Social Studies Chapter 2

About how many people lived in the early complex villages?

5000

Government

A group of people who keep law and order and make laws.

Social Class

A group with similar backgrounds, income or ways of living.

Specialization

A skill in one kind of work.

Technology

Applies knowledge, tools and inventions to meet the peoples needs.

What is Catal Huyuk?

Catal Huyuk was a neolithic city (Small Village) in southern Turkey that is still around today. One of the world's first cities

What did surplus lead to?

Decrease in leisure time Increase in population Decrease in specialization Increase in gathering

What was one of the first inventions of early man?

Fire

Hunters and Gatherers

Hunted animals and gathered plants and food.

Explain: " technology gave early humans more control over their environment."

It made it so they were smarter and there hunting increased. also, since they were smarter, they could make better tools.

What does their art tell us about early humans?

It tells us about daily life back then and how they lived. Also, they had art of bulls and other animals because they wanted to figure out there hunting strategy, or make the have have good luck

Surplus

More of something than as needed to survive. A situation in which the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded

Migration

Moving to place to place to settle. Hunting-gathering bands did this in order to find food and shelter. It defines nomadic existence and explains the spread of humanity throughout the earth in prehistoric times.

Artisans

People trained to skills or crafts. skilled workers who make goods by hand

Nomad

People who move place to place. wandering from place to place

Agriculture

Planting seeds to raise crops. Farming

Irrigation

The watering of crops Supplying land with water through a network of canals

Religon

Worship of gods or spirits.

Early farmers discovered that land was especially rich in which location?

africa, asia, and america

What can you infer from the fact that the introduction of agriculture is referred to as a "revolution"?

agricultural revolution is the name given to the shift of food gatherings to food raising

List three examples of human culture discussed in this lesson.

art,Language and Religion

How did the end of the ice age affect the way people live?

as the ice retreated new lands opened up

What are two reasons that farming first developed in river valleys?

because of irrigation, and how it was easier to water crops

Why might one group of hunter-gathers be threatened by another that moved into its area?

because the group that moved in the other groups area might kill all the animals in that area and the group that was there originally there would have to move.

How did specialization and the development of different trades lead to the development of social classes?

because they can trade with other villages and get stuff like pots. and they would want to learn how to make them so they would spend years of practice. and that lead to the development of social classes.

Slash and burn

farming technique; cut trees and then burned them to provide ash enriched soil

What fact of village life led to the need for government?

if they did not have government, everything would be a mess. there were so many people too. with a government, they could control everything and it would not be as bad.

What is technology?

it is the way all people use knowledge , tools, and inventions.

What factors encouraged the settlement of villages?

it was when they found out the soil was rich and good for villages and their tools were better, AND with all the good soil, they were able to plant more crops.

List and define the characteristics of complex villages.

larger populations, beginning of government, public building, specialized workers, and trade.

How might the settlement of communities have affected the development of human culture?

less people needed to farm and could focus on other areas

Define surplus.

more than what they needed to survive.

What is the shift from food gathering to food production called?

neolithic age

How did surplus contribute to the development of religion?

since they had more than they needed, they could develop by making more things, and farming would increase. It would also help villages with food on bad seasons.

What is the earliest example of a tool mentioned in the textbook?

stone tools

What is one example of how farmers in the Americas adapted to the environment?

terracing the land

What are two rivers mentioned in the text that were the scene of early farming development?

the Nile in Africa, and the Huang He in China.

How might language have helped make hunters more effective?

they can communicate better with each other so they can say to each other when to attack

What were some examples of the kinds of artisans found in complex villages?

they found pottery, and necklaces, and other stuff.

2. How did prehistoric people use available natural resources for food, hunting, and clothing?

they used it to eat, hunt, and make clothing.

Domesticate

to tame; to bring plants or animals under human control.

How did the ability to control fire affect early humans?

without it they would be cold. Also, if they did not have it they would not be able to cook there food.