sociology ch1 and 2
the term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by
Auguste Comte
the titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the_____ and the ____.
Bourgeoisie; proletariat
the pioneering sociologist who founded Chicago's hull house to assist immigrants and who was awarded the Nobel peace prize was
Jane Addams
the theory that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
the theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the
Structural-Functional Approach
the early US sociologist who earned the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color was
WEB Du Bois
Dr. Zak is trying to determine what traits, if any, high-achieving students have that students who do poorly on his exams do not possess. To assess personal information from both groups of students, what research method should Dr. Zak probably use?
a survey
a clash of values between opposing groups in society that is so severe it may result in extremely high tension, violence, and social upheaval
culture war
norms that are not strictly enforced
folkways
a group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors distinguish its members from the larger culture
subculture
the theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is the
symbolic-interaction approach
what is use of objective and systematic observation to test theories, one that is often employed by sociologists?
the scientific method
What might a sociologist say about why an individual chooses a particular person to marry?
this shows that the social world guides human behavior
One of the liabilities in using the participant observation as a research method is that findings are difficult to generalize.
true
Viewing bullfighting from its history, its folklore, its ideas of bravery, and its concepts about sex roles is an example of cultural relativism.
true
When on "moral holiday," norms are expected to be broken.
true
a person receiving a positive sanction would be expected to maintain the behavior that he or she exhibited when receiving the sanction
true
according to the principles of symbolic interactionism, symbols not only allow relationships to exist, they also allow society to exist
true
interviewer bias may occur because of researcher's sex, race, or perceived ethnicity
true
a group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture
counterculture
historically, the sociological perspective was most likely to develop in
countries experiencing rapid social change
the spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another
cultural diffusion
the concept "counterculture" refers to
cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held.
the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative sanction of their values, norms, and behaviors
ethnocentrism
Sociologist use the concept of "norms" to describe_____
expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values
Durkheim documented that categories of people with weaker social ties have lower suicide rates.
false
Sociologist agree that human behavior has been bred into us through evolutionary principles.
false
commonsense ideas are the best topics to choose for sociological research, because they represent "what everyone knows"
false
researchers are violating people's privacy when gathering information from facebook because the internet is technically a private domain
false
Sam is conducting interviews to assess students' opinions on how President Bush handled the second Gulf War. Because this is a controversial topic at Sam's conservative campus, what is the best way for him to develop a sense of rapport with the sample?
he should begin by asking neutral questions and holding off on sensitive issue
the values and norms that people in society officially hold and want to pass onto their children
ideal culture
Jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of ________.
material culture
the classification of culture that includes art, buildings, weapons, machines, and clothing
material culture
a time when people are allowed to break norms without penalty
moral holiday
an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm
negative sanction
the classification of culture that includes beliefs, ideas, values and assumptions
nonmaterial culture
a reward or expression of approval for following a norm
postive sanction
the norms and values that people actually follow
really culture
all of the following statements are accurate in describing gestures, EXCEPT for which one ?
social scientists have identified many common gestures and agree that gestures are universal
when the mormons first established their settlement in Utah, they would have been classified a counterculture because at the time they believed in practiced of polygyny
true
