Sociology: Chapters 1-7

Place the dramaturgical "scenes" involved in a gynecological exam in chronological order.

1. patient in waiting room 2. patient doctor conversation 3. nurse helps patient disrobe 4. doctor examines patient 5. nurse help redress 6. doctor discusses results

Identify the following people as experiencing anomie, or not. (no clear standards to guide behavior in a given area of social life)

Anomie: - grandparent feels lonely b/c can't understand social media and emojis - destabilizing politic event, people burn and break things Not: - man enraged by low paying job when he wants to be rich - women conforming to feminine standards

Signifier

Any vehicle means of communication

What overall conclusion can be drawn from experiments like the one Salganik, Dodds, and Watts conducted using a Web-based artificial music market?

Behavior influenced by random factors in social group

Community policing focus on ---rather than ---. Include programs rather than ---.

CRIME PREVENTION LAW ENFORCEMENT INCARCERATION

Emilie Durkheim

functionalist theory of the causes of suicide

Robert Merton

strain theory as a functionalist account of social deviance

According to James Henslin and Mae Biggs, what is the primary sociological purpose of the preparations that occur before a woman receives a gynecological exam?

Temporarily take away personhood

Which of the following are examples of socialization?

- Peace corps volunteer learns basic etiquette - parenting class - opening FB account - parent teaching child not to burp Not: - nurse explain medication

Identify the correct and incorrect statements about the depiction of male and female characters in children's stories, as documented by Lenore Weitzman and colleagues.

- males more adventurous - gender imbalance even more in animals Wrong: - male characters exotic - women subversive

Select the bolded phrases that describe back regions in a teacher's day.

- relax in teachers loud - saying out loud to himself

Which of the following represent cultural universals?

- religious rituals - gift giving - marriage not: - written language

What percentage of Americans who use the Internet are on Facebook?

71%

Identify the benefits of workplace computerization for less-skilled workers.

Benefit: - casual interactions - relief from repetitive tasks Not: - advancement opportunity - more creativity/flexibility

Classify each expression of a person's feelings as either "gives" or "gives off."

Gives: - "huh" - reassuring smile Gives off: - blush - pupil dilation

Which are possible goals of impression management?

Goal: - improve position - protect from emotions - spare others feelings Not goal: - openly show annoyance

Which statement represents Max Weber's prediction about power and bureaucracies?

Hierarchal with power concentrated at top

Identify the characteristics of an ideal (i.e., pure) bureaucracy, according to Max Weber.

Ideal: - For officials, their work is their career. - strict hierarchy of authority Not Ideal: - Officials have absolute power within their areas of responsibility - Officials are on duty or on call at all hours

Identify each personal characteristic as either more or less likely to be a factor in online social interactions

More Likely: - political views - hobbies - personal history Less Likely: - social position - disability status

Intended for more privacy versus less privacy?

More privacy: - FERPA rules prohibiting spread of student info. - Snapchat - tinted car windows Less privacy: - social media, FB and Insta - traffic cams - police body cams - drones

Bureaucracy, from words meaning --- and ---, refers to governing by cadre of ---. According to ---, it is necessary for administration of ---

Office Rule Full-time professionals Weber Large scale social systems

About--- of population is obese, number is---. 2007 study showed that obesity was---

One third Rising Contagious

Match to corresponding definitions

Primary deviance- first act of rule breaking Stigma- label that alters self-concept and social identity Secondary deviance- deviance prompted by label

In the context of Charles Horton Cooley's theory of groups, classify each attribute as belonging to either primary or secondary groups.

Primary: - intimacy - unity and commitment Secondary: - role-play - instrumental in purpose - impersonal

Which are the purposes of conversation analysis?

Purpose: - reveal organizational principles - reveal role of conversation in social order Not: - strip away inessential elements - establish norms

In labeling theory, what is the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance?

Secondary is an eventual effect of primary

Sociologist Erving Goffman saw social life as theater, played out by actors on a stage. Match each term to the appropriate example.

Social position: A doctor's profession is known or clearly visible to others, and he or she is often addressed or referred to using the title "doctor." Status: A doctor is generally treated with respect, and most parents are happy if their child aspires to become a doctor. Role: A doctor is expected to see a certain number of patients per day, to address them courteously, and to treat them in a medically appropriate way.

Identify the activities Michel Foucault would consider to be a form of surveillance.

Surveillance: - Prison guards watching inmates dining - Bus driver fight results in entry on record Not: - underwater welders keeping an eye on each other - assembly line workers

Language

System of symbols used by people to communicate

Wilson and Keling

Theory of broken windows- neighborhood disorder encourages serious crime

In the United States, across income level, education, and race, the digital divide is narrowing.

True

Out of Robert Merton's list of five personality types—conformist, ritualist, innovator, retreatist, and rebel—all but one is a deviant by Merton's definition.

True- only conformist embrace both society approved goals and approved means of reaching them

Valid or not valid about incarceration in US?

Valid: - Prison Industrial Complex refers to scope of incarceration and business involved - US has highest rates per capita - Italian Americans used crime for upward mobility in first half of 20th century Not valid: - rate of incarceration much higher among white men

What conclusion can be drawn from the following figure? (police employees and crime rates)

no clear, causal relationship can be drawn

What is a probable social result of the longer lifespans and better health of older adults in the United States due to medical advancements and demographic changes?

older adults to maintain an outward focus

Symbol

one item used to stand for another

The idea that death is for old people is a recent development.

true

Underage drinking

Against the law but not deviant

Historically, what has been the relation between the type of colonialism and the eventual industrialization of the colonized nation?

Colonization by large scale settlement leads to greater industrialization

Why might community policing be an effective approach to reducing crime?

Community policing can help improve social order, lowering incentives for crime

In which ways are late-modern organizations using information and communication technology to change their members' working conditions?

Correct: - Hierarchies flatter and flexible - Workplace less centralized - Workers more efficient Incorrect: - Workers compensation package is better

Explanation for dropping crime rates

Correct: - better economic conditions - lower levels of drug use Incorrect: - lower police presence - legalization of some drugs

What are the defining characteristics of an organization?

Correct: - clear distinction between who does or doesn't belong - common purpose Incorrect: - rest of society aware of its existence - governing structure and rules of behavior

Difficulties in prosecuting cybercrime?

Correct: - extradition and jurisdiction Incorrect: - lack of law enforcement, outdated tech

Why, according to Max Weber, is the use of written language important for the function of a modern organization?

Correct: - maintain written records - written rules Incorrect: - language to market themselves - written feedback

Based on the view of sociologist Elijah Anderson, which reasons qualify Philadelphia's mall The Galleria as a "canopy"?

Correct: - orderly, relaxed - different types of people Incorrect: - "cosmos" - diverse population

Which interactionist theory suggests that individuals become deviant when exposed to a higher level of deviant persons and influences, compared with conventional influences?

Differential association theory

"McDonaldization" of society. Match each principle to the corresponding example.

Efficiency A restaurant keeps the dining area heavily air conditioned so patrons do not feel cozy and inclined to linger. Calculability: A medical office keeps track of the number of patients each doctor sees per day. Control: An auto maintenance shop has a website where car owners make appointments without speaking to a human scheduler. Uniformity: Two hotel chains in a corporate partnership advertise "Different names, same great service."

What is the main challenge in programming computers to converse with human beings?

Equipping computers with shared understanding

Which scenarios are examples of civil inattention?

Example: - people in elevator - man seated near a woman Not: - students don't speak during test - scuba divers exploring

Bureaucracy is firmly established as the final stage in the development of modern formal organizations.

False

Like common facial expressions, many gestures and bodily postures have universal, cross-cultural meanings.

False

Classify each relation as either formal or informal.

Formal: - clerk and supervisor - company president and BOD Informal: - presidents of rival companies - friends at work

Which interactional settings are examples of "front region" or "back region," as Erving Goffman calls them?

Front: - students protest - blogger posting Back: - teachers chat in break room - professor personal email on illegal practices

Zones of personal space

Intimate: <1.5 feet Personal: 1.5-4 Social: 4-12 Public: 12+

Howard Becker

Labelling theory and how deviance begins

Why do sociologists think it is important to understand why people tend to conform to group pressure?

Leads to destructive behavior

Educator-starts-charter-school. According to Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which personality type best fits this educator?

Rebel

John Meyer and Brian Rowan argue that in organizations officially governed by formal rules, much of the work is usually done with minimal regard for the rules. What, then is the role of the rules?

Rules legitimize work being done