Social Studies Lesson 32 Greek Philosophy

online content Explain some of Anaxagoras teachings and theories on science? (site 1)

He thought that the sun and the moon were fiery stones; he thought that air is a gas and he had a theory on atoms.

student of Socrates who wrote "The Republic"

Plato

online content Why was Plato dissatisfied and what caused him to leave Athens? (site 1)

Plato was dissatisfied because they killed his teacher/friend using suicide by poison and he didn't agree with what was being forced upon him. The reason why he left Athens was because he had to leave otherwise they might have killed him also.

How are Aristotle's teachings related to the scientific method used by scientists today?

Scientists use observations all of the time. Aristotle urged people to make observations just like todays scientists.

a traveling professional teacher

Sophist

sophist

Sophists were any group of professional fifth-century BC. Greek philosophers and teachers who speculated on theology, metaphysics, and the sciences, and who were later characterized by Plato as superficial manipulators of rhetoric and dialectic. *The practice of taking fees, coupled with the willingness of many Sophists to use their rhetorical skills to pursue unjust lawsuits, eventually led to a decline in respect for practitioners of this form of teaching.

philosophy

The study of nature and meaning of life and comes from the Greek word for "love of wisdom". *Ancient Greek philosophy may be divided into the pre-Socratic period, the Socratic period, and the post-Aristotelian period.

considered by some to be the greatest historian of the ancient world

Thucydides

online content What made Thucydides' writing different from others, specifically concerning the Peloponnesian War? (site 2)

Thucydides didn't use poetry and he talked to people. he didn't use preconceptions as others did.

Socrates believed that there was an absolute right and wrong and so was a critic of the Sophists. True or False

True

'''....I may and must pray to the gods that my departure hence be a fortunate one; so I offer this prayer and may it be granted.' With these words he [Socrates] raised the cup to his lips and very cheerfully drained it. Up to that tome most of us had been able to restrain our tears fairly well, but when we...saw that he had drunk the poison, we could do so no longer....It was not for him that I wept, but for my own misfortune in being deprived of such a friend...Such was the end....of our friend, who was, as we may say, of all of his time whom we have known, the best and wisest and most righteous man." -Plato, as quoted in Eyewitness to History Why did Plato weep? a. He was sad for Socrates b. He was losing a friend c. He was scared d. He was sad for his friends

b. He was losing a friend

Who wrote the "Odyssey"? a. Sophocles b. Homer c. Euripides d. Aesop

b. Homer

Which Greek scholar wrote the work "The Republic"? a. Thucydides b. Aristotle c. Plato d. none of these

c. Plato

What did the city fathers of Athens do to Araxagoras's teachings at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War? a. endorsed them b. embraced them as a revelation c. banned the teaching of them d. none of the above

c. banned the teaching of them

Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles, son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another. -Homer, the Iliad Book 1 Translated by Samuel Butler What does "many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures" mean? a. dogs hated vultures b. dogs and vultures hunted each other c. many heroes died d. vultures hunted dogs

c. many heroes died

believed that the human mind could understand everything

philosopher

Greek Historians

•First real histories of Western civilization -Heredotus (485 BC) •wrote the history of the Persian Wars -Thucydides •history of the Peloponnesian War •War and Politics not activities of gods.

Greek Philosophy and History Objectives

•Identify the ideas Greek philosophers developed that are still used today. •Explain why the Greeks wrote the first real histories in Western Civilization

Greek Philosophers •Socrates

-Critics of the Sophists •Believed there was an absolute right and wrong -Socratic method •When a student asks a question they are answered with a question to make the student think and figure it using what he/she knows -He left no writings but later his students did write down his ideas -Sentenced to death by poison for his teachings

Greek Philosophers •Philosophy

-Philosophers •Pythagoras -believed that the mind could learn anything

Greek Philosophers •Plato

-Republic ** •Rejected democracy as a system of government •Philosopher-kings should rule society

Greek Philosophers •Aristotle

-Student of Plato -Opened the Lyceum •taught "golden mean" -Basically means that nothing should be done in excess. -Helped to advance science -Politics ** •Favored a mixed government-He wrote 200 books on his philosophy.

Greek Philosophers •The Sophists

-Use knowledge to improve oneself -No absolute right or wrong -Taught people how to argue -They didn't believe that the gods and goddesses controlled the peoples fate.

socratic method

A method of teaching by question and answer; used by Socrates to elicit truths from his students. *The Socratic method is a form of teaching that is still used to this day.

philosopher

A thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders questions about life. *Some of the main philosophers in Greek history are Socrates, Plato, Euclid, and Pythagoras.