Sociology Exam 1

What is a dyad vs. a triad vs. party vs. large group?

Dyad is two people with a relationship, triad is three people with a relationship, party is 3 or more, large group

What are the four types of suicide? Give an example of each.

Egoistic suicide: socially isolated, no place in the society; self-centred person who lacks altruistic feelings and is usually cut off society Altruistic suicide: when individuals and the group are too close and intimate. Anomic suicide: breakdown of social equilibrium, such as, suicide after bankruptcy or after winning a lottery. Fatalistic suicide: This type of suicide is due to overregulation in society. Under the overregulation of a society, when a servant or slave commits suicide, when a barren woman commits suicide

Define ethnocentrism and provide an example.

the belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others, and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own. Ex. Christians judging other religions because they do not believe in God. Believe God is real and any other religious belief is inferior

What does it mean to think like a sociologist?

To think of the world in such a way as to make the familiar strange

Provide an example of subculture

Catholicism or Protestantism, parts of Christianity

What is the difference between conflict theory and functionalism

Conflict Theory: the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general Functionalism: the theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important (or necessary) function to keep society running

What is the difference between material and nonmaterial culture?

Material culture is everything that is a part of our constructed environment, such as books, fashion, and monuments (physical) Nonmaterial culture encompasses values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms.

What is the difference between macro and micro sociology?

Microsociology understands local interactional contexts, focusing on face-to-face encounters and gathering data through participant observations and in-depth interviews. Macrosociology looks at social dynamics across whole societies or large parts of them and often relies on statistical analysis to do so.

What is an agent of socialization?

Parts of society that are important for socialization. ex. family, school, peers, media

What is the difference between a punitive vs. rehabilitative response to deviance?

Punitive wants to make the violator suffer, Rehabilitative attempts to find ways to rehabilitate the offender

What is a social institution?

a complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time; also defined in a narrow sense as any institution in a society that works to shape the behavior of the groups or people within it

Name and define all the types of statuses

ascribed status is one we are born with that is unlikely to change. achieved status is one we have earned through individual effort or that is imposed by others master status is a status that seems to override all others and affects all other statuses that he or she possesses

What is socialization? When does it begin?

the process by which a person internalizes the values, beliefs, and norms of society and learns to function as a member of that society.