sociology exam 1

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Why is it beneficial for sociologists to experience culture shock?

It makes us realize we lack an understanding of our surroundings so we can perceive what is right in front of us.

Which of the following theories views society as a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together?

structural functionalism

What was the most important factor in social life according to Karl Marx?

relationship to the means of production

According to Robert Merton, manifest functions

are intended and obvious

According to Marx, the primary tool for the oppression of the lower social classes in modern society is

industrial capitalism

What did Max Weber mean when he said that modern people are trapped in an "iron cage"?

Most aspects of life are increasingly controlled by rigid rules and rationalization.

What ideas did Harriet Martineau support that were radical for her time?

labor unions and the abolition of slavery

Researchers usually transcribe responses after they conduct a series of interviews. The transcription process is fairly time-consuming, but it is valuable, in part, because it allows researchers to

look for patterns in their data.

What is one of the weaknesses of being an everyday actor when it comes to understanding everyday life?

making assumptions and failing to investigate or verify those assumptions

The divorce rate has steadily increased over time, and now more than a quarter of all marriages end within the first four years. What sort of factors would C. Wright Mills suggest investigating to explain this increase?

structural factors

Which of the following theories focuses on how our behaviors are dependent on the ways we interpret, make sense of, and define ourselves, others, and social situations?

symbolic interactionism

Postmodernists are interested in ________, or taking apart and examining stories and theories.

Deconstruction

What term did Karl Marx use to describe the fact that most of the population accepts inequality even when it does not benefit them personally?

false consciousness

Structural functionalist theory is concerned with the ways in which structures contribute to the stability of society. What is a structure?

a social institution that is stable over time and helps meet the needs of society

Jared is conducting a sociological research study on the underground music scene. He has just finished collecting data for the study. What is the next step Jared should take in the scientific method?

analyze data

Max Weber believed that modern industrialized societies were characterized by which of the following institutions?

bureaucracies

According to Émile Durkheim, what is the basis for the bonds created through organic solidarity in industrialized societies?

difference, interdependence, and individual rights

If conducting research, what steps must you take to follow the scientific method? Identify them in the correct order in which you should do them.

form a hypothesis, define variables, choose research method, collect data

According to C. Wright Mills, what is one quality of mind that all great sociologists possess?

sociological imagination

Max Weber believed that society became increasingly rationalized as the Industrial Revolution progressed. How did he define rationalization?

the application of economic logic to all aspects of social life

According to the theoretical position developed by Karl Marx, what is the catalyst for social change?

conflict between social groups

Durkheim theorized that the rapidly changing conditions of modern life lead to anomie. What is anomie?

normlessness or a loss of connections to the social world

Which of the following research techniques focuses on gaining an insider's perspective of the everyday lives of participants under investigation, which often dispels stereotypes about the group being investigated?

participant observation

According to Émile Durkheim, what was the basis for the bonds created through mechanical solidarity in traditional societies?

shared traditions and similar experiences


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