Sociology: Chapter 4 (Socialization)
What are the two parts of the self, and according to who?
- "Me" and "I" - According to mead
5 stages of grieving associating with dying, according to who?
- According to Kubler-Ross. - Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance.
Socialization continues over the course of a person's __________. At each stage of the life cycle, what are people expected to adopt?
- Life - Different Behaviors -Cradle to grave
Define significant others. Who developed this term?
- Mead developed this term. - Those people who's reactions/opinions are the most important to our self-concept.
Describe what life is like in a total institution.
- People are separated from the rest of society. - They are not free to manage their own lives. - Cannot come and go as they please. - They are controlled and manipulated by those in charge.
What is resocialization?
- The process of adoption new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.
What is desocialization? How can this be accomplished?
- The process of giving up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. - Serial numbers as your name, uniforms, loss of privacy.
Imitation Stage
-1st stage of meads role-taking process. - Children begin to imitate behaviors without understanding why.
Play Stage
-2nd stage of meads role-taking process. -Children act in ways they imagine other people would.
Game Stage
-3rd stage of meads role-taking process. - Children anticipate the actions of others based on social rules.
What is the RELIGION'S role in socialization?
-Children learn the values, morals, and beliefs of the religion. -Learn about group life, views on sexuality, gender roles, work, and child rearing practices.
What role does the mass media play in socialization?
-Displays role models for children to imitate. -Provides kids with the American basic values. -Intergrades children into society.
Functionalism
-Examines how socialization helps maintain social institutions. -Societal level stresses the ways groups work together to create a stable society.
List the 5 major agents of socialization.
-Family -Religion -School -Peer Group -The Mass Media
Conflict Theory
-Focuses on its role in social control. -Views socialization as a way of perpetuating the status quo.
Symbolical Interactionism
-Role of individuals and the social relationships play in socialization, so it allows for a more complete understanding of the 2.
How do peer groups contribute to socialization?
-They promote independence from adults. -Allow kids to make their own decisions.
What is the FAMILY'S role in socialization?
-To teach children to think and speak. -Internalize norms, beliefs, and values. -Form some basic attitudes. -Developed a capacity for intimate and personal relationships. -Acquire a self-image.
What is the three-stage process of the looking-glass?
1. We imagine how we appear to others. 2. We imagine the reactions of others to our (imagined) Appearance. 3. We evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have judged us.
reorientation
A change in attitudes and beliefs
Haat is a self-concept?
An image of yourself as having an identity separate from others.
What is the looking-glass self?
An image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you.
What is essential for normal human development?
Contact and Communication
What are the theoretical perspectives?
Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Symbolical Interactionism.
What is a reference group?
Group whose norms and vaues are used to guide behavior. (Group whom you identify with).
What are the 3 stage-processes of role-taking?
Imitation stage, Play stage, and Game stage
What is a generalized other?
Integrated conception of the norms, values, and beliefs of one's community or society.
What is the mass media?
Means of communication designed to reach the general population.
Transitional Adulthood
Period after high school when young adults have not yet assumed the responsibilities usually associated with adulthood.
How do schools socialize children?
Rewards and punishments are based on a child's performance rather than affection.
Peer group
Set of individuals of roughly the same age and interests.
What did the "I" and the "Me" mean to Mead?
The individual is not passive in the socialization process.
Hidden Curriculum
The informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school.
"Me"
The part of the self formed through socialization
"I"
The part of the self that accounts for unlearned, spontaneous acts.
What were the implications of the studies of Anna, Isabelle, and Gene ?
The personal and social development associated with being human is acquired through intensive and prolonged social contact with others.
Rites of passage
The rituals marking the passage from one starts to another.
Adolescence
The stage of development between childhood and adulthood.
Life Cycle
The stages of development individuals pass through between birth and death.
What is anticipatory socialization?
The voluntary process of preparing to accept new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. (preteens adopt behaviors of adolescence).
What was the conclusion of the infant-bonding monkey study?
They were violent (even towards their offspring), and they never exhibited normal sexual patterns
What was the purpose of Harry and Margret Harlow's isolation studies with monkeys?
To show the negative effects of social isolation
socialization
the process of learning to participate in a group
In what situation might desocialization and resocialization occur?
training in the U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Military Academy