Socialogy Midterm
Today the majority of mass media outlets are owned by _______corporations. this is a product of _______
6 Media consolidation
Personal location
Age, sex, occupation
Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective.
Conflict theory
Herbet Spencer
Father of Social Darwinism
Auguste Comte
Father of sociology, positivism
What is a negative risk of media globalization?
Governments censoring info for their benefit
Obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard =
High culture
Organic Solidarity (Durkheim)
Large, social bond in modern day society; diverse; people bond together based on tasks performed, interdependence, and individual rights
It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? a. Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development b. George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development c. Nature vs. Nurture d. Freud's theory of self-development
Nature vs Nurture
physical location
Place you live, environment
MTV'S widely watched tv series =
Popular culture
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____
Reliability
On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overheard a group of girls calling her goth and emo. She spins begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of _____
Role performance
Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as a mother, wife, and executive is an example of _____
Role strain
Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using data. What type of research should he conduct!?
Secondary data analysis
Conflict Theory
Seeks to discover tensions that exist in society
Mechanical Solidarity (Durkheim)
Small social bonds present in premodern society; people in a simple agricultural society were bonded together by shared traditions, beliefs, and experiences (little diversity)
example of sociological imagination
Suicide, personal decision, but influenced by larger forces
example of counterculture
The hippie movement of the 1960's
Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a. The preparatory stage b. The play stage c. The game stage d. The "generalized other" stage
The play stage
Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:
The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.
Peer groups are important to adolescents because:
They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents parents
One side of net neutrality
Those who provide internet service should be treated as common carriers, legally prohibited from discriminating based on the customer or nature of the goods
Parents often socialize their children to: a. Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow b. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow c. Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences d. Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people
Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow
Gemeinschaft (Tonnies)
a small close-knit community, often found in rural areas, in which strong personal bonds unite members; togetherness
primary group
a small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation/relationships
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? Question options: a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict Theory c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Behaviorism
b. conflict theory
Max Weber
bureaucracy
Karl Marx
class conflict, conflict theory, father of communism
Sociology is not
common sense
role strain
conflicts that someone feels within a role
Charles Cooley
looking glass self
Symbolic Interactionism
looks at individuals' everyday behavior and communication through symbols and shared meanings, how individuals cope, adapt and adjust in society
agents of socialization
social institutions, including families, schools, religion, and peer groups that help to shape individuals' basic political beliefs and values
Emile Durkheim
social integration
sociological imagination
the ability to see the link between society and self
collective conscience
the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society
language
a symbolic system of communication and culture transmission
Many Americans pay for haircuts, the dentist, or transportation on bus systems. Theese actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of ______
Non- material culture
Reliability
a measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality? a. Carol Gilligan b. Erik Erikson c. Sigmund Freud d. Lawrence Kholberg
Carol Gilligan
What is the difference between a more and a folkway
Mores May carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not
The term value neutrality is defined by the text as A. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results B. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research C. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand D. A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population
A
Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, & the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races?
A conflict theorist
Not an example of organic solidarity
A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama
Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. Question options: a. Qualitative b. Pathos c. Logos d. Quantitative
A. Quantitative
Which of the following is not one of Marx's four types of alienation? A. Alienation from ones religion B. Alienation from the product of ones labor C. Alienation from ones self D. Alienation from others
Alienation from ones religion
The term values can be defined as: a) The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. b) A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society. c) Scripture found within the Bible. d) Federal laws and regulations.
B. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.
Social context
Broad, narrow, intimate (see the bigger picture)
After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. Question options: a. Conflict theorist b. Structural functionalist c. Symbolic interactionist d. Feminist conflict theorist
C. Symbolic interactionist
How has advertising revenue changed in the past years?
Cable and online revenue has remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly
Miguel is doing a research paper on New York's riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the events, & watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a _________
Case study
Durkheim defines ___ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society
Collective conscience
Society and Culture
Could not exist without each other
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears shorts and a tank top while visiting temples her first week, she is met by hostility form the locals. She feels she doesn't know how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____
Culture Shock
As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because: A. Collective norms are weakened B. Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness C. Specialization of labor lead to alienation D. All of the above
D all of the above
Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and to her surprise finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate food" she tells her family. "I hate the language and the music". "America is the best place to be". This is an example of _____
Ethnocentrism
Quincia is studying how the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small rural town in North Dakota. She spends 2 months observing the townspeople. She is conducting
Ethnography
After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: a. Digital divide b. Design patent c. Stolen technology d. Evolutionary model of technological change
Evolutionary model of technological change
Sociology is distinguished by its focus on
Groups
Culture
Guide for living
John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.
Independent = # of laptops Dependent= grades
Emile durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was:
It defined the difference between sociology & psychology
Education is important to society because
It teaches children facts about the world they live in It teaches them how to interact with peers It teaches them to react to authority & behave (All of the above)
Functionalism
Likens society to a machine or an organism
material culture
Man made object, tangible, physical items produced and used by members of a specific culture group and reflective of their traditions, lifestyles, and technologies
Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans & chuck Taylor's to an infamous "White" party. The majority of the party goers Rufus's to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of _____
Social control
During her fist day of kindergarten, Maria does not understand how the lunch line works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Maria's experience in the lunchroom is an example of ______
Socialization
interpretive framework
a sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing
A class of third graders is told the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teachers reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave good. This is an example of _________
The Hawthorne Effect
Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:
The group is better informed than they are
non-material culture
The intangible ideas of the mind, language, knowledge , religion
When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of: a. In-Group/Out-Group dynamic b. The McDonaldization of Society c. A bureaucracy d. Counter-culture
The mcdonalization of society
Meritocracy
a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit—proven and documented skills
Gesellschaft (Tonnies)
a community, often urban, that is large and impersonal, with little commitment to the group or consensus on values
The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as:
a form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly
secondary group
a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity
total institution
an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? a) A shift in her desire to enjoy life. b) A shift in her reading habits. c) Resocialization. d) A complete and permanent loss of herself.
c. resocialization
A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization
coercive organization
Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of: a. Consumer-oriented discretion b. Laissez-faire leadership c. Conformity d. Out-group dynamics
conformity
The term media globalization can be defined as: a) The cross-cultural development and exchange of computer hardware. b) The governmental sanction allowing worldwide access to media education. c) The inability of geographically rural areas to access new media. d) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
d) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
habitualization
describes how "any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern, which can then be ... performed again in the future in the same manner and with the same economical effort"
Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: a. Computer lag b. Digital divide c. Technological pause d. New media
digital divide
Three major theoretical perspectives
functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism
Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. a. Tertiary data b. Interactive data c. Primary data d. Secondary data
secondary data
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Exchange Theory
symbolic interactionism
A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.
symbolic interactionist
reference group
the group to which an individual compares him- or herself for a given identity
McDonaldization of Society
the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions
The term technological diffusion is defined as:
the spread of technology across borders
Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization
utilitarian organization