SOCIH 1301 Final

How do we decide when to display situational ethnicity?

We do a cost-benefit analysis.

Daria's research examines how the use of culturally biased exams in university admission ensures that most of the students who gain admittance are a part of the dominant group. This research is in line with _____.

conflict theory

What must behavior, trait, or belief do in order to be considered deviant?

depart from a norm and generate a negative reaction

Madison is having a birthday party in her home in Tomball, Texas. When Madison is given a present, she responds by saying "Hmmm. Interesting." At the party, Elijah is drinking alcohol but is only 19. While Madison is violating _____. Elijah is violating _____.

deviance, crime

Paul lives in a high-crime area. Many of the people he sees in the course of a day and knows are involved in criminal activities, thus increasing his opportunity to learn criminal behavior. Which of the following concepts best explains why Paul might engage in crime?

differential association

Lucas was a former owner of a fresh seafood company. Now, he is homeless, living in his car, and relying on his local food pantry for assistance. Lucas has experienced _____.

downward social mobility

Olivia feels that she is always acting. Depending on the situation, sometimes she is playing the part of a student, sometimes a store clerk, sometimes a daughter, and sometimes a girlfriend. Olivia's view is in line with _____.

dramaturgy

When Americans adopt the goal of spreading democracy all around the world, they are suggesting that democracy is better than anything else another country might already have in place. This is an example _____.

ethnocentrism

The trend in the United States where most poor families are headed by women is called _____.

feminization of poverty

Ellie purchases a Barbie for her 5-year-old daughter and tells her that women should express their femininity by wearing make-up, keeping a clean house, and offering a gentle demeanor to others. This is an example of _____.

gender socialization

Bill works as a sales manager and earns approximately $60,000 a year. He owns his home and has $20,000 in the bank as an emergency fund. He also owns a rental property from which he earns $12,000 a year. The $60,000 salary is part of Bill's _____.

income

The Hyattsville Country Club requires that an applicant's grandfather be a member of the club in order to qualify for membership. Because blacks were not allowed to join the club in the 1960s and 1970s, there are no black members today. This rule, which maintains the advantage for the dominant group, while providing the appearance of fairness to all is an example of _____.

institutional discrimination

What two complementary roles did the functionalist Talcott Parsons identify within the family?

instrumental and expressive

One of our first activities involved examining a photo to illustrate three themes of the course. The story of Houston area traffic was used to illustrate _____ as one of the main themes of this course.

interelatedness

For social scientists, it is not surprising that so many people get asked, "What are you?" in reference to their race. This is evidence that race _____.

is socially constructed

Riley is interested in examining the Zika virus and is concerned with the small interactions of daily life. Which of these would they be interested in studying?

language barriers between healthcare providers and patients

Debbie is interested in how changes in society are related to homelessness. She is examining how the movement of factory jobs from the United States to overseas locations has contributed to the increase in the number of homeless. Debbie's analysis is being conducted at the _____ level.

macrosociological

Jayden is a 21-year-old, African American, sociology student, honors student, and boyfriend. When he and his sociology professor interact, Jayden's status as student is the one that dominates all others and is an example of _____.

master status

During last year's Puppy Bowl, Dairy Queen aired a commercial for DQ's Red Velvet Cupid Cake and Spoon Case intended to parody Jared the Galleria of Jewelry's "syrupy, romantic ads". In the commercial, a man surprises a woman with a velvet jewelry box that - to her delight - contains a plastic spoon. In this context, the spoon itself is _____.

material culture

Which of the following is an example of a microaggression?

men who whistle at and catcall a woman who is walking down the street

In the U.S., Native Americans make up a small portion of the total population and lack the level of power and privilege enjoyed by whites. As such, Native Americans are a _____.

minority group

Jeffery Dahmer was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison for this offense. He also practiced cannibalism on his victims. In this situation, the act of murder could be described as the violation of a __________, while cannibalism could be described as the violation of a __________.

more; taboo

Which one of the following represents the best example of material culture?

physical objects people have invented, such as a diamond ring

Sheila's belief in ________ has her maintain that different groups in society can treat each other with respect and not discriminate even if minority groups maintain their own cultural distinctiveness.

pluralism

Samuel thought Lee was going to be a bad driver based on a ________ that Samuel holds against Asian American drivers.

prejudice

Dr. Smith is conducting research to determine the number of females in leadership positions in Fortune 500 companies. Dr. Smith is using which of the following research approaches?

quantitative research

Rosa has never been to a Bar Mitzvah before so she is unsure of the appropriate dress for the occasion. When she arrives, Rosa checks out what the other women are wearing. She is pleased to see that most women are wearing elegant dresses like her own. The women at the party make up Rosa's _____.

reference group

Katherine cannot wait until she can purchase a brand new BMW. Sociologically, the car most likely _____.

represents a status symbol

What will a good researcher always do after formulating a general research question?

review the literature relevant to their topic

Mary has been taking classes at the community college for the last 8 years. However, Mary is not pursuing a degree. Because Mary accepts the traditional means of a achieving goal, but is not interested in the goal, she is a _____.

ritualist

As a mother, Jenny is expected to be at her daughter's dance recital this afternoon. However, as dean of the college, Jenny is expected to participate in a college-wide meeting for upper-level administrators. Because Jenny is being forced to choose between the competing demands of two different roles, she is experiencing _____.

role conflict

Diego has a paper due in his sociology class, a test in his chemistry class, and a presentation to prepare for his speech class. On top of this, he needs to meet with his advisor to plan his schedule for next academic term. Diego feels stressed. He is most likely experiencing _____.

role strain

As a father, John cooks dinner for his children, helps them with their homework, and arranges their play dates. These activities reflect John's _____.

roles

Your sociology class this semester is an example of a/n _____.

secondary group

In the film Zootopia, Judy dreams of being the first bunny police officer. Her parents tell her that it is good to have dreams as long as you don't believe in them. This is an example of _____.

socialization

The sale of ice cream cones and the number of children who drown in swimming pools in Chicago both increase during the summer months. The increase in ice cream cone sales and children drowned are probably both explained by rising temperatures. When the temperature rises, a large number of people purchase ice cream to stay cool. Also, a large number of people go swimming and accidentally drown. This suggests that there is a _________________ between ice cream sales and the number of drownings.

spurious correlation

When sociologists study the existence of structured inequalities in a society, they refer to that structure as _____.

stratification

Understanding race and ethnicity as social constructions is a significant contribution of _____.

symbolic interaction

Some believe it is considered acceptable for sociologists to do covert participant observation - studying some situation without announcing they are doing research. This is done to combat the problem of _____.

the Hawthorne Effect

In the movie Mean Girls, students identified each other using categories like "jock," "cheerleader," "skater," and "nerd." Which theory would argue that classification systems like these influence the way you see people?

the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

The nature vs. nurture debate helps us understand _____.

the complex interaction between hereditary traits and social learning

Jackie completed her MBA from a prestigious university and got an entry-level position with a financial firm. Although she worked diligently and produced everything that was asked of her, she was not able to advance in the firm as much as male colleagues with similar credentials and job performance. It is likely that Jackie encountered _____.

the glass ceiling

Imagine a child who consistently gets mediocre grades and is often picked last for team games. He likes to make silly jokes and play pranks and he notices that people laugh when he does so. The child starts to think that others are laughing with him, not at him. This is part of the process that Charles Cooley called _____.

the looking-glass self

Anna explains that divorce has been influenced by social trends such as the increasing availability of jobs, which allows women to support themselves. Anna is using _____.

the sociological imagination

_____ is an early sociologist who published extensively in the United States on topics such as immigration and urban neighborhoods. Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated as her work as co-founder of Hull House, she was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Jane Addams

Daniel believes the engine of social change is conflict between social groups and the most important factor in social life is a person's relationship to the means of production. Daniel's views are in line with _____.

Karl Marx

Which of following is NOT an example of discrimination?

A female clerk waits on a Black couple who was first in the store instead of waiting on a Hispanic couple who entered the store second.

Emma is teaching a college class for the first time. She tries to present a professional image in dress and speech while actively teaching a classroom full of students. She works hard to show her students that she is professional and knowledgeable. Her attempt to shape how they view her is an example of _____.

Impression Management

In what way is a game of football like society according to George Herbert Mead?

In both football and society, individuals have to take into account the roles and points of view of everyone else.

Sociology as a field of study emerged out of which of the following events?

Industrial Revolution and Enlightenment

Which of the following is a serious flaw in the way the federal government defines poverty?

It does not take into account regional differences in the cost of living.

There are usually serious consequences when a politician is caught cheating on his spouse. In some cases, the politician is forced to resign from his office when his constituents loudly express their unhappiness with such behavior. According to Émile Durkheim, what function does this reaction serve?

It helps to clarify moral boundaries and reinforce the idea that marital infidelity is wrong.

Which of the following is one of the basic principles of social stratification?

It is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared in a society.

Addison argues that religion is the central force in social change. Addison also argues that as the Industrial Revolution progressed, society became increasingly rationalized. Addison's views are in line with _____.

Max Weber

Although they make very little money, priests, ministers, rabbis, imams, and clergy are often prestigious members of their communities. Which social theorist first suggested that this is an important element of class status?

Max Weber

At Walgreen's, pharmacists use a machine to dispense pills when filling prescriptions. This machine helps to limit human error. This reflects ______.

McDonaldization of society

How do most sociologists differentiate between sex and gender?

Sex is biological; gender is social.

A famous social scientist tells you that the most important task in her research was entering the social world of the people she was studying. What can you say about this researcher?

She is a qualitative researcher.

Which of the following statements about the process of socialization is true?

Society shapes the individual and the individual shapes society.

Jill is visiting her boyfriend's family in China. During a conversation, she points to him with her index finger, which his family doesn't seem to like. Later, her boyfriend explains that she should point with an open hand instead of using a finger. Why is this instruction needed?

The meaning of gestures is not universal.

What do most Americans claim about their class status?

They are middle class.

If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. This classic statement is known as the _____.

Thomas theorem

You are taking your first sociology course. You plan to conduct an impromptu sociological experiment by violating some social norms. Which of the following actions could you potentially take?

You eat your dinner with your hands, even the mashed potatoes.

The slogan "what happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas" is an example of _____.

a moral holiday

How do sociologists define race?

a social category based on real or perceived biological differences

A person loudly proclaiming that "all big dogs are mean and vicious" is an example of _____.

a stereotype

Aria is a single woman with no dependents. She is unable to afford basic necessities, such as housing and healthcare. What type of poverty is she experiencing?

absolute poverty

Jayden is a 21-year-old, African American, sociology student, honors student, and boyfriend. Jayden's status as honors student is an example of _____.

achieved status

Which of the following is an example of resocialization?

an individual relearning basic skills after a car accident

Jayden is a 21-year-old, African American, sociology student, honors student, and boyfriend. Jayden's race is an example of _____.

ascribed status

Addison is a high school senior and thinks that she is overweight, although she weighs only 102 pounds and is 5 feet 7 inches tall. When her therapist asks Addison what makes her think she is overweight, Anna says that she is bigger than all of the supermodels that she sees on television and in fashion magazines. To Addison the supermodels represent her _____.

both out-group and reference group

Sam is a part of this social class. As identified by Marx, this social includes the ruling elite who own the means of production. Sam is a member of the _____.

bourgeoisie

The high school is a formal organization that is divided into a hierarchy of different departments with the principal's office at the top, followed by the vice principals' offices, the various deans, and the department heads. As such, the high school is a _____.

bureaucracy

Poverty can be defined in either relative or absolute terms. How is poverty defined according to relative deprivation?

by comparing the poor with more affluent members of society

An individual was born into a position of power and privilege. Their place in society is permanently fixed. This individual is a member of a _____.

caste system

An individual is born into great wealth but loses his/her fortune and dies in poverty. This scenario would be most typical of a(an) _____.

class system

August Comte is known for _____.

coining the term "sociology"