sociology exam 2

Positive deviance

**to achieve social change, we need deviance -actions later reinterpreted as appropriate or even heroic **Rosa Parks

Principles of McDonaldization: Predictability

*setting, food, and behavior of employees are the same

Teen phone use stats

-1/2 of american teens send 50+ texts/day -2/3 said they're more likely to text than call -54% text friends once/day -33% talk to friends face-to-face daily

Implications of social media

-77% of recruiters run searches of social media -35% of these same recruiters said they eliminated a candidate based on info they found

Bureaucracies

-best way to obtain a goal -large formal org. with formal rules and clear specific work tasks

Concerns about social media

-bullying -sexting

examples of goals and outcomes

-maintain order -keep track of people -grow, harvest, or process foods -sell goods -make pesticides

Principles of McDonaldization: Control

-occurs through the use of non-human techniques -controlling our bodies and actions -self checkout, food placement

Iron cage

-term that Weber used to describe modern life -rigid rules of bureaucracies "control our lives and trap us in an iron cage"

Feeding machine

-was supposed to speed up meal time -impersonal- just shoves more food in their face, what kind of food they get is ignored *bureaucracies ignore our humaness

6 degrees of separation Stanley Milgram (1967)

2 random US citizens were connected by at most 6 acquaintances at any given time

Achieved status

A social position a person takes on voluntarily or acquire through our own efforts ex- student, spouse, nurse

Ascribed status

A social position assigned acquired at birth or that we enter involuntarily ex- race or gender

Informal social status

Class clown

Because laws represent the interests of those in power, crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes. This argument is consistent with:

Conflict theory

In order for a behavior, trait, or belief to be considered deviant, it must:

Depart from a norm and and generate a negative reaction

Deviance is always defined in the same way, regardless of the historical, cultural, or situational context in which it occurs.

False

McDonaldization

George Ritzer took Webers principles and applied them to society -everyday life is becoming more and more standardized, efficient, and rational just like fast food restaurants

Formal social status

President or parent

Max Weber (Vay-ber)

Rationalization -daily life is organized socially to accommodate large numbers of people

Who is Margee Kerr a sociologist for?

Scare House!

Master status

Status of greatest importance in someone's life, can change over time -gender, ethnicity, skin tone, economic status, sexual orientation, religion, occupation

Master Status i occupy

Student

According to the structural strain theory of deviance, as articulated by Robert Merton, one of the principal reasons that people turn to deviant behavior in the United States is that:

The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means to achieve that goal

Who is Jessica Carbino a sociologist for?

Tinder!

According to the sociologist Howard Becker, there are no inherently deviant acts, only societal reactions to acts that make them deviant.

True

Organization

a coordinating mechanism created by people to achieve an agreed upon goal or planned outcome

Labeling theory

a deviant label influences others feelings and reactions toward that person -2 people smoke weed, only one gets caught and labeled as a drug addict -Megan's law

Secondary group

a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity

Social groups

a number of people who share norms, values, and expectations AND interact with one another on a regular basis -made up of people who have something in common and believe in similar things ex- frats and sororities NOT ex- college freshman, fans at a CU football game

Merton's 4 paths to deviance Innovation

accepts cultural goals but rejects the institutional means *doesn't matter how you win or get things as long as you get them

Absolutist

always a clear definition between right and wrong -cut and dry, context doesn't matter

Out-group

antagonism, where we don't belong non members may look at a sorority or frat as an out group

Deviance

behavior, trait, belief, or other characteristic that violates a norm and causes a negative reaction **it's not the act itself, but the reactions people have to it -what's deviant to one person isn't deviant to another

Roles

behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status *we OCCUPY a STATUS and PLAY a ROLE *roles guide our behavior

Principles of McDonaldization: Efficiency

best way to do anything and everything

Strain Theory most people choose

conformity

Power: job title vs network

could have more social power if you're just an employee rather than CEO *it's better to have a bigger network with a lot of indirect ties

Merton's 4 paths to deviance Ritualism or burnout

doesn't accept cultural goals but accepts institutional means -plays by rules, doesn't care about winning

Power of Social Network Theory

explains how characteristics of an individual sometimes don't matter as much as the relationships with others in a network

Dyad

group of 2, smallest possible group, most intense and unstable

Tryad

group of 3, additional person fundamentally changes the group ex- two parents and a child

Relativist

how we define and respond to behavior -who commits the act -under what circumstances -these people take things into consideration

Social capital

how we depend on people to help us accomplish our goals ex-josh getting teaching job because KK is the one hiring

Nodes

individual person in a network

Aggregates

individuals who temporarily share the same physical space ex- fans at a CU football game

Strain Theory (Merton)

it's in societies interest to socialize all members to strive for success so that the most able and talented people will come out on top -members of society that don't achieve that goal experience pressure or strain

Strong (direct) ties

lines directly connecting you with another person. -I have a strong tie to Dr. Walsh

Weak (indirect) ties

lines to someone else that must go through someone else -I have a weak tie with Dr. Walsh's brother

Control theory of deviance

looks at why people do NOT commit deviant acts ex- joe being a cop- me not doing anything sketchy

Voluntary association

made up of volunteers who organize on the basis of some shared mutual interest

Primary group

our first group, gives us our basic orientation to life, we miss this group when we are homesick

Categories

people who share similar characteristics but don't interact with eachother

Merton's 4 paths to deviance Retreatism

rejects the cultural goals AND the institutionalized means. rejecting everything, no desire to play by the rules or win **outcasts

Ties

relationship between people in a network (nodes)

Merton's 4 paths to deviance Rebellion

seeks to replace the existing goals and means with new ones. -street gangs, amish

Ranking deviance class activity

some of the deviant acts are vague, it's all about your context, ranking from least to worst

Statuses i occupy

student, daughter, girlfriend, friend, sister, friend, granddaughter

Social status

the position that someone occupies in the social hierarchy

Bystander effect

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Principles of McDonaldization: Calculability

things can be counted or quantified

Roles i play

traveling, doing homework, studying, cleaning, laundry

T/F: social networks come with rules and expectations

true!!

Reference groups

what we use as standards to evaluate ourselves -family, teachers, friends -usually other members of the groups you belong to -could be member of a group you want to belong to

Role Conflict

when we occupy 2 or more roles with contradictory expectations

In-group

where we belong