Sociology chapter 10- Les Geisler

In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage

d. 96 percent

Which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the Trump presidency?

d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism.

As a result of successive potato famines that produced widespread starvation, 1.5 million people migrated to the United States from ______ in the nineteenth century and settled mostly in ______ areas.

d. Ireland; urban

More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from

d. Latin America or Asia.

______ is the model of ethnic integration that exists in Switzerland.

d. Multiculturalism

According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States?

d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas.

Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race?

d. Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-white inequality is the restriction or segregation of Blacks in physical space known as the ghetto.

Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II?

d. The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war.

What is a characteristic of white privilege?

d. Whites may often benefit from it without even realizing it.

A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." This interaction best illustrates which of the following statements?

d. Whites sometimes assume that the Asian American person they are speaking to is an immigrant.

A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. What is this scenario an example of?

d. discrimination

Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called

d. displacement.

In 1735, Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus published a modern classification scheme of human populations. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup

d. had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered.

Sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicial attitudes about Hispanic people. She negatively evaluates a Hispanic applicant because she has "no cultural flavor" in her application. This shows that

d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate.

Blacks account for roughly ______ of the U.S. population and ______ of chief executives.

a. 13 percent; 3 percent

Who would MOST likely believe that strengthening the Black family is the solution to racial inequality?

a. Daniel Patrick Moynihan

______ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts.

a. Ethnicity

The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what?

a. It outlawed the racial segregation of lunch counters and other public places.

Which of the following Hispanic groups is the largest?

a. Mexican Americans

Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from

a. Northwestern Europe.

Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race?

a. The concept of race plays an important role in the reproduction of patterns of power and inequality.

William Julius Wilson has argued that for the United States to bridge the Black-white gap in inequality, the federal government would need to

a. create massive numbers of jobs.

Which factor is LEAST likely to explain IQ differences between Blacks and whites?

a. genetic factors

Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Turkish government. This is an example of

a. genocide.

During which period were Mexican workers admitted without much restriction?

a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s

What were the "black codes"?

a. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South after the Civil War

Assimilation is when

a. new immigrant groups assume the attitudes and language of the dominant community.

Steve believes that immigrants are more likely to be criminal than native-born Americans. He continues to hold this belief even though he learned in school that native-born Americans are more likely to commit crime than immigrants. Steve's attitude is an example of

a. prejudice.

Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. This process of categorization is known as

a. racialization.

Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as

a. racism.

Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all French people like to wear striped shirts, is best described as

a. stereotyping.

Which group of Americans has the lowest median household income?

b. African Americans

Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that

by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities.

Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey?

d. A researcher distributes paper questionnaires to new immigrant children in high school.

Which group has lived in the United States longer than all other immigrant groups besides Anglo-Saxons, yet faces the segregation and poverty that was only a transitional phase for the other groups?

d. African Americans

Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. Which group has the highest rate of hypertension?

d. Black men and women

Of the choices listed, which is a commonwealth of the United States?

a. Puerto Rico

In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings?

a. Latina women

More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from

a. immigrants.

In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face?

a. stress

In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that _______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people.

a. the history of racial segregation

Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of _______ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century.

b. African Americans

Which statement about Theodor Adorno's research would Adorno most agree with?

b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society.

According to the U.S. Census, are people with origins in the Middle East and North Africa white?

b. Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are white.

Which of the following statements best represents variation in racial and ethnic identification across countries?

b. Countries base racial and ethnic categorization on different traits, including skin color, cultural group membership, regional origin, and religion.

Which of the following minority groups is the largest?

b. Hispanic Americans

For most of the period of European expansion, Europeans believed themselves to be superior to the people they colonized and conquered. This fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism?

b. Racist views distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans became central to European racist attitudes.

Although Anthony, an African American, was more productive at work than Francisco, a Hispanic American, Anthony was given a raise but not Francisco because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are better workers than African Americans. Denying Francisco a raise is an example of

b. discrimination.

Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. He wants to move to Canada and become a permanent citizen. This is an example of

b. emigration.

Black drivers are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during a vehicle stop (even after controlling for variables such as the reason the car was stopped), but they are found in possession of contraband 26 percent less often than white drivers. This difference is an example of

b. institutional racism.

When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. This is an example of

b. institutional racism.

Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. Immigrants in this example can be considered a

b. scapegoat.

In 2016, what percent of families headed by Latina women lived in poverty?

c. 41 percent

Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate?

c. Asian Americans

Which group of Americans has the highest median household income?

c. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

Over the past half-century, the South has lost all gains in desegregation made since 1954—the year of the ______ decision.

c. Brown v. Board of Education

Unlike other Latino immigrants, these immigrants were mainly educated people from white-collar and professional backgrounds.

c. Cubans

During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps.

c. Japanese Americans

______ is a socially constructed category based on the belief in fundamental human differences associated with physical characteristics and ancestry.

c. Race

Are Hispanics white or nonwhite?

c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite.

Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true?

c. The term refers to political power and is not simply a numerical distinction.

Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances?

c. William Julius Wilson

A disadvantaged group that is separated from the dominant group by their distinct physical or cultural characteristics is known as

c. a minority group.

Ethan is a white man who has Scottish ancestry and wore a kilt to his wedding. In most aspects of his life, however, being Scottish American has no meaningful impact on his day-to-day life. This example illustrates that

c. ethnicity is a choice for whites in the United States.

When a minority member experiences a microaggression, they

c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult.

Those who view the Mexican American population as stagnating argue that Mexicans are going through a process called

c. racialization.

A white applicant who was rejected by a prestigious university argues that she was not admitted because racial minorities were given special advantages in the application process. What term would be used to characterize her argument?

c. scapegoating

In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races. This is an example of

c. segregation.