Social Studies ch.3 lessons 3 and 4

A more radical group called the _____ wanted to organize all kinds of workers into one union

Industrialized unions of the world

one of the most famous female labor organizers was ______ ( also called _____)

Mary Harris Jones (Mother Jones)

in 1894 railway workers organized a strike against the ____________ when their wages were reduced. A federal court issued an _________________ to stop the strike.

Pullman Palace car company, injunction

What is a holding company?

a company whose primary business is owning a controlling share of stock in other companies

the most powerful union in the 1800s was the ________________, known as the ____________________. it represented the interests of __________ workers.

american federation of labor, AFL, skilled

What is a corporation?

and organization owned by many people but treaded by law as though it were a person.

How did large corporations achieve economies of scale?

by producing goods quickly in large quantities. reducing the cost of manufacturing.

this union's goals included an 8 hour workday, ____ shops, and companies to ____ unions.

closed, recognized

what are fixed costs in businesses?

costs that a company had to pay whether or not it is operating such as loan, mortgage, and tax payments.

in the 1800s, the two types of industrial workers in the united states were ______________ and ______________

craft workers and common laborers

the _____________ strike against a steel mill involved the use of replacement workers called ______________________

homestead, strike breakers

How is horizontal integration different from vertical integration?

horizontal is a company that buys its competitors in the same industry and combined them into one large corporation.

what new developments in retail sales occurred in the late 19th century?

included department stores, chain stores, and mail order catalogs.

the uneven divisions of ____ between The wealthy and the working class led to a feeling of resentment among the ________.

income, workers

Between 1860 and 1900, the average workers wages ________by 50 percent. however, working conditions were often ________.

increased, dangerous

Business leaders opposed workers of a particular Industry forming _______

industrial unions

in the 1900 ____ and ______ immigrants started the International ladies garment workers union to fight for better _____ and ______

jewish, Irish, wages, benefits.

What encourage the growth of the advertising industry?

larger retailers and a wide array of products encourage businesses to compete for customers with advertising.

companies used ________________ to break up unions by refusing to allow employees into their facilities to work

lockouts

the knights of labor opposed _______, preferring to use more peaceful means such as ___ and ___.

strikes, boycotts, arbitration

How were large corporations able to operate in poor economic times?

they're fixed costs were greater than their operating costs, meaning it made sense to operate even when sales were low due to a poor economy.

Why do corporations issue stock?

to raise large amounts of money for big projects while spreading out the financial risk among its investors.

Who is Andrew Carnegie?

wealthy industrialist known for his vertical integration in the steel industry.

Who is John D. Rockefeller?

wealthy industrialists known for achieving total horizontal integration of the oil refinery industry.

What is vertical integration of a company?

when a company buys all of different companies. it depends on it for business.