sociology 7, 8, 9, 10...

The term that describes a rule or expectation for behavior is a

norm

Jasmine, who is African American, dislikes Arab Americans simply because they are Arab. This is an example of:

prejudice

In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Black people to live separately from White people and forbade sexual relations between races. This is an example of

segregation

Karl Marx called those who own the means of production ______ and those who make their living by selling their own labor power for a wage ______.

the bourgeoisie; the proletariat

Iris is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at the mall. She knows that every girl in school would admire the bag and want to be just like her. When she walked into the store, she whipped out her credit card and bought the $4,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is referred to as:

Conspicuous consumption

Deviance is always considered a crime.

False

Which theory is closest to the arguments of Karl Marx?

conflict theory

In Robert Merton's typology, the majority of people in society are

conformists

What factors are considered in determining one's standard of living?

All of these answers are correct

Which factor is LEAST likely to explain IQ differences between Black people and White people?

genetic factors

Which of the following statements most accurately compares a crime to a deviant act?

A crime is a particular type of deviant act that breaks the law.

The majority of American citizens are descendants of immigrants.

True

Strain theory

addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.

Which of the following is a shortcoming of the Uniform Crime Report's validity?

all of these responses are correct

Conflict theorists would argue that laws

are used by the powerful to maintain their own privileged positions.

Which of the following sociological theories views deviance as necessary for society and contributing to its overall stability?

functionalist theory

Aneesa was born to a lower class family in rural Ohio. After taking a job in the mail room of a corporate office, Aneesa is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes the president of the company by the age of 50. She is now part of the upper class and has a house and two cars. Aneesa's story demonstrates what type of social mobility?

intragenerational mobility

Rana, who is an American, believes that all Samoan people have the same bad character. This is an example of:

stereotyping

What is the goal of a sanction?

to promote conformity to social norms and protect against nonconformity

Which of the following is an example of cultural appropriation?

A British fashion designer using Indigenous Canadian designs in their new fashion line.

What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime?

A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristic.

______, a concept Émile Durkheim brought into wide usage in sociology, refers to a situation in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior.

Anomie

Marianne's mother was sent to prison when she was 11 for trafficking drugs. Her brother was arrested when she was 14 for possession of opioids. By the time she was 18, Marianne had been arrested three times for cocaine possession. Which theory best describes Marianne's experiences?

Differential association theory

In 2008, countries all over the world were impacted by the global recession. After the housing market collapsed in the USA, people lost their jobs and were no longer able to afford their mortgage payments or buy as much as they used to. For many people, this was a time of:

Downward mobility

______ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts.

Ethnicity

Elena is the daughter of a wealthy CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Kate grew up on a farm and worked the land to make a living. They are getting married in September. In terms of class, this marriage will be:

Exogamous

Constantine is currently a citizen of Japan. She identifies as Black and Haitian. What is Constantine's ethnicity?

Haitian

How does the government determine the poverty line?

It calculates a strict, no-frills budget based on cost estimates for different family sizes.

In second grade, Abid is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had some behavior problems a few years past. Throughout elementary school, Abid gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Abid eventually drops out of school, thinking that he was born to fail anyways. Which perspective best fits this scenario?

Labeling theory

_______ are norms governments define as principles that their citizens must follow; _______ are any type of behavior that violates these norms.

Laws; crimes

Which of the following is an example of racial steering?

Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain areas and people of color in other areas.

Carolina believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Carolina's perspective is:

Symbolic interactionist

Which group in the United States has been stereotypes as model minority?

The Asian American community

Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race?

The concept of race plays an important role in the reproduction of patterns of power and inequality.

Assimilation is:

The process by which a minoritized individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture.

According to sociologists, wealth disparities by race can be explained by which of the following statements?

Wealth accumulates over time and government policies in the past have prevented certain racial groups from accumulating wealth.

Secondary deviance refers to

When a person's self-image and behavior begin to change after their actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

When Lawrence, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Chris, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander, and on the same road, the officer stops him and gives him a ticket, even though his driving record is clean. This is an example of:

White privilege

A subculture whose members hold values that differ substantially from those of the majority is called

a deviant subculture.

Alia graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa honors society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years, she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is raised on the principles of:

a meritocracy.

Intergenerational mobility is best described as when

a person has a different class position from that of his or her parents or grandparents.

Joe is a straight-A student and wants to go to a four-year college after high school. When his friends encourage him to skip class and hang out with them, he refuses to do so because he doesn't want to jeopardize his GPA. This is an example of

control theory.

A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. What is this scenario an example of?

discrimination

In Robert Merton's typology, drug dealers would be considered

innovators

Functionalists like Emile Durkheim believe that some deviance in society is:

necessary because it challenges people's views.