Sociology Chapter 7 Stratification

Identify the goals of class-based affirmative action.

to address problems of racial inequality while avoiding the downsides of race-based affirmative action to provide young people at all economic levels comparable access to higher education

Identify the factors that made it difficult for Africa to benefit from the Green Revolution in twentieth-century agriculture.

the lack of large irrigation networks the tropical and subtropical climates

According to the - approach to stratification, people are in similar - groups if they live similar lifestyles. For example, people might be grouped together by their job's - rather than their -.

According to the status hierarchy system approach to stratification, people are in similar status groups if they live similar lifestyles. For example, people might be grouped together by their job's typical dress code and tasks rather than their income.

Why are college completion rates not keeping up with the job market's demand for college graduates?

Higher numbers of college students are dropping out before graduation.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about people living in poverty. In -, the distinction between the "working poor" and the "nonworking poor" is not just about those who have jobs and those who do not, but about those who - help versus those who don't. Supposedly, the nonworking could work but -. -, however, the line between the working and nonworking poor does not mean a great deal, since families cross it often, as breadwinners gain or lose employment.

In politics, the distinction between the "working poor" and the "nonworking poor" is not just about those who have jobs and those who do not, but about those who deserve help versus those who don't. Supposedly, the nonworking could work but choose not to. Sociologically, however, the line between the working and nonworking poor does not mean a great deal, since families cross it often, as breadwinners gain or lose employment.

Identify the examples of a dialectic.

Maria and Leslie have lived together for a year. Maria complains to Leslie that she has done too much of the cleaning and that Leslie needs to help out. Leslie argues that she runs more errands for the household. They discuss this issue and decide to start sharing both cleaning and errand duties more equitably. Tomato growing companies rely on workers who will work for subminimum wages. However, after the workers protest their treatment and receive support from the community, company owners negotiate fairer wages and working conditions with them.

As sociologist Michael Hout explains to Dalton Conley in the very beginning of this interview, the economic value of a college education continues to rise, but the percentage of young people who earn at least a bachelor's degree has leveled off at about 30 percent. Identify the factors that contribute to this growing discrepancy between the value of college and the supply of college graduates.

The cost burden of college has increasingly shifted to students and families. Low-income high-schoolers tend to have examples around them of people for whom college did not work out, rather than ones for whom it did.

Identify the reasons why the ideology of equal opportunity resonates with most Americans.

We live in a bourgeois society, in which the maximization of profit is the primary business incentive. Americans tend to believe that inequality of opportunity stifles meritocracy.

"Stratification" refers to how society is organized into hierarchies according to which characteristics?

economic resources power

Match each form of social stratification to its topic of focus.

law and politics Correct label: estate system social prestige Correct label: status hierarchy system individual merit Correct label: elite-mass dichotomy system economics Correct label: class system religion Correct label: caste system

Identify each trait as aligning with either the proletariat or capitalists, according to Karl Marx's economic theory.

proletariat: earn money by selling their labor, want to see wages go up capitalist: want to see wages go down, control the assets used for production, earn money by taking a share of profits