. D. less likely to care what happened to the person faking the seizure.

C. less likely to help

Tameka is angry with Reggie for acting in a way she perceives as insensitive. She becomes quiet and sullen and does not respond to Reggie's attempt to communicate. He perceives Tameka as being sullen and insensitive to his attempts at conversation. The interaction between Tameka and Reggie is an example of: A. a social trap. B. group polarization. C. mirror-image perceptions. D. the mere exposure effect.

C. mirror-image perceptions.

Maria has been invited to a new church by one of her closest friends. When she first attends, everyone seems so nice and friendly. She begins attending regularly. After a few weeks, sexual activity is discussed during one of the lectures where the women are told that they are forbidden to resist the sexual advances of any of the men associated with the church. Maria looks around and sees several women nodding their head in agreement but Maria feels extremely uncomfortable. At what point is Maria most likely to resist this teaching? A. after it is discussed on more than one occasion B. when the teacher is another woman C. now, since it was first brought up D. when the teacher is a man

C. now, since it was first brought up

The power of the individual is referred to as: A. social control B. deindividuation C. personal control D. group polarization

C. personal control

Sara and a colleague are having dinner together. While they wait on their order, a Muslim family enters the restaurant and the woman is wearing a Hijab. Sara's colleague leans closer to her and says "I am not sure how she expects to eat with all of that junk covering her face." Her colleague is demonstrating: A. aggression. B. discrimination. C. prejudice. D. stereotype.

C. prejudice

Negative attitudes toward another group of people are referred to as _____ and are based on a mixture of beliefs called _____. A. stereotypes; prejudice B. prejudice; discrimination C. prejudice; stereotypes D. discrimination; prejudice

C. prejudice; stereotypes

Gussie and Max have been happily married for 54 years. This morning, however, Gussie made an unkind remark about Max's table manners. Given research findings on marital satisfaction and attribution, what did Max think of this comment? A. She has a negative personality disorder. B. She is a perfectionist with no patience. C. She must be having a bad day. D. She is always on my case; she is such an unforgiving person.

C. she must be having a bad day

Eulalia stops for a cup of coffee and the waitress yells at her when she sits at a table that has not been cleared. She is convinced that she should find another line of work--one in which her angry personality traits will not interfere with her job. However, she disregards the possibility that the restaurant is short of help that day. Eulalia has just fallen prey to: A. the gender-typing bias. B. foot-in-the-door phenomenon. C. the fundamental attribution error. D. confirmation bias.

C. the fundamental attribution error

Travis is on trial for attempted murder. He has pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. A psychiatrist has testified that Travis has a psychological disorder affecting aggressive behavior. What is likely to happen? A. The judge will give him the maximum sentence. B. The jury will find him guilty. C. The judge will give him a lighter sentence. D. The jury will find him not guilty

C. the judge will give him a lighter sentence

Marcus was upset because his boss, who had promised him a raise, decided not to give him the raise and to give it to a rival of Marcus instead. Marcus told his wife that he believed "what comes around goes around" and that both will "get theirs." This is an example of: A. mirror-image perceptions. B. deindividuation. C. the just-world phenomenon. D. the mere exposure effect.

C. the just-world phenomenon

Repeated exposure to novel stimuli causes people to have more positive feelings for them. This is known as: A. social facilitation. B. the fundamental attribution error. C. the mere exposure effect. D. cognitive dissonance.

C. the mere exposure effect

Beth and Marsha have worked together for about a year. They work well together and both are advancing in the career. What can best explain why Beth and Marsha like each other? A. physical attractiveness B. proximity C. the reward theory of attraction D. similarity

C. the reward theory of attraction

When are people most likely to obey? A. when the person giving orders is viewed as an equal B. when the person giving orders is far away C. when the person giving orders is seen as an authority figure D. when other people are disobeying

C. when the person giving orders is seen as an authority figure

Jesiah changes his internet name so that he will feel more comfortable posting comments on what he really thinks. How does this help him feel more comfortable? A. His comments now feel dispensable. B. Changing his name makes him feel excited. C. He wants to make sure that everyone knows who commented. D. He now feels anonymous.

D. He now feels anonymous

What might explain why, when asked controversial questions, students' answers are more diverse when using anonymous electronic clickers than when raising their hands? A. The students probably feel secure. B. The students may come from a culture that encourages civil disobedience. C. The students may view the class as unattractive. D. The students may feel as though others in the class are observing their behavior.

D. The students may feel as though others in the class are observing their behavior.

Lucas needs a new car but doesn't want to purchase a fuel efficient car because he thinks it is more expensive than the car he would like to buy. He also reasons that the fuel he would burn in his new car would not alter the greenhouse gases. His reasoning is an example of: A. bystander effect. B. conflict. C. self-conflict. D. a social trap.

D. a social trap

Discrimination is to _____ as prejudice is to _____. A. attitude; behavior B. behavior; stereotype C. feeling; behavior D. behavior; attitude

D. behavior; attitude

Mary and Bill are in a romantic relationship and met each other through an online dating service. Their relationship is likely to be: A. neither long lasting nor satisfying. B. long lasting. C. satisfying. D. both long lasting and satisfying.

D. both long lasting and satisfying

Hugh bought a new calculator for $125. One week later, he saw an ad from another store showing the same calculator on sale for $65. Hugh said, "I'm still glad I got my calculator; the cheaper ones are probably defective. I don't mind having paid more for mine." Hugh's statement reflects: A. the outgroup homogeneity effect. B. diffusion of responsibility. C. self-serving bias. D. cognitive dissonance reduction.

D. cognitive dissonance reduction

Marsha and Luke have been married for over 50 years and have 4 children and 8 grandchildren. They are currently experiencing: A. passionate love. B. friendship. C. equity. D. compassionate love.

D. compassionate love

In order to improve interactions among students from different ethnic backgrounds, a teacher would be advised to: A. create competition among students. B. use a reward structure based on race. C. create group polarization. D. create superordinate goals.

D. create superordinate goals

Frieda is typically very shy. However, while watching a rock concert with a huge crowd, she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of: A. the bystander effect. B. the mere exposure effect. C. social facilitation. D. deindividuation.

D. deindividuation

Seven-year-old Marcus's parents use harsh physical punishment and verbal intimidation to control his behavior. Studies have shown that if his parents continue this type of discipline, Marcus is more likely to: A. be more empathetic to others. B. learn more appropriate social skills. C. use less violent behavior in disciplining his children in the future. D. demonstrate delinquent behavior in the future.

D. demonstrate delinquent behavior in the future

What is most likely to be able to account for the emergence of student radicalism in the 1960's? A. social loafing B. groupthink C. social facilitation D. group polarization

D. group polarization

What is most likely to explain the growth of Islamic terrorism in the 1990's? A. social facilitation B. groupthink C. social loafing D. group polarization

D. group polarization

This is the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. A. deindividuation B. group polarization C. social facilitation D. groupthink

D. groupthink

Javier has the potential to be an honor student but frustrates his teachers because of his actions. Rather than work to succeed, he tends to "dumb down" to act more like the students with whom he hangs out. He has at times answered questions incorrectly in class, on purpose, in order to be more like his friends. Javier's behavior is an example of: A. informational social influence. B. ethnocentrism. C. groupthink. D. normative social influence.

D. normative social influence

Makayla has heard that the teachers are considering switching her to the gifted class. Makayla decides to "dumb down" to act more like her friends. She begins answering questions incorrectly in class, on purpose, in order to be more like her friends. Her behavior is an example of: A. ethnocentrism. B. groupthink. C. informational social influence. D. normative social influence.

D. normative social influence

Marla is at a physician's office waiting in the waiting area for her name to be called. She notices that an elderly woman is struggling physically to complete the new patient forms. Marla asks the elderly woman if she would like assistance and then proceeds to complete the forms for her. This best demonstrates: A. social exchange theory. B. ingroup bias. C. reciprocity norm . D. social-responsibility .

D. social-responsibility

According to contemporary newspaper accounts, although neighbors heard Kitty Genovese screaming for help as she was being murdered, they failed to call the police in time to save her. This best illustrates: A. the mere exposure effect. B. group polarization. C. social facilitation. D. the bystander effect.

D. the bystander effect

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of: A. deindividuation. B. social facilitation. C. mirror-image perceptions. D. the mere exposure effect.

D. the mere exposure effect

Why do many high school students form cliques (jocks, gamers, skaters, gangsters, freaks, geeks)? A. the belief that the world is just and that people get what they deserve B. the tendency to favor our own group C. implicit group associations D. the urge to distinguish enemies from friends

D. the urge to distinguish enemies from friends