Sociology Chapter 10

The three things a social movement needs in order to be successful are ____. A. organization, leadership, and resources B. goals, strategies, and discipline C. organization, leadership, and public support D. leaders, followers, and media attention

A. organization, leadership, and resources

In the study of social movements, ____ focuses on factors that help or hinder the formation and/or success of social movements. A. resource mobilization theory B. mass society theory C. relative deprivation theory D. rational choice theory

A. resource mobilization theory

All of the following accurately describes the march on Selma, EXCEPT: A. The march on Selma was part of a strategy to win media support for the Civil Rights Movement by juxtaposing nonviolent protest and police brutality. B. The march on Selma was a spontaneous event that emerged as a reaction to the violent refusal to allow African-Americans to register to vote at the county courthouse. C. The march on Selma was part of a longer campaign aimed at winning numerous civil rights for African-Americans. D. The march on Selma was part of a strategy to use public pressure to push the Johnson administration to move faster on civil rights legislation.

B. The march on Selma was a spontaneous event that emerged as a reaction to the violent refusal to allow African-Americans to register to vote at the county courthouse.

According to Mancor Olson, how do groups solve the collective action problem and coordinate effectively to achieve their goals? A. By enforcing strict participation requirements B. By providing selective benefits to their members C. By appealing to religious or other deeply held convictions D. By raising their consciousness and educating them about the issues

B. By providing selective benefits to their members

Political scientists and political sociologists distinguish between "insider" and "outsider" strategies to influence elected officials. Which of the following is NOT an example of an insider strategy? A. Directly appealing to elected officials through campaign contributions B. Directly appealing to the public to mobilize grassroots support C. Using the courts to file cases directly challenging current laws D. Directly working with elected officials as an advisor

B. Directly appealing to the public to mobilize grassroots support

According to pluralist theory, every group with a particular interest should be (equally) able to form an organization to pursue those interests. Why are some groups (e.g. doctors, unionized workers, business owners) better able to do this, while other groups (e.g. the homeless, the unemployed) are not? Choose the best answer. A. Some groups are too lazy or uninformed to participate in politics B. Some groups have more resources available to help them organize, while others have limited resources available to them C. Some groups have more incentive to be active politically since they have more to lose D. Some groups are more satisfied with the status quo (the way things are)

B. Some groups have more resources available to help them organize, while others have limited resources available to them

Thinking as a political sociologist, what do you think is the lesson from Selma for contemporary groups, such as Black Lives Matter? A. That disruptive protests always backfire and are counterproductive. B. That disruptive (but peaceful) protests should be combined with other strategies, such as working through the courts and lobbying political leaders. C. That peaceful protests alone can win political victories. D. That the only way to achieve political victories is through the courts and by lobbying political leaders.

B. That disruptive (but peaceful) protests should be combined with other strategies, such as working through the courts and lobbying political leaders.

Social movements that focus on changing some aspect of society are called ____ social movements. A. progressive B. activist C. radical D. regressive

B. activist

The events depicted in Selma show that MLK and the other leaders ____. A. relied exclusively on "insider" political strategies B. combined "outsider" and "insider" political strategies C. relied exclusively on "outsider" political strategies D. struggled to overcome the free rider problem

B. combined "outsider" and "insider" political strategies

People who will get the full benefit of a project and either don't pay a big enough share or they don't pay at all and assume someone else will get it done are called ____. A. free actors B. free riders C. civic realists D. optimistic

B. free riders

Social movements that actively seek to prevent social change are called ____ social movements. A. radical B. regressive C. conservative D. activist

B. regressive

In the study of social movements, ____ focuses on how groups that are oppressed respond to inequality and oppression. A. resource mobilization theory B. relative deprivation theory C. rational choice theory D. mass society theory

B. relative deprivation theory

Political scientists and political sociologists distinguish between "insider" and "outsider" strategies to influence elected officials. Which of the following is NOT an example of an outsider strategy? A. Directly appealing to the public to mobilize grassroots support B. Staging a protest that gets media and public attention focused on an issue C. Using the courts to file cases directly challenging current laws D. Organizing a boycott or other demonstration of mass resistance to a policy

C. Using the courts to file cases directly challenging current laws

Imagine that you and your neighbors all want a new road built to connect your community with the outside. You would all be better off with the road, but none of you is eager to build it on your own. This is an example of ____. A. selfishness B. the limited role of government C. a collective action problem D. pragmatism

C. a collective action problem

An interest group is ____. A. an alliance of banks to establish common fees B. an organization that attempts to influence policy by nominating and supporting candidates for elected office C. an organization that attempts to influence policy by lobbying public officials to consider or advance its preferences D. the individuals and groups who make their own interests count even when others resist

C. an organization that attempts to influence policy by lobbying public officials to consider or advance its preferences

In the study of social movements, ____ focuses on how individuals compare the costs and benefits of joining or participating in a social movement. A. resource mobilization theory B. mass society theory C. rational choice theory D. relative deprivation theory

C. rational choice theory

The film Selma depicts many members of the various groups involved in organizing the march on Selma often arguing about different tactics. Janet Vertesi points out that the film does this in order to ____. A. show that successful social movements eventually rally behind one leader, who they don't question B. argue for unity and warning that social movements that are internally divided are likely to fail C. show that successful social movement involve difficult strategic choices, often including many different coordinated strategies D. argue that social movements are inherently chaotic and poorly organized

C. show that successful social movement involve difficult strategic choices, often including many different coordinated strategies

Through use of lighting and other visual cues, the film Selma juxtaposes "public" and "private" spaces in ways that ____. A. argue for the importance of maintaining a "private" sphere B. show that government officials and police respected the "private" sphere of all characters equally C. show that white characters had greater access to "public" spaces than African-American characters do D. show that African-Americans want to invade the "private" space of whites

C. show that white characters had greater access to "public" spaces than African-American characters do

A collective attempt to further a common interest or secure a common group goal through action, often outside the sphere of established institutions is a ____. A. collective behavior B. revolution C. social movement D. coup d'éta

C. social movement

The film Selma focuses on the story of ____. A. the boycott of segregated buses led by Rosa Parks B. the fight to end school segregation in Selma, Alabama C. the 1965 march to the Alabama capital to demand voting rights for African-Americans D. the march on Washington, DC, that ended with MLK's "I Have A Dream" speech

C. the 1965 march to the Alabama capital to demand voting rights for African-Americans

What role did the media, particularly television, play in the events portrayed in Selma (and the broader Civil Rights Movement)? A. The media made sure to always offer a "balanced" view of the story, giving equal time to the responsibility of "all sides" in the violence. B. The media mostly acted as a distraction, focusing on popular music and other "human interest" stories. C. By reporting on events, and airing footage of anti-segregation riots, the media encouraged people to support segregation. D. By reporting on the events, and airing footage of police repression on television, the media galvanized public opinion in favor of the Civil Rights movement.

D. By reporting on the events, and airing footage of police repression on television, the media galvanized public opinion in favor of the Civil Rights movement.

Someone using resource mobilization theory to analyze the events depicted in Selma would ____. A. focus on the importance of states' rights and maintaining law and order B. focus on the injustice perpetuated by racism and segregation C. focus on the mass psychology of the people who joined the marchers D. focus on the strategic choices made by the movement's leaders, as well as how they mobilized resources like churches, local organizations, and the media

D. focus on the strategic choices made by the movement's leaders, as well as how they mobilized resources like churches, local organizations, and the media

Which of the following is NOT an example of an interest group? A. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) B. The American Medical Association (AMA) C. The National Rifle Association (NRA) D. Mississippi Institutions of Higher Learning (IHL)

D. Mississippi Institutions of Higher Learning (IHL)

If they become successful, social movements usually ____. A. find new social issues to tackle, in order to perpetuate their existence B. become a political party C. fade away, since they're no longer necessary D. become institutionalized and incorporated into the dominant culture

D. become institutionalized and incorporated into the dominant culture

A social movement is a(n) ____. A. forum for interacting with other, like-minded people on a regular basis B. spontaneous grassroots mobilization that resists social injustice C. attempt to overthrow the existing political order by means of mass action D. collective, organized effort that seeks to bring about or resist social change

D. collective, organized effort that seeks to bring about or resist social change

People who make extraordinary efforts to bring people together and organizing them for the purpose of changing policy are called ____. A. civic actors B. natural leaders C. political gurus D. political entrepreneurs

D. political entrepreneurs

People are less likely to "free ride" in larger groups since the pressure to belong is greater. True False

False

The film Selma reminds us that the most important part of the Civil Rights Movement were the speeches made by Martin Luther King, Jr. True False

False

Although the Civil Rights protesters had committed themselves to non-violence, they invited violence from their opponents as a tactic to demonstrate their moral superiority and the justice of their cause. True False

True